| 1. | 详细信息 |
|
It's surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way we think. Using expansive gestures with open arms makes us feel more powerful, crossing your arms makes you more determined and lying down can bring more insights(领悟). So if moving the body can have these effects, what about the clothes we wear? We're all well aware of how dressing up in different ways can make us feel more attractive, sporty or professional, depending on the clothes we wear, but can the clothes actually change cognitive (认知的)performance or is it just a feeling? Adam and Galinsky tested the effect of simply wearing a white lab coat on people's powers of attention. The idea is that white coats are associated with scientists, who are in turn thought to have close attention to detail. What they found was that people wearing white coats performed better than those who weren't. Indeed, they made only half as many errors as those wearing their own clothes on the StroopTest(one way of measuring attention). The researchers call the effect 'enclothed cognition', suggesting that all manner of different clothes probably affect our cognition in many different ways. This opens the way for all sorts of clothes-based experiments. Is the writer who wears a fedora more creative? Is the psychologist wearing little round glasses and smoking a cigar more insightful? Does a chef's hat make the resultant food taste better? From now on I will only be editing articles for PsyBlog while wearing a white coat to help keep the typing error count low. Hopefully you will be doing your part by reading PsyBlog in a cap and gown(学位服). 【1】Adam and Galinsky's experiment tested the effect of clothes on their wearers'___________. A.insights B.attention C.movements D.appearance 【2】How does the author sound in the last paragraph? A.Humorous. B.Academic. C.Formal. D.Hopeful. 【3】What is the main idea of the text? A.Body movements change the way people think. B.How people dress has an influence on their feelings. C.People doing different jobs should wear different clothes. D.What people wear can affect their cognitive performance. |
|
| 2. | 详细信息 |
|
My mother always said, "You young men should explore your own country before stepping out into the world." It seemed like a tough task. But luckily for me, Via Rail Canada offered youths between the ages of 18 and 25 the chance to ride the train across Canada for the month of July in 2017. I jumped at the opportunity and secured an inexpensive ticket. Excitement was at its peak as I approached the train station on the morning when my 22-day adventure was to begin. I jumped on board the passenger vessel (车厢) like it was the train to Hogwarts in Harry Potter. The train headed west in search of our first destination — the scenic town of Banff, Alberta. After just an hour on the train, desperation already came on me. The thought of three full days on those tracks broke my spirits. As I gazed out towards Lake Superior's glistening (闪闪发亮) waves, I decided if I was to be stuck in here, I would need to enjoy my time. Those three days turned into a summer camp on rails. Real friendships with the crew were born within that train. Stops were made in small, remote railroad villages. A large group of strangers turned travelling companions would rush towards the villages to reward our endless patience with local cuisine. At night, we would walk to the glass-domed (玻璃穹顶) train car,which gave a scenic view of the night sky, untouched by light pollution. After three days, we arrived in Banff. Before my adventure of taking the train across Canada, if I could have skipped the travel and arrived at the destination, I would have. But that is no longer true. I've learned that the journey can be more enjoyable than the destination. 【1】What made the author's train trip possible? A.The attraction of the splendid scenery. B.A time-limited ticket offer for youths. C.The encouragement from his mother. D.His determination to face the tough tasks. 【2】Which of the following best describes the author as a young man? A.Considerate. B.Determined. C.Smart. D.Adaptable. 【3】What has the author learned from his adventure? A.To enjoy travelling on his own. B.To skip to the final destination. C.To explore more in the process. D.To be content with train service. |
|
| 3. 阅读理解 | 详细信息 |
|
Life expectancy in the United States has been in decline for the first time in decades, and public health officials have identified a series of potential causes, including inaccessible health care, rising drug addiction and rates of mental health disorders, and socio-economic factors. Now, a study led by the Yale School of Medicine has attempted to find out the relative impact of two factors most often linked to life expectancy – race and education – by looking at data about 5,114 black and white participants in four U.S. cities. The lives and deaths among this group of people – who took part in the study approximately 30 years ago when they were in their early 20s – show that the level of education, and not race, is the best predictor of who will live the longest. Among the 5,114 people followed in the study, 395 had died. These deaths were occurring in working-age people, often with children, before the age of 60. The rates of death among participants in this group did clearly show racial differences, with approximately 9% of blacks dying at an early age compared to 6% of whites. There were also differences in causes of death by race. For instance, black men were significantly more likely to die of murder and white men from AIDS. The most common causes of death across all groups over time were cardiovascular disease and cancer. But there were also obvious differences in rates of death by education level. Approximately 13% of participants with a high school degree or less education died compared with only approximately 5% of college graduates. Strikingly, when looking at race and education at the same time, the researchers found that differences related to race almost disappeared: 13.5% of black subjects and 13.2% of white subjects with a high school degree or less died during the course of the study. By contrast, 5.9% of black subjects and 4.3% of whites with college degrees had died. Therefore, improving overall quality of education is something tangible that can help reverse (扭转)this troubling trend in reduction of life expectancy among middle-aged adults. 【1】What can we learn about the participants in the study? A.The whites are more aggressive. B.The whites got higher education. C.More blacks than whites died young. D.More whites than blacks died of cancer. 【2】Compared with education, the influence of race on death rates is . A.significant B.unnoticeable C.growing D.long-lasting 【3】What does the underlined word “tangible” probably mean? A.Realistic. B.Creative. C.Challenging. D.Temporary. 【4】What can be inferred from the research findings？ A.People can get smart through learning. B.One should not discriminate other races. C.People don’t enjoy equal rights for education. D.One can live longer by getting more education. |
|
| 4. 其他阅读题型 | 详细信息 |
|
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.【1】Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？ 【2】They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance. To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions.【3】In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”【4】 Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force. 【5】.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players as well. A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent. B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention. D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball. |
|
| 5. 完形填空 | 详细信息 |
|
It was late, about 10:15 p.m., when Janice Esposito arrived at the Bellport train station; she jumped into her Honda Odyssey and began the 20-minute drive home to her husband and seven-year-old son. She’d just returned from visiting her mother and had traveled the route many times before. She practically _______ on autopilot: a left onto Station Road, then a left on Montauk Highway, and then—wham! Out of nowhere a car T-boned Esposito’s minivan, _______ her to move backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks. She _______ in the minivan, bruised (撞伤) but mostly just knocked out by the _________ and the airbags. As it happened, Pete DiPinto was getting ready for _______. He’d just closed his book and was getting under the covers when he heard the sound of metal on metal and breaking glass coming from not far outside his bedroom window. A volunteer_______and retired teacher, DiPinto, 64, never _______to think. He grabbed a flashlight and, still dressed in his pajamas (睡衣), ran out the door. “Any firefighter would have done what I did,” he told Newsday. “We’re always on_______.” The first car he came upon, 2,000 feet from his front yard, was the one that had _______Esposito. Once DiPinto concluded the driver was OK, he looked around and __________Esposito’s minivan positioned on the railroad tracks. And then he heard a terrible sound: the bells signaling an oncoming __________. “The gates were starting to come down,” he told Newsday. “I see the headlight of the train.” DiPinto ran quickly to Esposito’s minivan and knocked on the driver’s side window. She __________ looked at him, her eyes unfocused. “I don’t know where I am,” she said. She seemed unhurt. “Honey, you’re on the railroad __________,” DiPinto shouted. “We have to get you off right now!” He pulled hard on the __________, but the door was crashed in and __________. The heavy diesel train, traveling at 65 miles per hour, was moving fast toward them. DiPinto ran to the passenger side and threw open the __________. “Please, don’t let her be __________,” he thought. He pushed aside the deflating (瘪了的) airbags, grabbed Esposito’s arms, and__________her toward him across the passenger seat until he could help her out and quickly get her to ____________ behind a signal box a few feet away. Within six seconds, he estimated, the train crashed into the minivan. “It was like a Hollywood movie,” DiPinto told reporters the next day. But this one had a twist. “Last night,” South Country Ambulance chief Greg Miglino told CBS New York, “the__________ arrived in pajamas, not in a fire truck.” 【1】A.drove B.walked C.rode D.hiked 【2】A.allowing B.forcing C.ordering D.reminding 【3】A.sat B.stood C.hid D.waited 【4】A.action B.noise C.impact D.bomb 【5】A.class B.work C.dinner D.bed 【6】A.doctor B.driver C.firefighter D.engineer 【7】A.stopped B.troubled C.intended D.wanted 【8】A.duty B.time C.target D.schedule 【9】A.warned B.caught C.hit D.followed 【10】A.observed B.spotted C.realized D.predicted 【11】A.train B.truck C.car D.ambulance 【12】A.yet B.just C.still D.even 【13】A.yards B.stations C.bridges D.tracks 【14】A.belt B.key C.bell D.handle 【15】A.unlocked B.jammed C.open D.gone 【16】A.bag B.door C.book D.box 【17】A.scared B.ignored C.trapped D.defeated 【18】A.carried B.rushed C.guided D.pulled 【19】A.return B.work C.safety D.life 【20】A.police B.actor C.reporter D.hero |
|
| 6. | 详细信息 |
|
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Palace Museum, also known as the Forbidden City, is a much-visited and much-photographed tourist【1】(attract). This Chinese palace with a history of about 600 years 【2】(receive) millions of visits every year and lots of TV programs have shown the place in recent years. However, it still has secrets, and a new program【3】(design) to explore those unknown areas and the stories within is set to show the palace in a new light. The variety show, Shang Xin Le Gu Gong, broadcast its first episode (一集) on Beijing TV and online streaming media site, iQiyi. com, on November 9. That first episode won wide acceptance from audiences and【4】(think) highly of on Douban. com. "It brings many elements(元素)together, and everything in the show is【5】(perfect) matched and turns out amazing," said 【6】 online user. "It brings me the thrill I felt when I stepped into the Palace Museum for the first time.” In each one-hour-long episode, the actors and actresses switch between playing guides and historical 【7】 (figure) like emperors and royal family members of the Qing Dynasty(1644—1911). They focus on areas which are still not accessible 【8】 the public and the stories 【9】(surround) them. In the show, the actors and actresses are also joined by designers 【10】 will create products based on what they see. The most popular ones, based on an online vote, are to be turned into souvenirs for sale. |
|
| 7. 书面表达 | 详细信息 |
|
假定你是学生会主席李华，你校的交换生Bob已学习中国象棋长达一年，特发邮件向你询问将由学生会举办的中国象棋大赛的情况。请你回复邮件，内容包括： 1．举办比赛的目的； 2．比赛的时间和地点； 3．建议他报名参加并说明理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：中国象棋大赛Chinese Chess Contest |
|
| 8. 书面表达 | 详细信息 |
|
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Haagen-Dazs (哈根达斯雪糕) from Europe started in 1989 and is 5-10 times more expensive than regular ice cream. There is no real advantage. However, it adopted a unique marketing strategy, and quickly occupied the market as a top ice cream brand. Haagen-Dazs did not set up shops in ordinary supermarkets or grocery stores. Haggen-Dazs leisure fashion shops are located in busy sections of malls. The layout is carefully planned to create an elegant atmosphere, and sometimes, a flagship (旗舰) store will cost several million dollars. Compared to other ice cream brands, Haagen-Dazs consumers are tightly grouped. It is understood that Haagen-Dazs seldom does television advertising. The majority of ads have the highly visual impact of the print medium. In particular many advertisements look for those pyramid tip consumers. Moreover, as long as the consumer who spends 500 Yuan to fill in a small form can become their members, these members will be regularly sent advertisements by direct mail. Praise of customers is a powerful weapon for Haagen Dazs. There is always much creative ingenuity (独出心裁) in Haagen-Dazs advertising, so it is remembered by the public. Initial advertisements such as: 'Delicious Haagen-Dazs, like 24K gold, Kobe beef from Japan, original palm oil, mushroom truffles and Chinese ceramics…' and 'Love her, let her eat Haagen-Dazs. ' attracted numerous Haagen-Dazs lovers who became regulars. Today, Haggen Dazs has about 700 stores in 55 countries with annual sales of more than 1 billion US dollars. Haagen-Dazs has become the world’s most popular ice cream brand. In the United States, its market share is 6.1%, 1% in France, 4.6% in Japan, 4% in Singapore, and 5% in Hong Kong. Determined to win the majority of wealthy customers, they combined positioning in the marketplace with dedicated brand goals. This is the real secret of success. |
|
