上海市七宝中学2021届高三9月月考英语免费试卷带答案和解析

1. 语法填空

详细信息

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A new study shows that 【1】(good) your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed up and decide you’ve had enough. The findings appear in the Journal of Consumer Research. Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. “Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of things 【2】 very different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs.” The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do with memories of past consumption. The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintings…like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream…or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs…or three pieces of classical music. Throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. “We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, which led to them 【3】(get) tired of the music or art more quickly. So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they’d experienced the music or art more often.” The findings suggest that marketers 【4】 cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick 【5】 into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it—it might help them have more fun. Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations 【6】 we give information or opinions, receive news or comment and very likely have our views 【7】(challenge) by other members of society. Face-to face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication 【8】(become) one of the dominating factors of current society. Two things, above others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has led to advances in printing, telecommunications, photography, radio and television. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications【9】 local news often takes a back seat to national news, which itself is often almost eclipsed (失去优势) by international news. No longer is the possession of information restricted to a wealthy minority. In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed fortunate, but today there are public libraries. Forty years ago, people used to go to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that 【10】(channel) into millions of homes…..

2. 短文填空

详细信息

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. You're trying your best to enjoy an evening cookout, but a constant swarm of mosquitoes follows you from grill to poolside. The threat? A pierce to your skin, leaving behind an itchy red welt and possibly even a serious illness. As you swat madly at the pests, you notice that others seem completely unbothered. Could it be that mosquitoes prefer to bite some people over others? The short answer is yes. Mosquitoes do 【1】 blood-sucking preferences, say the experts. "One in 10 people are highly attractive to mosquitoes," reports Jerry Butler, PhD, professor emeritus at the University of Florida. But it's not dinner they're sucking out of you. Female mosquitoes -- males do not bite people -- need human blood to develop 【2】 eggs. And apparently, not just anyone's will do. Who Mosquitoes Like Best? Although researchers have yet to 【3】 what mosquitoes consider an ideal hunk (大块) of human flesh, the hunt is on. "There's a tremendous amount of research being conducted on what compounds and odors people exude that might be attractive to mosquitoes," says Joe Conlon, PhD, technical advisor to the American Mosquito Control Association. With 400 different compounds to examine, it's an extremely laborious process. "Researchers are just beginning to 【4】 the surface," he says. Scientists do know that genetics 【5】 for an overwhelming 85% of our susceptibility to mosquito bites. They've also identified certain elements of our body chemistry that, when found in excess on the skin's surface, make mosquitoes swarm closer. "People with high 【6】 of steroids or cholesterol on their skin surface attract mosquitoes," Butler tells WebMD. That doesn't necessarily mean that mosquitoes prey on people with higher overall levels of cholesterol, Butler explains. These people simply may be more efficient at processing cholesterol, the byproducts of which remain on the skin's surface. Mosquitoes also 【7】 people who produce excess amounts of certain acids, such as uric acid, explains entomologist John Edman, PhD, spokesman for the Entomological Society of America. These substances can trigger mosquitoes' sense of smell, luring them to land on 【8】victims. But the process of attraction begins long before the landing. Mosquitoes can smell their dinner from a(n) 【9】 distance of up to 50 meters, explains Edman. This doesn't bode well for people who emit large quantities of carbon dioxide…..Luckily, there are chemical-based mosquito repellents and the soybean oil-based repellent that can help to keep the bite at【10】.

3. 完形填空

详细信息

I recently met a Texan couple whose son was still in diapers. They were seeking to get him into a preschool that ________ a private preparatory school with a great record for college admissions. The couple were ambivalent (uncertain) about doing this. They were from immigrant and working-class backgrounds, and had thrived in public schools. In theory, they believed that all children should have an equal chance to succeed. But I ________ that if they got their son a spot in the preschool, they’d take it. It’s a familiar story. Psychologists, sociologists and journalists have spent over a decade critiquing （评论；评判）the habits of “helicopter parents” and their school _________. They insist that hyper-parenting backfires — creating a generation of stressed-out kids who can’t ________ alone. Parents themselves alternate between feeling guilty, panicked and ridiculous. But a new research shows that in our unequal era, this kind of parenting brings life-changing benefits. According to the research, when inequality hit a low in the 1970s, there wasn’t that much of a gap between what someone earned with or without a college degree. Strict parenting ________ an era of “permissive parenting” — giving children lots of freedom with little oversight. In the 1980s, however, inequality increased sharply in Western countries, especially the United States, and the gap between white- and blue-collar pay widened. Permissive parenting was replaced by helicopter parenting. Middle- and upper-class parents who’d gone to public schools and spent evenings playing kickball in the neighborhood began elbowing their toddlers into fast-track preschools and spending evenings monitoring their homework and driving them to activities. American parents eventually increased their _________ caregiving by about 12 hours a week, compared with the 1970s. Not all the changes were rational. But________, the new parenting efforts seemed effective. When the researchers analyzed the 2012 PISA, an academic test of 15-year-olds around the world, along with reports from the teenagers and their parents about how they interact, they found that an “intensive parenting style” correlated with higher scores on the test. It’s not enough just to ________ over your kids, however. If you do it as an “authoritarian” parent — defined as someone who ________ directives, expects children to obey and sometimes hits those who don’t — you won’t get the full benefits. The most effective parents, according to the authors, are “authoritative.” They use reasoning to persuade kids to do things that are good for them. Instead of strict obedience, they emphasize _________, problem-solving and independence — skills that will help their offspring in future workplaces that we can’t even imagine yet. And they seem most successful at helping their kids achieve the holy grails(圣杯) of modern parenting: college and postgraduate degrees, which now have a huge financial payoff. The benefits aren’t just _________. In a British study, kids raised by authoritative parents reported better health and higher self-esteem. In the American study, they were less likely to use drugs, smoke or _________ alcohol. So why wouldn’t everyone just become a(n) ________ parent? Religious people, regardless of their income, are more likely to be authoritarian parents who expect obedience and believe in corporal punishment, the authors found. Working-class and poor parents might not have the leisure time to hover or the budget to pay for activities and expensive schools. And they may _______ feel that they need to prepare their children for jobs in which rule-following matters more than debating skills. Those who can afford to helicopter are probably making things even more unequal for the next generation. Since there’s apparently no ________ to how much people will do for their kids, the prognosis for parenting doesn’t look good. Yet another reason to elect people who’ll make America more equal: We grown-ups can finally stop doing homework. 【1】A.changes into B.feeds into C.turns into D.transforms into 【2】A.claimed B.doubted C.suspected D.questioned 【3】A.obsessions B.associations C.observations D.investigations 【4】A.mention B.action C.transition D.function 【5】A.objected to B.contributed to C.gave rise to D.gave way to 【6】A.hands-down B.hands-off C.hands-on D.hands-over 【7】A.for all the attention B.for the most part C.within defined areas D.under right supervision 【8】A.look B.hover C.take D.protect 【9】A.issues B.figures C.employs D.evaluates 【10】A.reliability B.probability C.regularity D.adaptability 【11】A.financial B.physical C.academic D.mental 【12】A.abuse B.refuse C.counter D.command 【13】A.permissive B.authoritative C.authoritarian D.helicopter 【14】A.neutrally B.formally C.rightly D.reluctantly 【15】A.link B.proof C.comparison D.limit

4. 阅读理解

详细信息

The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take. Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid. Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replace filter monthly or as needed. For central air conditioning systems and room air conditioners, look for the ENERGY STAR, the federal government’s symbol for energy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highest possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. (SEER) Use energy efficient ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning. Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air. When used with air conditioning, fans allow you to raise the thermostat and cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms, so before you leave, turn off the ceiling fan. Let a programmable thermostat “remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home to a comfortable house without wasting energy and creating pollution all day while you are at work. Try to make your home airtight enough to increase your comfort, make your home quieter and cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 percent. Cut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting leafy trees around your home and fixing reflective bricks on your roof. Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up. Turn off everything not in use: lights, TVs, computers. And use fluorescent bulbs, which provide bright, warm light while using at least two-thirds less energy, producing 70 percent less heat and lasting up to 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs. Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than £65 per year. Carpool. The average U.S. commuter could save about £260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two other people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. 【1】According to the passage, the thermostat is used to ________. A.make rooms quieter B.control room temperature C.turn off the air conditioner D.reduce room air pollution 【2】We can conclude from the passage that the author probably discourages _________. A.planting leafy trees around your home B.turning off the ceiling fan before you leave your house C.keeping your south-facing windows open during the day D.using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs 【3】According to the passage, you can save fuel by _______. A.using energy-efficient ceiling fans B.sharing cars with others on workdays C.turning off everything not in use D.reducing 10% of your car trips every year

5. 阅读理解

详细信息

Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies. The problem is not just what happens after publication — scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research — attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid. It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies. Reproducing other scientists’ analyses or replicating their results has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of “me-too” derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources — but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost — even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁). There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant. But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (“positive”) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions. 【1】What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet? A.Great achievements in medical research failed to get published. B.Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research. C.Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication. D.Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind. 【2】Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2? A.A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund. B.A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor’s advice. C.A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population. D.A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data. 【3】Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A.Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only. B.Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid. C.Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile. D.Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings. 【4】The purpose of this article is to ___________. A.argue that scientific research lacks efficiency B.explain the result of a recent scientific study C.introduce some recent progress in medical research D.highlight the possible problems of research studies

6.

详细信息

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. According to a new study just published in Psychological Science, any one person seen in a group just seems better looking than when viewed alone. The reason: human eyes average things out, and when it comes to faces, average is usually good. 【1】 Facial analysis studies show the symmetry(对称) is almost always regarded as prettier than asymmetry and the most beautiful faces are the ones on which eyes are no more or less than a certain distance apart, and the forehead, chin, cheeks and other features take up no more than a certain share of the whole. It’s the reason that models may be gorgeous but can prove awfully difficult to tell apart. “Perhaps,” says psychological scientist Drew Walker of the University of California, San Diego, in a statement that accompanied the release of the study, “beautiful people are all alike, but every unattractive person is unattractive in their own ways.” To test how that plays out in a group setting, Walker and his UCSD collaborator, psychological scientist Edward Vul, recruited 130 undergraduate students and showed them pictures of 100 different men and women. 【2】 Other times they were cut out to show just one face at a time. Still other times, the faces were taken out of context and arranged on a simple grid (网格) of either four, nine or 16 faces. Consistently, the researchers found, the sole shots were regarded as less attractive than the faces viewed in a group—whether in a real setting or on the grid. This was true regardless of the gender of the subjects and regardless of whether they would broadly be described as following most definitions of attractiveness or unattractiveness. 【3】 The explanation for the phenomenon, they believe, is the averaging effect and how it works. 【4】 “Individuals with complementary features—one person with narrow eyes and one person with wide eyes—would enjoy a greater boost in attractiveness when seen together, as compared to groups composed of individuals who have similar features,” Walker and Vul write. A. Both the gorgeous and non- gorgeous improved by being with other people. B. Sometimes the subjects in the pictures were shown as part of a three-person group. C. It turns out that people don’t even need to be in an actual group to look more attractive. D. It’s no secret that our definition of beauty is defined by a very clear set of physical norms. AB. A big nose in the company of a small nose does not look bigger still; rather, both noses move closer to the average. AC. While being average-looking might seem like a bad thing, the research suggests that’s not necessarily the case for attractiveness.

7.

详细信息

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then write an English summary within 60 words in your own words according to the passage given below. “Parents today want their kids spending time on things that can bring them success, but ironically, we’ve stopped doing one thing that’s actually been a proven predictor of success—and that’s household chores.” says Richard Rende, a developmental psychologist in Paradise Valley, Ariz., and co-author of the forthcoming book “raising Can-Do Kids”. Decades of studies show the benefits of chores--academically, emotionally and professionally. Giving children household chores at an early age helps to build a lasting sense of mastery, responsibility and independence, according to research by Marty Rossmann, professor at the University of Minnesota. In 2002, Dr. Rossmann analyzed data from a longitudinal(纵向的) study that followed 84 children across four periods in their lives--in preschool around ages 10 and 15, and in their mid-20s. She found that young adults who began chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to have good relationships with family and friends and to achieve academic and early career success and to be self-sufficient, as compared with those who didn’t have chores or who started them as teens. Chores also teach children how to be empathetic and responsive to others’ needs, notes psychologist Richard Weissbourd. In research, his team surveyed 10,000 high-school students and asked them to rank what they treasured more: achievement, happiness or caring for others. Almost 80% chose either achievement or happiness over caring for others. As he points out, however, research suggests that personal happiness comes most reliably not from high achievement but from strong relationships. “We’re out of balance,” says Dr. Weissbourd. A good way to start re-adjusting priorities, he suggests, is by learning to be kind and helpful at home. The next time that your child asks to skip chores to do homework, resist the urge to let him or her off the hook. Being slack(懈怠的) about chores when they compete with school sends your child the message that grades and achievement are more important than caring about others. What may seem like small messages in the moment add up to big ones over time.