2018年至2019年高三4月质量检测英语免费试卷（上海市建平中学）
| 1. 语法填空 | 详细信息 |
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Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Does City Living Hurt Mental Health? People often move to cities 【1】 better jobs and more cultural activities. But are they putting 【2】 at risk? Maybe. Experts at the American Psychiatry Association say that “natural environments or green spaces” do much for good our mental health and 【3】 (experience) nature helps people recover from the mental tiredness that comes from day-to-day work. On the other hand, 【4】 they cannot say exactly why, mental health experts say some research suggests that city living might hurt our mental health. Andrea Mechelli is a doctor with the Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College, London. “There have been studies 【5】 people were taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment, and their symptoms would improve. And we also see that the greater the city the greater the risk.” Kings College researchers, along with city planners and land and building designers hoped 【6】 (learn) more about city living and mental illness. So, they created a smartphone app called Urban Mind. They say they wanted to understand 【7】 different parts of the urban environment affect mental wellbeing. The Urban Mind app 【8】 your experience of city living in the moment. Researchers collected real time information from 108 people, who answered just over 3,000 questions during a one-week period. The researchers found that being outdoors, seeing trees, hearing birdsong, seeing the sky, and feeling in contact with nature 【9】(associate) with higher levels of mental well-being.They also found that these seeming effects of nature were especially strong in those individuals at greater risk of mental health problems. The Urban Mind Project team says it hopes “the results will inform future urban planning and social policy 【10】(intend) to improve design and health.” |
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| 2. 短文填空 | 详细信息 |
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Cryptocurrencies, also digital currencies, are under the microscope as never before. On Tuesday the blockchain （区块链）supporting bitcoin （比特币）is 【1】 in two, as members of the bitcoin community unhappy with the digital currency’s direction set up a(n) 【2】 called Bitcoin Cash. However, Bitcoin Cash will likely only be worth a part of bitcoin. The original digital currency is 【3】 at around $2,778,39, but future values for Bitcoin Cash are just $ 288.35, or 0.103 of a bitcoin. Last week the Russian national Alexander Vinnik, who【4】 cheated early adopters of millions of pounds’ worth of bitcoins, including funds obtained from the hack （非法侵入）of failed bitcoin exchange Mt Gox, was arrested in Greece. Vinnik was described by the US Department of Justice as the operator of BTC-e, an exchange used to trade bitcoin since 2011, which was used to transfer more than $4bn for people involved in crimes.Greeek police claimed that the 38-year-old was “an internationally 【5】 ‘mastermind’ of a crime organistation”. US authorities also linked him to the failure of Mt Gox, the Japan-based bitcoin exchange that 【6】 in 2014 after being hacked. Vinnik “obtained” funds from the hack and transferred them through BTC-e and Tradehill, another San Francisco-based exchange he owned, according to court documents. The Russian authorities have become progressively concerned about potential for digital currencies to be used for illegal means, but remain 【7】 about whether it is a currency or a financial property. Elvira Nabiullina, governor of the Russian central bank, he said it should be 【8】 as a digital property. “We don’t consider that bitcoin can be considered as a(n) 【9】 currency,” she told CNBC. But the country’s deputy finance minister, Alexey Moiseev, recently said the authorities hoped to recognise bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies as a legal financial instrument next year in a (n) 【10】 to handle Vinnik-style money transferring. |
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| 3. 完形填空 | 详细信息 |
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Online deception is now so commonplace that criminal gangs are using it as part of a wider range of activities to make money out of the public. “There’s been a rapid normalisation of online as people see how _____ it can be. You see the industry adjusting to fight against that,” says Downey, security lead at payment company Braintree. This was made _____ in May this year when there was an unparalleled attack on thousands of computer systems around the world, after a worm, named WannaCry, attacked computers in more than 150 countries, with payments of $300-$600 to restore access. There were an estimated 45,000 attacks across the UK, Russia, Ukraine, India, China, Italy, Egypt and beyond, with major companies _____. One of the reasons these attacks spread so ______ is that businesses and consumers don’t update their software on a regular basis. Downey _____ it to a situation in which a car is left in a garage and a thief tries all of the doors to see if one has been left unlocked: “People don’t realize they are leaving that proverbial car unlocked because they don’t understand the nature of these _____attacks.” At the heart of the problem is the ___of organized crime. “Criminals can also be an expert at business. They don’t want just one trick to bring in all of their income; it may be _____, they may have a slow month and then they’ll have a cashflow problem,” says Downey. Hacks and the threat of information theft have led to a(n)_____ of e-commerce among some of the population, says Downey. To fight that unease, simple measures need to be adopted by retailers(零售商) in order to maintain the public’s trust.______, this can be achieved by ensuring they create a trustworthy environment for consumers, such as by serving websites through SSL, which establishes a secure and connection between the ______ and business. But for both businesses and consumers, one simple thing remains ______: those who can keep both their security up to date and their passwords secure will be ahead of the crowd, says Downey. “You will then be far ahead of the curve of the average business or consumer.” So don’t use variations of one password on lots of _____. If criminals hack a database with your log-in permit, they will then be able to ____ your passwords on other accounts. Make sure your passwords have lots of characters and include numbers, symbols and capital letters.______ obvious dictionary words, and importantly make each of your passwords completely different. 【1】A.boring B.profitable C.dangerous D.surprising 【2】A.evident B.mysterious C.peculiar D.infectious 【3】A.updated B.transformed C.established D.infected 【4】A.moderately B.easily C.cautiously D.gradually 【5】A.compares B.implies C.devotes D.limits 【6】A.personal B.targeted C.random D.surprising 【7】A.variety B.timing C.punishment D.detection 【8】A.thrown away B.take in C.shut down D.carried out 【9】A.exhaustion B.result C.disappearance D.mistrust 【10】A.For example B.By comparison C.What’s more D.In summary 【11】A.hacker B.customer C.retailer D.website 【12】A.unchanged B.varying C.unpredictable D.avoidable 【13】A.curves B.characters C.dictionaries D.accounts 【14】A.record B.suspend C.crack D.ruin 【15】A.Investigate B.Consult C.Avoid D.Guarantee |
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| 4. 阅读理解 | 详细信息 |
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I went climbing with a millennial(千禧一代).She is younger, fitter, braver and more energetic. I am good at getting discouraged, having a rest and giving advice from the sidelines. She will cling(附着于)on to a wall like a small monkey trying to escape certain death, while I will get near the top, realize how high that is and lose my nerve. Together we could make an impressive（感人的；令人钦佩的） team, me at the bottom of the wall, going, "That's great, try using your feet one by one. Oh...What did you do that for?" And her going, "Shall we try that again so we've actually done it? Do you think we should have warmed up first?" Climbing muscles, being the same as regular muscles, are use-it-or-lose-it. I climbed more often before I did the crazy running activity and used to think of the green runs at my local center as being for children, or for a warm-up. Now I find them extremely hard, and the purple is my top-of-the-tree, when in fact they are both for beginners, really. I suspect the millennial of avoiding the blue-with-red-spots just so as to not show me up. It wasn't her first time climbing, but she wasn't registered at the center, so she had to go through a process that sounds threatening: watching a video and answering questions on it (the answers are always "I am responsible for my own safety in the center" and Holds may spin"). In an older person-me, for instance-any activity that starts with a reflection on your own death is a little low-energy, whereas she seemed quite excited by it. We both laughed at each other's clothing: she accused me of having, a pink T-shirt which seemed too lovely for me, while she was dressed to be a labourer. The moral is that you can basically wear anything while you climb. It's not like running, where the ill-dressed are chased from the area by a thousand eyes. 【1】We learn from Paragraph 1 that the author and the millennial . A.know each other very well B.try to learn how to escape death C.form a sharp contrast D.make a team that beats others 【2】By “climbing muscles, being the same as regular muscles, are use-it-or-lose-it” the author means______. A.climbing does good to muscles B.climbing needs practicing regularly C.climbing muscles are as useful as other muscles D.climbing muscles won’t be lost even if not used 【3】The question the millennial was required to answer were admitted to . A.let the climbers realize the climbing might be dangerous B.give the climbers another approach to think of death C.warn the climbers against loss of energy in the process D.remind the climbers of the importance of registration 【4】According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A.Climbers need to wear special clothes. B.Ill-dressed runners stand out improperly. C.Climbers need to get a certificate before climbing. D.The author and millennial like making fun of others. |
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| 5. 阅读理解 | 详细信息 | |||||
With its subtle(微妙的)rules on tipping and not-so-subtle rules about carrying ID,Las Vegas is better enjoyed after a little research.This smart booklet will save you the bother.
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| 6. 阅读理解 | 详细信息 |
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Psychopaths, by definition, have problems understanding the emotions of other people, which partly explains why they are so selfish and why they commit violent crimes at up to three times the rate of other people. But curiously, they seem to have no difficulty in understanding what other people think, want, or believe."Their behavior seems to suggest that they don't consider the thoughts of others," says ArielleBaskin-Sommers from Yale University, but their performance on experiments suggests otherwise. When they hear a story and are asked to say what a character is thinking, they can. On the face of it, this makes sense: Here are people who can understand what their victims are thinking but just don't care. Hence their actions. But Baskin-Sommers found that there's more to their minds than it seems. Bakin-Sommers managed to persuade a maximum-security prison in Connecticut to let her work with their prisoners. First, Baskin-Sommers administered a standard test to 106 male prisoners from the Connecticut prison to assess psychopathy. Of them, 22 proved to be psychopaths, 28 were not, and the rest fell in a gray zone. After assessing the 106 volunteers, she then gave them a computer-based task. They saw a picture of a human avatar (化身) in prison uniforms, standing in a room and facing either right or left. There were either two red dots on the wall in front of the avatar, or one dot in front of it and one dot behind it, The prisoners’ job was to figure out how many dots either they or the avatar could see. Normally, people can accurately say how many dots the avatar sees, but they're slower if there are dots behind the avatar. Thar's because what they see (two dots) affects their ability to see through the avatar's eyes(one dot), This is called egocentric interference. But they're also slower to say how many dots they can see if that number differs from the avatar's count. People are automatically affected by the avatar's perspective, even when it hurts their own performance. This is called altercentic interference. Baskin-Sommers found that the psychopathic prisoners showed the usual level of egocentric interference-that is, their own perspective was muscling in on the avatar's, But they showed much less altercentric interference than the other prisoners- the avatar's perspective wasn't messing with their own, as it would for most other people. Of course, not all psychopaths are the same, and they vary considerably in their behavior. But Baskin-Sommers also found fhat the higher their score on the psychopathy assessment test, the less they were affected by what the avatar saw. And the less affected they were, the more charges they had on their record. To her, the results show that psychopaths do not automatically take the perspective of other people. That helps to explain why they behave so cruelly and even violently. 【1】What does "otherwise" (in paragraph 2) refer to ? A.Pychopaths' behavior is not worth studying B.Psychopaths can understand others' thoughts C.Psychopaths have trouble knowing about others. D.Psychopaths' perfomance on experiments is unbelievable 【2】Baskin-Sommers's research with the prisoners involved. A.asking them to say the number of the dots they or the avatar could see B.reading their medical records to see whether they were psychopaths. C.requiring them to figure out which avatar messed in with them D.decreasing the effect of the avatar on their performance 【3】What can be inferred from the results of Baskin Sommers's work the prisoners? A.It's more difficult for psychopaths to work out what they themselves are thinking about. B.Egocentric interference are more related to criminal acts than altercentric imerference. C.People showing more altercentric interference are less likely to be psychopaths. D.Psychopaths tend to be affected by the avatar to the same degree. 【4】Which of the following might be the best title of this passage? A.Varieties of Psychopaths B.How Psychopaths See the World C.Psychopaths and Their Perspectives D.Why Psychopaths Need More Understanding |
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| 7. | 详细信息 |
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Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.. One day, an American was driving, too fast, in the west of Ireland when he was pulled over by a police officer. “what would happen if you were to run into Mr Fog?" the officer asked angry in his thick Irish accent. Annoyed by the police officer’s manners, the American replied,”【1】” The officer stared at him strangely and said,” I said fog.” For one moment, the American, who happens to be anthropology(人类学家), thought he had come across those who liked personifying aspects of the weather.【2】 People in Britain do not usually say “I appreciate it,” have a hard time, reach out to other people, stay focused, ask to be given a break, refer to the bottom line or get blown away. The word ”scary,” as opposed to “frightening “or "alarming " sounds childish to British ears.【3】 This is a term which, if banned in America, would cause airplanes to fall from the sky. The phrase "to feel comfortable with" is typically American. Using the word "agreesive" positively also sounds strange across the Atlantic. The habit of using the word "like" every four seconds, widespread among American youth, has now caught on in Brain as well. Perhaps it has to do with an expectation of not sounding dogmatic(教条的). Americans tend to say "Excuse me" when they accidentally get in your way, while the British say "Sorry.” Americans say "Excuse me" even when they are 10 paces away from you, since they are accustomed to a lot more space than people are in Europe.【4】 Brits and Americans, in short, are stranger to each other than they usually imagine. Every now and then, an American will reveal that he or she does not understand the word "fortnight(两周), has never used a teapot or does not know how to boil an egg. A. But it was just another case of international miscommunication. B. Well, I guess I’d put Mr. Foot on Mr. Brake. C. Sorry, I was driving too fast. D. Given a choice, Brits prefer to use longer words. E. Brits tend not to use the word “awesome”. F. One knows one is back in the U.K, when everyone is constantly saying sorry for no reason. |
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| 8. | 详细信息 |
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Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Great Speakers: Why Their Words Resonate (产生共鸣) This year will mark 55 years since Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech, one that put him among the greatest speakers in history. What gave “I Have a Dream” and other historic speeches ---such as Abraham Lincoln's“Gettysburg Address”and Winston Churchill's “We Shall Fight on the Beaches” ---such power that they are still distinctly remembered today? Certainly, it demands perfect delivery. If J.F.Kennedy had gotten up there and mumbled (含糊地说) through his address, we probably wouldn't remember that he said, “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” But there are more to a great speech. A great speech seizes the historical moment. Franklin D. Roosevelt's classic line --- “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself” --- was delivered during his speech in 1933 at the worst point of the Great Depression. It inspired Americans to regain a sense of confidence and hope, Gerard Hauser, professor of communication at the University of Colorado, says, “A great speech resonates with problems that people are feeling and the expectations they have with respect to those problems.” A great speech has a memorable tag line. The trick is to deliver a phrase the audience can start repeating, which allows the speaker to pause, and the audience to repeat louder. U.S. President Barack Obama is excellent at this. “When the audience is cheering, he pauses, and then continues to speak, and they cheer louder, so it builds to a kind of peak’’ Hauser says. A great speech reminds listeners of great moments of the past, linking the speaker with history. Ronald Reagan was considered a master at this. His speech in 1980, as he accepted the presidential nomination, brought the audience back to America's first days. “Three hundred and sixty years ago, in 1620, a group of families dared to cross a mighty ocean to build a future for themselves in a new world,” he said, linking past to future with his appeal for “a new compact (契约) with America.’’ |
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| 9. 翻译 | 详细信息 |
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Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 【1】现代生活由于科技而发生了很大的改变。(bring) 【2】自制力一定能帮助你摆脱网瘾。(sure) 【3】孩子的情绪就像洪水，我们要引导他渡过，不应筑坝拦截。(instead) 【4】新年伊始，家长不妨将压岁钱作为理财教育的契机，帮助孩子们更好地认识到合理支配金钱的重要性。(might) |
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| 10. 书面表达 | 详细信息 |
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Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是启明中学高三学生王磊，最近收到英国笔友Mike写来的一封邮件，告诉你最近他阅读了儒勒凡尔纳(Jules Verne)的小说《环游地球八十天》,并提出了"Traveling was more enjoyable in the days before the invention of the aeroplane”这一观点。你对此很感兴趣，决定写一封回信，内容包括: 1.你是否赞同这一观点; 2.你的理由(可以用具体事例说明)。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ |
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