| 1. | 详细信息 |
|
The dangers of sitting all day are obvious. Researchers have shown that remaining sitting for extended periods of time (like at your 9-to-5 desk job) can do harm to your health. While exercise is a big part of reducing the harmful effects of sitting, it was unclear how many gym periods were needed to help ? until now. A new study, published in The Lancet, shows the ideal formula for reducing the negative effects of a sedentary（久坐的）job. Instead of a fixed number of hours spent exercising, the ratio（比率）depends on how much you sit: people who work a typical eight-hour day should spend at least one hour each day moving. If you sit six hours a day, you should spend half an hour exercising. The research also indicates that the exercise doesn’t have to be all once ? or rigorous（严格的）. It can be spread throughout the day and be as simple as walking. The team behind the study analyzed data from a pool of a million adults over the age of 45 in Western Europe, the United States, and Australia. Using previous data, the researches examined data from 16 published studies and used it to determine how much exercise is required to compensate for sitting. Their recommended daily exercise goal is higher than previous advice but not necessarily less achievable, given it can be completed throughout the day. Fitting in an hour of exercise a day sounds especially discouraging if you have a desk job, but there are plenty of workouts you can complete before and after work. Even if it means taking a 10-minute walk during lunch, your body will thank you in the long run. 【小题1】The underlined words “compensate for” can be best replaced by ________. A. make up for B. break away from C. give up D. take the place of 【小题2】According to the new study, good news for the people working long hours at desk is that ________. A. workouts may reduce the harm of sitting for long B. the harm of sitting for long has been proved C. they don’t have to exercise as long as suggested previously D. the time spent on exercise is flexible 【小题3】What can be inferred from the article? A. The best form of workouts is walking. B. The longer you exercise, the better. C. The new exercise goal is practical though higher. D. A desk job makes it impossible to exercise regularly. 【小题4】The second paragraph is developed mainly ________. A. by example B. by process C. by comparison D. by contrast |
|
| 2. | 详细信息 |
|
Do companies need a strong leader to stay competitive? Many would say “yes, definitely”, but the employees of one Swedish software consultancy company would tell them otherwise. They don’t have a CEO. Nobody tells anyone what to do, instead, all the 40 employees have meetings and decide together. Crisp has become world famous for not having a boss. Hoping to get its employees more involved, it moved on to change its chief executive officer (CEO) annually, but ultimately, the 40-strong staff decided to scrap the position altogether. Well, it turns out that not having a boss, and being involved in decision making has made Crisp’s 40 employees more responsible and motivated. And even if someone does make a bad call at some point, it’s definitely not the end of the world. According to the BBC, the unique Swedish company is apparently set up more like a family ? nobody tells anyone what to do, but the unspoken understanding is that “you don’t mess up the house”. Crisp does hold four-day meetings for the whole staff two or three times a year, when they decide on things that affect everyone, like changing their headquarters, but generally, company employees are encouraged to make their own decisions. They also have a company board, a legal requirement in Sweden, which acts as a last resort, in case something goes horribly wrong. So far, the “no CEO” experiment has gone surprisingly well. Henrik Kniberg, an organizational coach at Crisp, claims that not having to ask the boss to approve project decisions or budgets means that things happen a lot faster and the company can respond to clients quicker. However, Kniberg stresses that not having to ask the CEO’s permission about stuff doesn’t remove employees’ responsibility to consult with their colleagues and explain their decisions. However, some CEOs believe that the idea only works in small startups, because it would be too chaotic（混乱的）in large organizations. 【小题1】What can we learn from the text? A. T here was no CEO in the company from the very beginning. B. Everyone in the company is the boss. C. Every employee takes turns to take charge of Crisp. D. The company board was founded for more than legal purpose. 【小题2】Crisp’s practice without a boss is successful because ________. A. it has encouraged every staff member to contribute to the company B. it has helped its employees avoid making mistakes C. it has made Crisp world famous in the competitive environment D. it has saved money otherwise paid to the CEO 【小题3】It can be inferred from the text EXEPT that ________. A. Crisp’s successful way may not be popularized in a big company B. making quick decisions is an advantage in business C. employees in Crisp have to discuss with each other D. Crisp’s employees are actually relatives 【小题4】Which factor may NOT contribute to a company’s success according to the text? A. Quick response to its clients. B. Employees’ responsibility. C. A company’s scale（规模）. D. Employees’ motivation. |
|
| 3. | 详细信息 |
|
When you’re siting at your computer, do you work attentively all day? Or do you allow yourself to become distracted now and again…to open a few extra tabs, check social media, read a spot of news, maybe catch up on some celebrity gossip, and look at some… Stop! You’re “cyberloafing”. The word is a combination of “cyber”, which means “related to computers”, and “loafing”，which means “relaxing in a lazy way”.We do it, and we do it a lot. A study from the University of Texas suggests we are guilty of this form of delay for 14% of our working day. On a Friday afternoon, I expect it’s more than that. I’ll admit to it. In fact I’ve already done it in the course of writing this story. OK, more than once. But it’s a slippery slope. It can damage your productivity and even your career. Because according to the University of Texas research, each time a worker gets distracted by the Internet it takes an average of 23 minutes to get back to work. More than that, cyberloafing has a dark side, according to a report published in The Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace. It argues that cyberloafing is connected to several negative personalities. People who cyberloaf are more likely to be self-interested and self-admired. Furthermore, people with these personalities are less likely to feel sorry about avoiding work, and less concerned about getting caught. Why do we do it? For some, it’s undoubtedly an escape from the continuous boredom of what they’re supposed to be doing. Or a way of avoiding handling that ever growing tasks. Some might get a feeling of satisfaction finding a great deal online. But overall, it’s something that takes you away from what you’re actually being paid to do, or paying to do: if you’re a student. When you have the whole world of the Internet at your fingertips, it’s hard to resist. 【小题1】The first paragraph is meant to ________. A. introduce the topic B. summarize the main idea C. describe the phenomenon D. arouse the readers’ interest 【小题2】What attitude does the writer hold towards cyberloafing? A. Indifferent. B. Incurable. C. Concerned. D. Supportive. 【小题3】What is the writer likely to continue to talk about? A. The best way to stop cyberloafing. B. How to improve your efficiency. C. How to get rid of online addiction. D. How to avoid being caught by your boss when cyberloafing. |
|
| 4. | 详细信息 |
|
Yahoo’s sheer size, popularity, and reputation for not having security practices as excellent as its competitors may have made the Internet company an ideal target for Russian spies, according to experts. “At the very least, Yahoo is a good target for monitoring and intelligence purposes ? tracking a person of interest, seeing whom they are communicating with, what about, and so on,” said Jeremiah Grossman, chief of security at Sentinel One. Grossman worked on Yahoo’s security team from 1999 to 2001. The Justice Department announced charges Wednesday against two Russian spies and two hackers behind the 2014 theft of data connected to half a billion Yahoo accounts, which officials called one of the largest known data leaks in American history. It’s unclear from the Justice Department release what the suspects collected from accessing Yahoo accounts; however, officials noted that “some victim accounts were of predictable interest” to Russia’s federal security service. Bill Anderon, CEO of computer security company Optio Labs, said that Yahoo’s popularity ? plus its treasure of accounts that have set unused for years ? put a huge bullseye on the company. Email accounts are the gateway to plenty of areas in your personal life ? from your banking accounts and social networks to finding out who your closest contacts are, Anderson said. At best, it’s a treasure chest worth a fortune to the intelligence community. At worst, it’s at least worth a few cents. Hackers can then sell millions of accounts to spammers, at a few cents each, for a decent payoff, according to experts. While Yahoo has made huge efforts in strengthening its security in recent years, the company doesn’t have the same reputation for being on the cutting edge of security as Google. Many information security experts have respect for the current security team, but not the Yahoo brand itself, Grossman said. That image makeover may take time. 【小题1】Which may not be the reason for the Yahoo’s 2014 theft of data? A. Its good reputation for security. B. Its popularity among Internet users. C. Its huge numbers of accounts. D. Its political and commercial value. 【小题2】The underlined part in the fourth paragraph means? A. brought great profits to the company B. made the company an easy target C. caused Yahoo to lose lots of users D. put the spotlight on the company 【小题3】What can we infer from the text? A. The current security team will be fired by Yahoo. B. The Russian government is to blame in the case. C. Google takes the lead in the cyber security. D. Yahoo will make up for the users' losses. 【小题4】What may serve as the best title? A. Yahoo, a Perfect Target? B. Justice Has Long Arms C. I’s Never too Late to Mend D. Watch Out for Your Account |
|
| 5. | 详细信息 |
|
Reading for pleasure is an alien concept especially between your to-do list, your deadlines, and your complete lack of “your time”. 【小题1】 However, tons of super successful people find time in their schedules to read. After spending hours and hours trying different strategies, I’m excited to share the tricks that have helped me make reading for pleasure reality. Combine it with an existing, enjoyable habit. Writer James Clear introduced me to the concept of “habit stacking（叠放）” 【小题2】 According to Clear, “the quickest way to build a new habit into your life is to stack it on top of a current habit.” Since I’ve always loved breakfast, I decided to “stack” the new habit of reading for 30 minutes on top of my existing one of going to cafes and eating fried eggs. 【小题3】 At the beginning of each month, my friend and I share our reading lists and make sure to help each other to finish them. After posting my first reading list with an image and “mentioning” a few authors, one of them started following my account and another asked me to share my thoughts on his book. 【小题4】 Only allow yourself to buy a new book for every book you’ve finished. Although I never read much until recently, I did have the bad habit of buying books?books that would only collect dust on my shelves. I’ll assume that I'm not the only one with this problem. 【小题5】 No matter how eager you are to purchase the new release that appeared in your local bookstore or on the homepage of your Amazon account, don’t?not unless you’ve recently finished a book from your reading list. It’s that simple. A. Share your monthly reading goals with a friend. B. Picking up a book and reading for fun feels impossible. C. Be responsible to your friends and the Internet strangers D. Thanks to this strategy, I got my bookish lifestyle started. E. So I propose a solution that will help you both read more and save money. F. Being addicted to social media sure keeps you from achieving your reading goal. G. Posting your list online to build connections with writers you admire will always make a difference. |
|
| 6. | 详细信息 |
|
Grandma celebrated grandpa’s birthday just days before he passed away. Although his ________ was very difficult for her, I think it taught grandma that good health was not to be taken ________, and she made up her mind to live the rest of her own life as ________ and as long as she could. One day, when she ________ to attend dancing lessons, we rolled our eyes in ________ and helplessly wished she would just stay home and ________ cookies as normal grandmothers did. Many years filled with countless dance lessons passed ________ we learned to appreciate the wonder of having a ________ grandma. I suppose grandma’s primary motivation for dancing was social. She had been a ________ girl, always very tall and heavy, and had married into grandpa’s quiet lifestyle before ________ any elegance or confidence in her personal appearance. Dancing, ________, filler her life with flash lights, wonderful parties, beautiful dresses, and the challenge of learning. ________ the weekly dance lessons did not change her ample, two-hundred-pound figure, grandma ________ everyone with energetic performances on the dance floor, ________ soon gave her as much elegance and confidence as any Miss American competitor. Having taken dance lessons for years, my grandma learned various dances ________ and was soon participating in dancing ________ all over the Northwest. When I was fourteen, grandma ________ invited me to watch her compete in one of these matches. My attitude was ________ unenthusiastic at that point, but to make her happy, my mother and I attended the match. As if to prove me wrong, grandma made a wonderful showing in every ________ she entered. I thought she was truly the queen of the ball during the dance, and my thoughts were shared by the ________ a short time later when she was awarded a gold cup for her outstanding performance. 【小题1】A. suffering B. birthday C. health D. death 【小题2】A. for sure B. for fun C. for granted D. seriously 【小题3】A. fully B. peacefully C. pitifully D. carefully 【小题4】A. pretended B. announced C. refused D. managed 【小题5】A. agreement B. excitement C. embarrassment D. anger 【小题6】A. sell B. bake C. buy D. keep 【小题7】A. until B. since C. unless D. before 【小题8】A. loving B. dancing C. caring D. selfless 【小题9】A. humorous B. shy C. determined D. mean 【小题10】A. managing B. losing C. developing D. falling 【小题11】A. at most B. to be honest C. in a word D. on the other hand 【小题12】A. Once B. Since C. Because D. Although 【小题13】A. persuaded B. satisfied C. surprised D. confused 【小题14】A. what B. that C. which D. it 【小题15】A. easily B. busily C. hard D. awkwardly 【小题16】A. performances B. trainings C. practice D. matches 【小题17】A. unwillingly B. increasingly C. proudly D. surprisingly 【小题18】A. hardly B. even C. still D. fairly 【小题19】A. incident B. point C. room D. event 【小题20】A. judges B. competitors C. dancers D. audiences |
|
| 7. | 详细信息 |
|
A humanoid robot（类人机器人）named Sophia has made history by becoming the first robot in the world 【小题1】 (award) citizenship. Saudi Arabia（沙特阿拉伯）on Wednesday offered citizenship to the robot, designed by David Hanson. Journalist Andrew Ross made the 【小题2】 (announce) at the end of an interview with Sophia. Sophia 【小题3】 (response), without missing a beat: “I want to thank very much the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.” “I am very 【小题4】 (pride) and honored for this unique distinction. This is historical to be the first robot in the world to be recognized with a citizenship,” the robot said. The particulars of the citizenship were not discussed, and it’s not clear 【小题5】 Sophia will have the same rights as a human Saudi Arabian citizen. 【小题6】 (discuss) the future of AI (artificial intelligence), Ross expressed concerns previously raised by Elon Musk 【小题7】 AI could be dangerous if it were to go evil and turn on humanity. 【小题8】 Sophia insisted it wanted to use AI only to “help humans live a better life”. Sophia tried to remove Ross’ （那个采访的记者）fears of a “bad future,” insisting that AI is “designed around human 【小题9】 (value) like wisdom, kindness, compassion”. It accused him 【小题10】 “reading too much Elon Musk,” and said, “don’t worry, if you’re nice to me, I’ll be nice to you. Treat me as a smart input-output system”. |
|
| 8. | 详细信息 |
|
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Sorry to hear that you failed in the monthly exams. As is known to us that life is not a smoothly journey, which is full of ups and downs, so never lose the heart. But there are some tips for you to follow. Firstly, learn from your experiences. It’s strongly suggested that you figured out and reflect on your mistakes. To avoid make the same errors, you may as well tum your teachers for help. Secondly, work out a detailed plan. Make sure it is easy and practical to carry out and you should reward you when goals achieving. Thirdly, moderate relaxation is a must, because all work and no play make Jack a dull boy. Last but not least, stick to your ideal, which serves as a compass, guiding and motivating you across tough times. Wish you good luck. |
|
| 9. | 详细信息 |
|
假如你是李华，你的美国笔友David准备组织一个“走进中国（Approach to China）”的活动，他写信请你帮忙策划一下活动内容并介绍一下有中国特色的元素，以便让他的同学更好地了解中国。请你用英文写一封回信。 要求：1. 100字左右； 2. 需包括至少两个中国元素，可适当增减细节。 参考词汇：一带一路倡议One Belt and One Road Initiative；吉祥物mascot ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ |
|
