广东省深圳市南山区2021-2022学年高三下学期开学考试英语试卷

Brecon Beacons YAC has an amazing opportunity for budding (崭露头角的)archaeologists (考古学家) of all ages, in Sunderland in Tyne and Wear. Thanks to funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund, professional archaeologists from Wardell Armstrong will be investigating an archaeological mystery and they need your help.

Romans?

"The site is a bit of a mystery", Frank Giecco from Wardell Armstrong said. "There is a very nice cropmark recorded on the site that has got lots of people very excited. Geophysicists (地质物理学家) failed to find anything related to the cropmark. There is anecdotal evidence of Roman material being found, but nothing is officially recorded. We hope to finally answer the question of what is in this field, during the two weeks on site. Is there evidence of any Roman occupation on the site? Can you help us find out?"

Get involved

This is an opportunity for both adults and children to take part in field walking and trial trenching (small hand - dug test pits for children). No experience is necessary, training will be provided by the professional archaeologists from Wardell Armstrong, and all equipment will be provided. Volunteers can attend for as few or as many days as they wish, but they do need to book a place.

For more information, and to book your place, please contact Norman Kirtlan at sunderlandforgottenstones@gmail.com.

Officer Michael Rivers, a policeman who was snapped and the image shared on Facebook, as he sat sharing his lunch with a homeless woman at the side of the road in North Carolina, in the USA, is praised.

According to Chris Barnes, his wife Cassie took the photo while she was on her lunch break. She saw the pair sharing a pizza and soft drink while they were having a friendly chat. Mr. Barnes uploaded the image with the notes: "Cassie was out on her lunch break and observed the officer enjoying lunch with a homeless person."

Officer Rivers recalled seeing the woman earlier that day. He told Yahoo news: "I was leaving the parking lot of Walmart and she was standing by the stop sign. Her shirt read, ‘Homeless the fastest way of becoming a nobody.' I hated that she felt that way." He added: "I always try to talk the homeless just to see how they got into their situation. You know, because it can happen to any one of us, at any given moment."

After he drove away, he circled back to ask if the woman was hungry and if she wanted food. The officer said she was honored by his offer. He bought them both pizza and Mountain Dew and when the pair sat down to eat, he learned of her family struggles and told her: "Hey, you still got stuff to live for, you still got your life ahead of you. It's never too late."

Officer Rivers, who does recruiting for the Goldsboro PD, hopes to send a message of sympathy for others. He added: "When the younger or newer guys come in, I let them know, ‘Hey treating the community like human beings is the most important thing in the world.'"

"So, if we as police officers show that love and sympathy to everybody, no matter their age, financial background or race, the world would be a better place."

Thunderstorms often show up uninvited to Carnival（狂欢节）in Brazil. This year's attempt to influence the skies took place in San Pablo by a party's official sponsor, Skoal, a Brazilian beer brand. "The fun stops when it rains," says Pedro Ada my, Skoal's marketing director. So do beer sales.

An airplane painted with Skoal's logo sprayed (喷洒) water droplets into clouds to make rain fall before the clouds reached the city. According to its YouTube video that has been viewed 12 million times, it is a "mission worthy of science fiction".

Whether it's science or fiction is up for debate. The use of cloud-seeding to increase rainfall dates back to the 1940s. But the United States government stopped funding it in the 1980s due to a lack of "scientific proof of the effectiveness of intentional weather change", according to the National Research Council. A new paper based on experiments in Idaho found that seeding clouds with silver iodide increased snowfall on three occasions, but the authors say that more research is needed to find out if it can reliably promote precipitation (降水). Paulo Artaxo, a Brazilian physicist, says flatly that cloud-seeding is "useless".

Still, governments and firms in many countries use the technology. Sao Pablo's water company has signed million dollar contracts with ModClima to bring rain, most recently during a drought in 2014-15. Although cloud-seeding normally uses a chemical such as silver iodide to provide a surface around which water or ice droplets from, ModClima says it has invented an "experimental" method that uses water alone.

Carnival-goers cheered when the first two days were cloudy but dry. Many shared Skoal's video. But at around 5 pm on February 24th, the sky darkened and rain poured down. Celebrants at one block party left the Skoal stands and rushed to buy umbrellas and plastic rain capes.

Colin Chapman, the founder of Lotus Cars, was one of motor racing's most influential engineers. He summed up his philosophy as "simplify, then add lightness". A simple, featherweight car might be slower on the straights than a beefy muscle-machine, he reasoned. But it would be faster everywhere else. Between 1962 and 1978 Lotus won seven Formula One constructors championships.

It appears to be an uncommon insight since humans always struggle with subtractive thinking. When asked to improve something, they tend to suggest adding new things rather than removing some, even when additions lead to not satisfying results. In one study conducted by Gabrielle Adams, along with colleagues at the University of Virginia, participants were asked to change a pattern on a grid (网格) of coloured squares to make it balanced. Although that could be done equally well by adding new squares or by deleting existing ones, 78% chose the additive option.

But why people forget that less is often more? One experiment asked participants to redesign and unbalance Lego structure so that it could support a house-brick. Participants could earn a dollar for fixing the problem, but each piece of Lego they added cut that reward by ten cents. Even then, only 41% worked out that simplifying the structure by removing one single block, rather than complicating it by adding more, was the way to maximize the payout. Practice improved people's chances of spotting subtractive solutions, suggesting that many were simply not thinking of the possibility, at least at first.

What all this amounts to is evidence for "additive thinking" entering the list of "cognitive biases"(认知偏差). The 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded for demonstrating that humans are not thinking logically as economists do. Instead of thinking a problem through and coming up with an ideal solution, they tend to use cognitive shortcuts that are fast and—mostly— "good enough".

Are You a Prisoner of Perfection

Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach? Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can't achieve the unachievable? Understanding what drives perfection is the first step toward releasing this self - created anchor that keeps us stuck.

Shame and fear are often the hidden drives of perfection. We believe that if we fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and we'll win respect and approval.

Politicians who display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame. They fear that showing vulnerability (弱点) will expose them to the accusation that they're weak. They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it's obvious that the emperor has no clothes.

Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We're constantly evaluating ourselves in order to be better. However, if we can't relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prisoners of our perfectionism. We get painfully self - conscious and take ourselves too serious. Sadly, we deprive (剥夺) ourselves of the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves.

We realized that failing at any enterprise doesn't mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we'll never learn from our mistakes; we'll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. The important thing is to learn from our error, forgive ourselves and move on.

Being human, perfection is impossible. Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we're freed to sail gracefully through our success and failures — and enjoy our precious life.

A. Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize?

B. A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.

C. Do you fear that others will be horrified by what you judge about yourself?

D. The addition to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect.

E. There's nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self - correcting along the way.

F. People who are addicted to perfection are often isolated, even if they seem outgoing and popular.

G. By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid of the shame that drives perfectionism.

It had been a long business trip. We had already had multiple flight delays, so I was pleased when we 1 boarded the plane on schedule. The flight attendants shut the door, 2 the passengers, and soon after, I heard the sound of the engines firing, which seemed quite 3 to me.

It is common in Atlanta that we had to wait a bit on the 4 for our turn. And then finally we started moving slowly. 5, when we did so for about ten minutes, suddenly the plane stopped. An announcement came that we'd have a delay, and we'd be in a holding pattern (等待航线)for a little while.

That "little while" 6 90 minutes at last. It was almost 40 degrees and we were 7 in the small plane with almost no air conditioning. It seemed like a(n) 8! So when the plane took off in the end, all the passengers couldn't help cheering.

Waiting is not something that comes easily to me. I'm more like the sports car with the engine 9 waiting at the crossing. The moment the traffic light turns greens, I will rush out urgently.

But now, as I've reached my advanced age, I've 10 something: When I have to stay in a "holding pattern", it will be wise to accept that with 11 and a good attitude.

Sometimes those "holding patterns" are for my 12. They teach me something connect with someone, or make me wait until things are 13. Sometimes those "holding patterns" seem very long and 14 just like the one on the hot airplane but I should trust everything will be OK. I should know what I can do is just have 15 with the difficult time.

The UNESCO Global Geo park（地质公园）consists of six local communities, each with their own featured (attraction) ranging from mini farms to geological gardens. These communities were looking for ways to develop sustainable ecotourism in this rural area.

Very recently, the Geo park acquired an (abandon) church building and will transform it into a new Geo park Centre will serve not only as a community and visitor centre, but also offer a range of services and facilities. It is intended that such services and facilities will contribute to the long term (finance) sustainability of the Geo park and create sustainable employment opportunities.

As an outdoor laboratory for local schools, the Geo park focuses on fun, interactive, discovery learning style, aiming to build pride in the communities. They also work with universities adult education centers covering a wide range of subjects including local geology, archaeology and architecture. The geological garden serves (explain) key events in the earth's history (creature evolution, climate change, plate structure theory etc.), and (be) a popular picnic spot. They use kite photography, geophysical surveys and seismometers（地震仪）to make learning (excite). The new Geo park Centre (annual) provides hands-on learning as well as specialist talks and demonstrations.

1）中学生缺乏运动的原因；

2）给你校同学推荐一项运动，并说明理由。

注意：

1）词数80左右；

2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3）开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear fellow students,

I was in my room, unwilling to head to the community theatre with "my brother" Henry. He was just adopted by my parents recently. I was not in the mood for being on stage with him.

"Kristie, come here," my mom called. Following her voice, I found her outside the bathroom, holding a wet book. She gave the book a shake. "Henry's book was in the bathtub. Did you put it there?" She glared at me, something she never did before Henry came to our home. I didn't wet his book on purpose. Tears of hurt clouded my eyes. Worse still, she promised to buy him a new copy. My heart ached. Henry was stealing my mother's love. He was ruining my life.

Meanwhile, Henry was just nearby, absorbed in working on a complicated rope knot (绳结) as usual. Why did a boy like him do the girly work? Far from manly!

Soon, it was time to have to set off to the community theatre. As Henry walked ahead of us to the car, my mom took me aside and said in a low voice, "It's the first time for Henry to be onstage. Be kind to him, Honey." I nodded but sighed. Being kind didn't use to be hard. But after Henry moved in, everything felt different. The theatre used to be a special place for my parents and me. With Henry involved, it didn't seem so special any more.

Finally, it was our stage time. My heart beat wildly. I forgot my annoyance at Henry for a while. As we kids lined up, ready to act out our short play, I realized how loosely I had tied the drawstring (束带) on my skirt. Sure enough, my skirt began to drop. Laughter from the audience could be heard, and even though I was wearing shorts under my skirt, I could feel my face burst into flames. However, my hands were full. If only someone could help me out!

注意：

1）续写词数应为150左右；

2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Right then, Henry sensed my embarrassment.

……

After the performance, I found Henry and tapped him on the gratefully