题目

I was in line waiting to pay. A little boy in the front was buying some clothes. I noticed that the little boy was paying mostly with change (零钱). It seemed that he had broken his pig bank to do this shopping. However, the cashier (收银员) told him he was $ 8.00 short after counting his money.It was clear that the boy had already used all the money. The lady in front of me said, “Well, I could pay half of that.” I told the boy that I could pay the other half. We dug into our handbags. However, both of us only had ten-dollar bills (纸币). Other shoppers began digging into their poc8．材料一、华盛顿异人也，其事勇于胜广，割据雄于曹刘。既提三尺剑，开疆万里，乃不潜位号，不传子孙。而创为推举之法，几天下为公。--徐继《瀛环志略》材料二、我们重新选举一位公民来主持美国政府的行政工作已为期不远了。实际上，现在已经到了必须运用你们的思想来考虑将此重任托付给谁的时候了。……那就是我已下定决心，谢绝把我列为候选人。--乔治•华盛顿《告别辞》（1）材料一中，（华盛顿）“起事勇于胜广，割据雄于曹刘”具体指什么事件？（2）材料二的“谢绝将我列为候选人”指什么？结合所学，谈谈华盛顿的“选择”对美国历史的影响。（3）和华盛顿一样，在美国历史发展进程中还涌现出许多著名人物。请列举一位你尊敬的美国著名科学家，并简要介绍他的功绩。