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Every day, people come into contact with thousands of chemicals. These chemicals are said to be harmless to human health. In fact, the chemicals are considered so safe that we wash with them. We put them on our bodies and even our faces. Other chemical products are used throughout our homes. By the time you walk out of your front door, you have already been exposed to thousands of chemicals. On its own, each chemical seems harmless. But in combination with other chemicals, they may become deadly. That is the finding of a two - year study by a high - profile task force of scientists. The task force was told to investigate the cancer - causing possibility of chemical mixtures. Linda Gulliver was one of the 174 scientists on the task force. Their job was to study the cancer - causing potential of 85 chemicals. All 85 are said to be common in the environment. Ms. Gulliver explains that chemicals have the potential or ability to form dangerous mixtures. Even simple minerals can become dangerous when mixed with chemicals found in plastics or beauty products. Working in groups, the scientists explored how different chemical mixtures could lead to cancer. Ms. Gulliver’s team looked at the ability of different combinations to support the increase of malignant human cells. She says the current way to identify whether chemicals cause cancer is to test them one at a time. This method leads, she adds, to a long list of supposedly “safe” chemicals. She and her team say that approach needs to change. “We definitely need certain research to find out what mixtures of chemicals would be more harmful than others; what groups of chemicals, when together, would produce more harmful effects. And at the moment, that is not known.” An estimated one in five cancers has been linked to chemical exposure. It may turn out that the cancer -causing villain is not a single chemical at all. 【1】What effect may one single chemical have on us according to the text? A.It may destroy our body. B.It may not cause danger to us. C.It may let us suffer from cancer. D.It may let our body make a change. 【2】What does the underlined word “malignant” mean? A.friendly B.specific C.harmful D.kind 【3】According to the text, we can infer that the study A.is just wasting time and money B.is still in need of great efforts C.will cause panic in public D.will be resisted by the public 【4】What is the best title for the text? A.Mixtures of Safe Chemicals May Cause Cancer B.Being Exposed to One Chemical Is Safe C.How Mixtures of Safe Chemicals become dangerous D.The Real Cause For Cancer |
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| 2. 阅读理解 | 详细信息 |
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We were on our way home from Houston one Saturday morning. We decided to stop at a local gas station to get coffee and something to snack on since it was a good hour and a half before we got home. When we were done, we got back into our car and before I started it, we noticed a man standing outside in front of the building. He was a homeless man with worn clothes and it looked like he had gone in and gotten himself some coffee or something warm to drink since it was cold this time of the year. He must have not had enough money to get something to eat. Then a dog walked up to the front of the building. I could tell she was a “she”, because you could tell that she had baby dogs. She was terribly in need of something to eat and I felt so bad for her. I knew if she didn’t eat soon, she and her baby dogs would not make it, Me and my wife sat there and looked at her. We noticed that people walked by and didn’t even pet her, like most people do when they walk by an animal in front of a store. We still did not do anything. But the homeless man, who I thought did not buy himself anything to eat, went back into the store. And what he did brought tears to me and my wife. He had gone into the store and with what money he may have had, bought a can of dog food and fed that dog. This story plays a great part in our lives. You see, that was Mother’s Day weekend. And a lot of people forget that some animals are parents too. It took a homeless man, to show me what I should have done. He made me a better man that day. 【1】The homeless man only had something to drink because ________. A.he felt cold that day B.he was thirsty only C.the store only provided drinks D.he didn’t have enough money for food 【2】Seeing what the poor man did for the dog, the author and his wife ________. A.were puzzled B.were indifferent. C.were greatly moved D.regretted they hadn’t done anything 【3】If the homeless man hadn’t given the dog food to eat, she and her babies would ________. A.not have to die B.not survive C.have to attack people D.lose their homes |
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| 3. 阅读理解 | 详细信息 |
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A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species. The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants — the Asian elephant, African forest elephant and African savanna elephant. Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石), mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them with DNA from modem elephants. They found to their amazement that modem forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths. The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists. There’s long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species. Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species despite the elephants’ significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 meters while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 meters. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However, the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA. Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purposes. Since 1950 all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先)for conservation purposes.” 【1】The underlined word “divergence” in Paragraph 4 means ________. A.evolution B.separation C.exhibition D.examination 【2】The researcher’s conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant’s ________. A.population B.height C.weight D.DNA 【3】What do Alfred Roca’s words focus on? A.The conversation of African elephants. B.The purpose of studying African elephants. C.The reason for the distinction of African elephants. D.The way to divide African elephants into two units. 【4】Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A.Naturalists’ Belief about Elephants. B.Amazing Experiments about Elephants. C.An Unexpected Finding about Elephants. D.A Long scientific Debate about Elephants. |
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| 4. 其他阅读题型 | 详细信息 |
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根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Win a High School Election If you plan on running for student office, you want to know how to win a high school election.【1】 You need to consider the following key elements (要素) of an election. ■Learn About Your School. Before you can be an official for your class, you will need to know about your class and the school as a whole. You can’t make a difference if you don’t know what to change.【2】. ■Get involved (参与) before winning the election. If you want to make changes to some of the rules in the school’s policy, you’ll have to get official support of the school. Ask to join in on meetings with school officials. It’s also a good idea to get to know some of the parents of the students who will vote for you. You can do this by attending PTA meetings.【3】 Ask questions and voice your opinion so you stand out. ■Get to know your voters. 【4】 And try to make good first impressions on them. Be careful though, you don’t want to seem fake (假装的) because then people won’t vote for you. Simply say hello and let people know you are running for whatever office you choose. If they seem interested in you, continue the conversation, if not, back off. Being pushy is another thing that will lose you votes. 【5】 Just as confidence is very important during your presentation (展示), it also plays an important role every day. Stand tall, smile, and be friendly. Have fun with your election because students want someone who is real and friendly. A. Let yourself shine. B. Meet as many high school students as possible. C. While at these meetings, don’t be a passive attendee. D. Get started on how to win a high school election. E. Write a speech about what you would like to see changed. F. Read the student guidebook about the history as well as present rules for the school G. Putting up posters and relying on your popularity isn’t enough to make sure that you will win. |
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| 5. 完形填空 | 详细信息 |
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Abraham Pais did business m the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his _______ and traveling. Then, after returning to the United States from a _______ trip to the former Soviet Union, Mr Pais got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the _______ of its strength on the trip, a change began to take place _______ him. The material between his bones became _______. In less than one week after his return, he could not _______. Every move that he _______ was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told him that they did not know how to cure Mr. Pais’ problem and he might never _______ over the illness. Mr. Pais, however, refused to give up _______. Mr. Pais thought that ________ thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. ________, he felt that happy thoughts or ________ might cure his illness. He began to ________ on himself while still in the hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Pais quickly found that 10 minutes of real laughter during the ________ gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night. ________ the doctors could not help him, Mr. Pais left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where lie could ________ his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Pais rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping ________ he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well ________ to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for ________. After a few months, Mr. Pais returned to work. He had laughed himself back to ________. 【1】A.time B.work C.sleep D.holiday 【2】A.boring B.pleasant C.dangerous D.tiring 【3】A.top B.degree C.limit D.problem 【4】A.from B.around C.beside D.inside 【5】A.weak B.ill C.false D.painful 【6】A.speak B.breathe C.see D.stand 【7】A.made B.did C.took D.gave 【8】A.look B.turn C.get D.think 【9】A.effort B.treatment C.hope D.arrangement 【10】A.foolish B.unhappy C.funny D.unusual 【11】A.Instead B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise 【12】A.sleep B.travel C.laughter D.television 【13】A.rescue B.operate C.try D.experiment 【14】A.day B.week C.month D.year 【15】A.Promising B.Deciding C.Doubting D.Recognizing 【16】A.invent B.begin C.continue D.prove 【17】A.until B.whenever C.unless D.so that 【18】A.soon B.completely C.slowly D.enough 【19】A.exercise B.illness C.rest D.pleasure 【20】A.power B.sense C.health D.happiness |
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| 6. 语法填空 | 详细信息 |
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Access to electricity has always been limited for people living in Nuevo Saposoa,【1】remote village in Peru. However, things went from bad to【2】(bad)in March 2015 after a flood damaged the power station in the area. The villagers【3】(force)to turn to kerosene(煤油)lamps, which are not only expensive but give off poisonous matter. Fortunately, the researchers and students at the UTEC in Lima, Peru heard about it and came up with a【4】 (create)idea. They designed a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil, both of【5】can be found in the Amazonian rainforests where the village【6】(lie). Called Plantalamparas, the lights draws energy from a plant 【7】(grow)in the rainforests and uses it to light up an LED bulb. So far, the bulbs have been a huge success. This is not the first time the students and professors of UTEC【8】(come)up with a clever approach 【9】a problem. In 2014,【10】(deal)with Peru’s severe air pollution they created a large advertising board that could be used as an air purifier(净化器)as well. |
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| 7. 改错 | 详细信息 |
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Last week our class voted what to do about our class outing: visiting Yanghu Park or going to the zoo. Our girls wanted to go to Yanghu Park. And since we were in the minority, we lose to the boys, who all wanted to go to the zoo. We got the admission rate for students, which was greatly since I still had enough money to buy a brochure about the park as well as anything at the souvenir shops. The animal were scary but really amusing. As we were taking the pictures, we could see the eyes of many creatures look out at us. Most of the animals there sleep when there is sunny and wake up at night. |
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| 8. 书面表达 | 详细信息 |
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假如你是艾怀依，你的美国网友David给你写信，询问近年来多次袭击中国华北的雾霾情况。请你给他写封回信，感谢他的关注，简述雾霾的危害并谈谈你的看法。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 4. 参考词汇：雾霾smog。 Dear David, I’m glad to receive your letter. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Ai Huaiyi |
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