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Guide to Hiking on the Appalachian Trail How do I “Leave No Trace on the Appalachian Trail?” At about 2,189 miles, the Appalachian Trail is the longest single unit of the National Park System. With the number of people visiting this place increasing each year, the chances are great that any of us may damage the natural environment along the Trail and affect the experience for others. So please do your part by following these hiking and camping practices, and encourage others to learn about and adopt these techniques. 1. Plan ahead and prepare. Evaluate the risks associated with your outing, identify campsites and destinations in advance, and use maps and guides. Prepare for extreme weather, dangers, and emergencies – especially the cold – to avoid impacts from searches, rescues, and campfires. Learn when areas are most crowded and try to avoid those times. 2. Dispose of waste properly. Pack out all trash and food waste, including that left behind by others. Don’t bury trash or food, and don’t try to burn packaging materials in campfires. Use the privy (茅房) for human waste only. Do not add trash. If there is no privy, dispose of human waste by burying it in a hole, a hole at least 200 feet (80 steps) from campsites, water sources and shelters, and well away from trails. 3. Leave what you find. Leave plants, cultural artifacts (文物) and other natural objects where you found them for others to enjoy. Do not damage live trees or plants; green wood burns poorly. Collect only firewood that is dead, down, and no larger than your wrist. Leave dead standing trees and dead limbs on standing trees for the wildlife. 4. Minimize campfire impacts. Use stoves for cooking – if you need a fire, build one only where it’s legal and in an existing fire ring. Keep fires small. Never leave your campfire unattended, and drown it when you leave. Do not try to burn trash, including plastic, glass, cans, tea bags, food, or anything with food on it. These items do not burn thoroughly. They create harmful fumes, and attract wildlife like skunks and bears. 5.Respect wildlife Don’t feed or disturb wildlife. Store food properly to avoid attracting bears, varmints, and rodents. If you bring a pet, keep it leashed. 【1】Before you hike on the Appalachian Trail, you are advised to _______. A.Leave your pet dog at home B.bring some food for the wildlife there C.prepare for bad weather and emergencies D.avoid crowded periods and book a hotel in advance 【2】The underlined phrase “dispose of” probably means _______. A.take care of B.hide away C.make use of D.get rid of 【3】If you need a fire on the Appalachian Trail, you should _______. A.collect firewood that is larger than your wrist B.keep it small and drown it when you go away C.burn or bury your trash before you leave D.use it to drive away wildlife like skunks and bear |
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LAS VEGAS — It was different in the light of day. There was no “pop, pop, pop” of gunfire, no screams. Just a quiet lot of cars abandoned by those, like Kassidy Owen, who escaped with their lives. “It’s strange to hear the silence,” Owen said, “because all I remember was the noise.” The 22-year-old was one of dozens of concertgoers who returned to the scene of the Route 91 Harvest festival on Wednesday morning to fetch the vehicles they left behind as they fled from a gunman raining down bullets from high above in the tower of the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino across the street. Survivors of the deadly mass shooting in Las Vegas on Sunday needed their cars to move on with their lives -- to get back to work, to school, home. It was the first time they were returning to a scene that would forever change them, when joy and celebration and music turned into killing and horror. Before they could move forward, they had to go back to the place where they thought they were going to die. Owen had run to her car to hide and had tried to drive away, but she couldn’t. People were running, bodies dropped to the ground, and cars bottlenecked in the parking lot. During a brief pause after more than 10 minutes of gunfire, she worried the lights of her SUV made everyone inside a shining target. “They’re shooting again!” her best friend’s brother screamed. “Turn off the car!” That’s when she got out and fled. “I just remember shutting the door and running,” Owen said. Now, nearly three days later, she was back, sitting in the driver’s seat of her SUV. Her eyes were swollen and red. This was a long way from over. “You just keep hearing the gunshots in your head,” Owen said. 【1】Why did Kassidy Owen return to the scene of terror? A.To get back her car for daily life. B.To show sympathy to the victims. C.To search for her missing friends. D.To look into the cause of the shooting. 【2】Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bottlenecked” in Paragraph 7? A.abandoned B.jammed C.stopped D.left 【3】Why did Owen keep hearing the gunshots in her head? A.Because she had escaped being caught. B.Because she wanted to find the gunman. C.Because she couldn’t rid herself of those terrible scenes. D.Because she had saved others’ lives by turning off the car. 【4】What is the best title of the passage? A.Going back to where they would die B.Owen’s experience in Las Vegas C.How to survive in a mass shooting D.Return to the unforgettable scene |
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The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is making rice farmers fight against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands. Located on the Mediterranean, just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent’s most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes, however, rising salinity (盐度) is hurting rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to play one enemy off against the other. The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner “Project Neurice” are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes. “The project has two sides,” says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona, “the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency.” Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Technologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums (水族馆) but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail’s presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. “The question is not whether it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when.” Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt tolerant rice they’ve bred. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe’s other two main rice-growing regions along the Po in Italy, and France’s Rhone. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization. As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome (基因组). 【1】Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage? A.It has great impact on the lives of Spanish rice farmers. B.It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history. C.Rice farmers there are engaged in another kind of battle of similar importance. D.Rice farmers there are experiencing the hardships of wartime. 【2】What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies? A.Striking the weaker enemy first. B.Killing two birds with one stone. C.Eliminating the enemy one by one. D.Using one evil to fight against the other. 【3】What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail? A.It can survive only on southern European wetlands. B.It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe. C.It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination. D.It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose. 【4】What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program? A.Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties. B.Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice. C.Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe. D.Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology. |
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| 4. 阅读理解 | 详细信息 |
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Types of Social Groups Life places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction -- and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship. People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links focused when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may mean working with, instead of against, competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance. Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups: we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups ; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions. A number of conditions enhance the likelihood that primary groups will arise. First, group size is important. We find it difficult to get to know people personally when they are milling about and dispersed in large groups. In small groups we have a better chance to initiate contact and establish rapport with them. Second, face - to - face contact allows us to size up others. Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings. And third, the probability that we will develop primary group bonds increases as we have frequent and continuous contact. Our ties with people often deepen as we interact with them across time and gradually evolve interlocking habits and interests. Primary groups are fundamental to us and to society. Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society because they transmit, mediate, and interpret a society’s cultural patterns and provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity. Primary groups, then serve both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them. 【1】According to Paragraph 1, which of the following statements is true of a relationship? A.It is a structure of associations with many people. B.It should be studied in the course of social interaction. C.It places great demands on people. D.It develops gradually over time. 【2】Which of the following can be inferred from the author’s claim in paragraph 4 that primary group relationships sometimes evolve out of secondary group relationships? A.Secondary group relationships begin by being primary group relationships. B.A secondary group relationship that is highly visible quickly becomes a primary group relationship. C.Sociologists believe that only primary group relationships are important to society. D.Even in secondary groups, frequent communication serves to bring people into close relationships. 【3】The phrase “size up” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “________”. A.enlarge B.evaluate C.impress D.accept 【4】This passage is developed primarily by ________. A.drawing comparisons between theory and practice B.presenting two opposing theories C.defining important concepts D.discussing causes and their effects |
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I still remember my first time going to the canteen. 【1】 because when I stepped onto the elevators, each one was full to the brim. However, people were laughing and talking. I followed the flow of the crowd to the doors of the canteen. Then I realized there was no emergency; It was just lunchtime. I found out very quickly that in China everyone takes lunch at the same time. Even the cafeteria followed this schedule, 【2】. When I stood in the doorway, I realized I had to act fast or I would be left behind. 【3】 Everyone lines up and takes a tray but instead of silverware, there are chopsticks and soup spoons. As I was pushed along the line, I saw dishes I didn’t recognize and as people cut in line and picked up dishes left and right. 【4】 I ended up going with a pork and cucumber dish and a tofu salad. I have been at my company for over a year and a half. I 【5】 I have learned what dishes I like, mostly by trial and error, and a lot of the workers know me and say hello. I am still getting used to eating lunch at “lunch time”, but I think the schedule definitely helps keep me on track during the day. I wish there was something like this at offices in my hometown. A.I was not very familiar with the local food or restaurants in China. B.only being open a few hours per day. C.I noticed things at lunchtime were a bit different. D.I felt that I needed to make some quick decisions. E.The canteen reminded me of my school lunch room. F.And now I am glad to say I am more confident in the canteen. G.I thought I had missed a fire drill or an emergency evacuation. |
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| 6. 完形填空 | 详细信息 |
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When I first came to Rochester from Austin, Texas — a place where fall is practically non-existent — I was excited for a real northern fall. But, I wasn’t ________ it to feel like Christmas in October. Regardless of this ________, and the adjustment period that I’m not entirely sure I’m ________, I am thankful to be somewhere that has a ________ fall. By “real” I ________ a distinctive season, a(n) ________ in the weather and a visual changing of the world around me. The leaves ________ colors, it rains more often, the air is almost always ________ and dry, and a light breeze ________ me to walk a bit faster to get inside. Yes, it is more difficult to be ________ outside in a Rochester fall — where it isn’t just “less hot” but ________, fairly cold. But, I would argue that time spent outside in this season could be more ________ than in the summer. Everyone ________ that fall is about change — I won’t argue against that. Things do ________ in the fall — the weather is ________ becoming worse and worse, the dying leaves become warmly colored, and ________ you know it, we’ll be back to having only eight hours of sunlight a day. This oncoming change is why I think it is so important to ________ fall. Fall is not just about the ________ of change, but also appreciating what will soon be ________. Go ________ this fall. Enjoy the leaves not because they are turning beautiful deep shades of orange and red, but because there will soon be no leaves in those branches at all. 【1】A. interested in B. exposed to C. ashamed of D. prepared for 【2】A. accident B. possibility C. shock D. motivation 【3】A. beyond B. against C. for D. after 【4】A. rare B. real C. hard D. strange 【5】A. take in B. pick up C. call back D. refer to 【6】A. shift B. conclusion C. improvement D. experience 【7】A. spoil B. keep C. turn D. avoid 【8】A. cold B. warm C. hot D. cozy 【9】A. prevents B. expects C. urges D. suspects 【10】A. grateful B. creative C. considerate D. comfortable 【11】A. luckily B. actually C. helpfully D. instantly 【12】A. terrible B. casual C. unpleasant D. valuable 【13】A. questions B. emphasizes C. recalls D. analyzes 【14】A. relax B. change C. harvest D. rest 【15】A. steadily B. hardly C. helpfully D. narrowly 【16】A. if B. since C. as D. before 【17】A. control B. describe C. appreciate D. hide 【18】A. process B. disadvantages C. fear D. result 【19】A. disappointing B. puzzling C. gone D. broken 【20】A. inside B. forward C. backward D. outside |
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Dear John, Thank you very much for inviting me to your house for dinner on this Friday evening. It has been a bong time since we last meet. I just can’t wait to see you. However, much to my regretful I cannot join them this time. The reason is why I will be fully occupied in preparing for an interview be held next week. Feeling terrible sorry for missing the chance to have a get-together with you, I hope we can fix other time to meet for dinner Will you available anytime in the week after next? If so, please call me and we can have the drink and chat. Sorry again. Yours sincerely, Jerry |
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假定你是李华，你所喜爱的Global Mirror周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见。请你依据以下内容给主编写封信，内容主要包括： 1. 说明你是该报的忠实读者 2. 赞赏该报优点： 1) 兼顾国内外新闻 2) 介绍名人成功故事 3. 提出建议： 刊登指导英语学习的文章 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ |
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