上海市高三英语2019年下学期月考测验带参考答案与解析

1. 语法填空

详细信息

Birthday facts Many centuries ago, birthdays were considered a time when the bad spirits were able to harm you. It was believed that you should have your friends and family around you【1】 their good wishes and present-giving would keep the bad spirits away. People also believed that, by lighting candles, they were sending a signal or wishes to the gods. Later on, candles started 【2】 (use) on birthday cakes. One story about the beginnings of the birthday cake is【3】 it started with the Greeks, who made round cakes 【4】(represent) the full moon for their moon goddess . They also placed candles on the cake to make it light, again like the moon. However, the Germans are said to have first used cakes and candles. They used a sweet cake and they put a large candle in the centre of the cake to mean “the light of life”. The “Happy Birthday” song is more than a hundred years old. The music was written in 1893 by two sisters, Patty and Mildred Hill, 【5】 were schoolteachers in Louisville, Kentucky. The music was first used as a morning greeting to their students 【6】(entitle)“Good Morning To All”. In 1935, the words legally 【7】(belong) to the Hill sisters, and the copyright has been bought and sold for millions of dollars ever since. The present copyright is owned by Warner Communications. They bought it in 1989【8】 more than $22 million. ‘Happy Birthday to you’ 【9】 (recognize) around the world and has been translated into many different languages. And children still love to make new versions of 【10】.

2. 短文填空

详细信息

The following passage is from the Hitch-hiker’s Guide to the Galaxy’s by Douglas Adams. It is an important and 【1】 fact that things are not always what they seem. For instance, on the planet Earth, man has always 【2】that he was more intelligent than dolphins because he had achieved so much--- the wheel, New York, wars and so on—while all the dolphins had ever done was much about in the water having a good time. And vice versa; the dolphins had always believed they were far more intelligent than man—for 【3】 the same reason. Curiously enough, the dolphins had long known of the 【4】 destruction of the planet Earth, and had made many attempts to 【5】 mankind to the danger; but most of their【6】 were misinterpreted as amusing attempts to punch footballs or whistle for food, so they【7】 gave up and left the Earth shortly before the Vogons arrived. The last even dolphin message was misinterpreted as a(n) 【8】 difficult attempt to do a double-backwards somersault( 筋斗) through a hoop while whistling The Star-Spangled Banner, but in fact the message was this: So long and thanks for the fish. In fact there was only one species on the planet more intelligent than dolphins , and they spent a lot of time in research laboratories running around inside wheels and 【9】 frightening experiments on man. The fact that once again man completely misinterpreted this relationship was entirely according to the plans of these【10】.

3. 完形填空

详细信息

After staying at home one afternoon for a delivery of discounted sink that never came, Valentin Romanov, a Stockholm IT manager ,installed a special lock on his flat’s entrance. When no one is in, deliverymen unlock the door and slip packages inside. Four months on, Mr Romanov has _______ his spending online and says he cannot imagine life without in-home deliveries. These are sweet words for delivery firms and online retailers(零售商), Amazon included, that are setting up_______ with lock manufacturers to overcome a big hurdle for e-commerce. Traditional l deliveries fail so_______ that a parcel is driven to a home an average of 1.5 times in the Nordic region, says Kenneth Verlage, head of business development at PostNord, a logistics(物流) giant operating in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. It is an expensive _______ made worse, he says, by the fact that recipients have still often had to wait for a failed delivery. Some couriers leave packages on doorsteps, but this_______ theft. Of 1,000 Americans surveyed this year by Shorr, a packaging firm, nearly a third had been victims of “porch piracy”, as this is known. Two-fifths_______ certain online purchases for fear of it. A number of firms now sell wirelessly connected locks which a courier’s delivery staff can open using a passcode or smartphone app after the ________ has issued a temporary authorization, before leaving home or remotely. Deliveries are filmed with an indoor security camera paired with the lock. The short videos are sent to parcel addressees and typically ________, comically in Mr Romanov’s view, with a jiggle of the door handle from outside to show that the departing delivery person has locked up. Amazon began offering in-home deliveries in 37 American cities in November. Shoppers who have had a special_______ and camera installed (costing $199) can select in-home delivery at checkout. Like most firms offering the service, Amazon is tightlipped about user ______. The boss of August Home, a San Francisco maker of in-home delivery locks, says that already hundreds of thousands of delivery drivers, dog-walkers, cleaners and Airbnb guests use its app______ to enter others’ homes. Offerings are ________. In 2018 August Home will go to Australia and Britain, and PostNord will launch in-home delivery in four Nordic countries. Walmart and Sears have tried it; Sears even tested unattended appliance repairs. Five logistics firms and two Swedish supermarket chains are trying or using locks from Glue, a firm based in Stockholm, for in-home deliveries. ________ suspect these efforts will not amount to much. Plenty of _______ will be fearful about theft. Rhino Security Labs, a Seattle computer-security firm, claims it hacked into and shut off the video in one Amazon lock-and-camera system. In-home deliveries are incompatible with burglar alarms. And what if an improperly fenced-off dog or cat slips outside? Or an heirloom on display gets knocked over? These are ________ questions. But e-commerce firms have unlocked harder ones. 【1】A.doubled B.deleted C.checked D.decreased 【2】A.partnerships B.branches C.funds D.conferences 【3】A.occasionally B.unexpectedly C.miserably D.frequently 【4】A.development B.purchase C.tradition D.inefficiency 【5】A.records B.invites C.reduces D.commits 【6】A.avoid B.make C.control D.assess 【7】A.driver B.manager C.deliver D.resident 【8】A.start B.end C.disappear D.emerge 【9】A.door B.computer C.lock D.application 【10】A.experiences B.preferences C.numbers D.backgrounds 【11】A.illegally B.keylessly C.unknowingly D.fearfully 【12】A.threatening B.multiplying C.competing D.shrinking 【13】A.Designers B.Advocates C.Opponents D.Adopters 【14】A.consumers B.firms C.hackers D.producers 【15】A.unimportant B.general C.improper D.tricky

4. 阅读理解

详细信息

High above Earth, a multi-billion- dollar formation of communications satellites stands ready to instantly connect people like pilots and seamen to every available aid when they find themselves in emergency. But what if the communication computers on board these ships and aircrafts broke down? The world could go silent, and leave travelers looking for directions. Not worry. There is a backup plan, in part using technology that was invented in 1835, the year Mark Twain was born. It’s the Morse code, the language of dots and dashes that has survived the “ attack” of higher techonology for a century and half. Named after its inventor, Samuel F B Morse, the code is a series of combinations of short and long tones(dots and dashes) representing letters of the alphabet that can be transmitted(方法送) manually by a key operator. A telegrapher combines the dots and dashes to form letters and words. It is a seemingly tiring procedure, but skilled operators can transmit and receive faster than most secretaries can type. Morse telegraphy may seem weird and out of fashion, with its brass sounder and key operated by the world’s most basic tool, the human finger. However, it is sometimes vital to worldwide communications. When the Mexico City earthquake occurred in 1985 and all the power went off, calls for help were transmitted in Morse by an amateur radio operator. “We see the Morse code as a dying art, but we refuse to let it die completely,” says Major General Leo M Childs, the US Army’s Chiefs Signal Officer. “ Newer isn’t always better. Even though it is old and slow, Morse is still the most reliable in difficult conditions.” Ever since Morse started the telegraph service in 1844, the death of Morse code has been predicted regularly. However, although the telegraph has receded from public view, experts say that they cannot envision an end to its use any time soon. “ I can carry a very small Morse key in my pocket and transmit around the world,” says Burke Stinson, a public relations man for American Telephone & Telegraph Co. “ I don’t think you will ever see the Morse code die. It is going to be difficult to find another method that is as flexible and reliable.” 【1】Why does the writer mention the possibility of satellite-based communication systems failing? A.To compare Morse to communication satellites. B.To underlined the importance of a reliable alternative. C.To suggest that satellite communications are unreliable. D.To emphasize the weaknesses of satellites communications. 【2】What can be learned about the process of communications using Morse Code? A.It involved more than transmitting tones. B.It is difficult even for experienced users. C.It is not as laborious as people think. D.It is simple enough for anyone who can type. 【3】In the third paragraph, what does the writer imply about the use of Morse Code? A.It attracts many enthusiasts thought old-fashioned. B.It is most useful to the armed forces and some hobbyists. C.It has been brought to life again by amateur radio operators. D.It can be the only way to communicate during a crisis. 【4】Which of the following might the best title of the passage? A.Dots and Dashes Still Alive B.A New Age for Morse Code C.The Evolution of Morse Telegraphy D.Samuel F. B Morse : Father of the Morse Code

5. 阅读理解

详细信息

Read the following passage about four apps. 1. Start Walking Path This app was created by the American Heart Association to encourage people to walk more to stay fit. It makes it easy for you to find or create and then share nice walks wherever you are. For example, imagine you take a walk through a park on your way home from work one day. You can map your walk using this app and share it with your friends and coworkers so they can enjoy it too. Or you can search a new area to see if anyone else has posted a nice walk. 2. Weigh What Matters. This app was created by the American Medical Association to make it easy for patients to set healthy goals and then keep track of their progress. The app tracks three areas: weight, nutrition, and physical activity. Users record what they weight, what they eat, and how much exercise they get. From this information, a progress report is created and emailed to the patient’s doctor. If patients are not getting enough exercise, their doctors can encourage them to work out more often. 3. My Fitness Pal This app allows you to easily keep track of everything you eat and shows you the calories you are consuming. You can also keep track of or find recipes for healthy meals. And it has links to discussion boards where you can get support from other people who are trying to lose weight. 4. Sleep Cycle This app watches you while you sleep. It then teaches you about your sleep patterns. You can then use the information to change your pattern if necessary in order that you can sleep better. Here’s how it works. You places your phone on your bed, near your pillow. Then just go to sleep—you phone keeps track of your movement and breathing during the night. It records this information in an easy-to- read graph that shows you how much you move and how often and when you wake up during the night. It also choose the best time to wake you up so that you have a peaceful start to your day. 【1】What do the four apps have in common? A.They are all apps to enable users to socialize. B.They are all apps to help users become healthier. C.They are all apps to ensure users have a good sleep. D.They are all apps to encourage users to take exercise. 【2】Which pair of apps allow users to record what they eat? A.Start Walking Path and Weigh What Matters B.Weigh What Matters and My Fitness Pal C.Sleep Cycle and Start Walking Path D.My Fitness Pal and Sleep Cycle 【3】Which of the following is a function of Sleep Cycle? A.It can serve as an alarm clock. B.It is connected to the user’s doctor. C.It keeps track of the user’s brain activity. D.It wakes the users up if he doesn’t sleep well

6. 阅读理解

详细信息

“YOU may smile, but it will come,” said Henry Ford in 1940, predicting the arrival of a machine that was part-automobile and part-aeroplane. For decades flying cars have obsessed technologists but eluded their mastery. Finally there is reason to believe. Several firms have offered hope that flying people in small pods for short trips might become a reality in the next decade. These are not cars, as most are not fit to drive on land, but rather small vehicles, which can rise and land vertically, like quiet helicopters. There are at least a dozen firms experimenting with making small flying vehicles in different guises, including Airbus, an aerospace giant, in partnership with Italdesign Giugiaro, a division of Volkswagen, a carmaker. Many plan to have a certified pilot in command at the beginning and then move on to an autonomous set-up when regulations allow. No matter which manufacturer is quickest to gain velocity, Uber, a ride-hailing firm, aims to be at the centre of things. On April 25th it held an event in Dallas to announce its plan to offer a service where people can hail an electric “vertical takeoff and landing” vehicle and ride it quickly to destinations that would otherwise take hours in heavy traffic. Uber does not want to build these aircraft or landing pads itself, just as it does not own its own cars. Instead, it plans to collaborate with other companies. But Jeff Holden, Uber’s chief product officer, does not exclude the possibility that the firm may at the outset own some aircraft, which he estimates will cost around $1m each. The firm plans to have a prototype of its service ready by 2020. It will launch it first in Dallas and in Dubai, both cities where the authorities have deep aviation expertise and where people commute long distances. The firm rather optimistically promises that the cost per aerial mile for passengers will be roughly that of its low-cost car service, UberX. There is plenty for manufacturers and services like Uber to overcome beyond gravity. For battery-powered models, range is limited and the charging rate remains slow. Manufacturers will need to ensure that vehicles can take off and land quietly, if this new form of transport is to stand a chance in cities. How to oversee and license the new aircraft, which are subject to much tougher rules than cars, will be a subject of intense debate among rule-makers, who tend to move slowly and are just getting to grips with drones. Drivers of flying vehicles are also likely to require a pilot’s license, albeit perhaps a simplified “sports” license. The journey ahead will be a long one. 【1】By “ eluded their mastery” ( paragraph 1) , the author means that ___________. A.technologists were unable to make flying cars a reality. B.Flying cars were what technologists knew well. C.technologists found it feasible to produce flying cars. D.flying cars used to be something too good to be true. 【2】What can be learned about Uber from the passage? A.It is looking for some substitute for Uber X. B.It doesn’t own any car or aircraft at present. C.It has launched its flying car service in Dubai D.It plans to cut down on passengers’ pay for rides. 【3】The phrase “ getting to grips with” ( in the last paragraph) is closest in meaning to ___________. A.getting along well with B.realizing the need to produce C.becoming aware of the harm of D.starting to take action to deal with 【4】According to the writer, what problem do manufacturers need to solve concerning flying cars? A.The noise they may make B.The high cost of its production C.The lack of popularity among users. D.The effect that they have on the environment.

7.

详细信息

AI that Sees like Humans For most of the past 30 years computer-vision technologies have struggled to perform well, even in tasks as boring as accurately recognizing faces in photographs. 【1】. Companies are already selling products that exploit the technology, which is likely to take over or assist in a wide range of jobs that people now perform. Recent progress in a deep- learning approach known as a convolutional neural network(CNN) is key to the latest progress. 【2】 While human can easily distinguish between a cat and a dog, CNNS allow machines to categorize specific breeds more successfully than people can. CNNS do not need to be programmed to recognized specific features in images--- for example, the shape and size of an animal’s ears. 【3】 To train a CNN to separate an English springer spaniel (斯柏林格斯班尼犬) from a Welsh one, for instance , you start with thousands of images of animals, including examples of both breeds. Like most deep-learning networks, CNNS are organized in layers. In the lower layers, they learn simple shapes and edges from the images. In the higher layers, they learn complex and abstract concepts--- in this case, the more detailed aspects of ears, tails, tongues, fur textures, and so on. CNNS were made possible by the tremendous progress in graphic processing units and parallel processing in the past decade. But the Internet has made a big difference as well by feeding CNNs’ appetite for digitized images. 【4】 The technology is making self-driving cars safer by enhancing the ability to recognize pedestrians. Insurers are starting to apply these tools to assess damage to cars. In the security camera industry, CNNS are making it possible to understanding crowd behavior, which will make public places and airport safer. A. Once trained, a CNN can easily decide whether a new image of an animal shows a breed of interest. B. Instead, they are taught to spot features such as these on their own. C. Recently, though, breakthroughs in deep learning have finally enabled computers to interpret many kinds of images as successfully as , or better than , people do. D. To give a simple example of its power, consider image of animals. E. Computers-vision systems powered by deep learning are being developed for range of applications. F. It excels because it is better able to learn, and draw inferences from telling patterns in the images

8.

详细信息

Summary Writing Are Emails and Text Messages Destroying the language? Technology has undoubtedly brought about a revolution in communication. Most people would agree that this has been a positive development. Recently, however, there has been concern over the negative effect that modern methods of communications are having on the English language. On one hand, the increasing use of e-mails and text message is changing the way we use grammar. By this in mean that certain words are dropped in order to keep message short. In my view, this cannot be avoided. In a text message, for instance, there is neither the time nor the space to write complete sentences. The same applies to e-mails, which are supposed to be a shorter, more direst form of communications. In both cases, the need to be brief often means that the grammar is changed in some way. On the other hand, it is fashionable nowadays to shorten the spelling of words, particularly in text message. One example of this is when people write ‘CU later’ instead of ‘see you later’. To purists or to it simply shows that the language is changing in much the same way as it has done for centuries. In my opinion, writing English correctly is not so important as getting the message across. If, for example, you send someone an e-mail or a text message telling them to meet you in a specified place at a certain time, making yourself understood is much more important than your grammar and spelling. As far as I am concerned, we should allow a certain amount of flexibility. Not everyone has a perfect command of the language but that should not stop them from being able to communicate. To sum up, the effect that e-mails and text messages are having on written English is a significant one. This may , in the future, result in major changes to the language. However, we should not let rules get in the way of communication. After all, isn’t that the reason language was developed in the first place--- so that we could communicate?

9. 翻译	详细信息
Translation 【1】让我们先来看一个有趣的事实吧。（touch） 【2】我从没想到原来是电话号码错了。（ occur） 【3】这套公寓还不错， 但是和我们以前住的房子相比，那就差远了。（compare） 【4】令这位植物学家惊讶的是，她竟然在这座小山上发现了一种被认为已经灭绝的植物。（which）

10. 书面表达

详细信息

假设你是启光中学的学生李跃华，你在学校公众号（public platform）上看到一张志愿者招募启事。请根据启事的要求，写一封邮件（邮件中不得提到自己的真实姓名和学校），就启事中的三个活动任选其一，申请一份，申请一份志愿者工作。 打卡！校园开放日招募志愿者啦----- 启光中学 今天 学校将于2019年1月1日举办校园开放日，以增进家校沟通、宣传学校办学成果。 先就活动方案，招募志愿者。 活动一； 拓展课（expansive course） 介绍 活动二： 社团（society） 活动展示 活动三： 学习经验分享 有意者请给校长室发邮件并告知： 1）你想报名参加的志愿活动 2）你参加这项志愿活动的理由。 3）你可以为该活动做些什么 联系方式： 2019campus-open-day@qmschool.cn 2018年12月19日 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________