甘肃省兰州市2018届高三英语第二次实战考试试卷

    Which comes first, happiness or money? Are richer people1? And 2how do people get richer? A recent study could tell you the answer.

    The study3thousands of teenagers and found that those who felt better about4as young adults 5 to have higher incomes by the time they 629. Those who were happiest earned an average of $8,000 more than those who were the most7.

    The researchers, from University College London and the University of Warwick, say that very gloomy（沮丧的）teens, no matter how tall or smart they were, earned 10% less than their peers8the happier ones earned 930% more.

    Happier teenagers have an easier time 10school, college and the job 11,12 because they always feel better about life. It may13 be true that happier people find it easier to make friends, who are often the key to homework help or networking.

    A report in June suggested that professional respect was more important than14in terms of workplace happiness. In August scientists announced that they had found the 15for happiness in women. Alas! The same gene doesn't appear to have16effect on men. And in October researchers in the UK and in the US announced that people who eat seven portions of fruit and vegetables a day report being the happiest.

    If it is really true that happier kids17being wealthier kids, is it necessary for parents to get their kids to do the homework? The fact is that 18 homework will make kids happy but surely hurt their grades. Studies do show19 that more education20better-paid jobs, which may give us a deep thought.

    Libraries are doing well in the digital times. Here are some of the most awesome examples.

    ⒈Freiburg University Library, Germany

    The original library of the Freiburg University was rebuilt in 2015 following the project of Degelo Architects. The new building has 41,000 square meters and looks like a cut diamond. Inside, there are 1,200 workspaces in four reading rooms plus 500 work areas. The library offers in the basement a system of automated checkout machines and 700,000 volumes that can be borrowed.

    ⒉Microlibrary at Taman Bima, Indonesia

    This wonderful little public library is located in a Kampung neighborhood near the Bandung airport, Indonesia. The building was designed by the Bandung office of SHAU architect studio. It has 160 square meters and is built upon a preexisting stage that was already used by the local community for events and gatherings. The Bima public library is the first of a series of similar microlibraries that are planned to be built across Indonesia.

    ⒊Public Library of Constitución, Chile

    The city in Constitución, Chile, was devastated by 8.8 degrees earthquake in 2010. The new public library, designed by Sebastian Irarrázaval, is a part of the initiative to rebuild the city. Constitución is one of the biggest clusters of wood production in Chile. This heritage is reflected in the construction of this post-disaster library. It's made almost entirely of wood, and only the firewalls are done with exposed poured concrete. The internal area of the library exceeds 350 square meters. The building was opened in 2015, five years after the earthquake.

    ⒋LiYuan Library, China

    Built in 2011 in a small village of Huairou on the outskirts（郊区）of Beijing, this beautiful nature-inspired library was designed by Li Xiaodong. The 175-square-meter building's interior is spatially diverse by using steps and small level changes to create distinct places. The wooden sticks temper the bright light and spread it evenly throughout the space to give a perfect reading environment. The library closes at dusk because there is no electricity in it.

    Mark is always engaged in his work. But this time he felt that it was time for him to take part in his community, so he went to the neighborhood meeting after work. The area city council woman was leading a discussion about how the quality of life was on the decline. The neighborhood faced many problems. Mark looked at the charts taped to the walls. There were charts for parking problems, crime, and for problems in empty buildings. Mark read from the charts, “Police patrols cut back, illegal parking up 20%”. People were supposed to suggest solutions to the council woman. It was too much for Mark. “The problems are too big”, he thought. He turned to the man next to him and said, “I think this is a waste of my time. Nothing I can do would make a difference here.”

    As he neared the bus stop on his way home, Mark saw a woman carrying a grocery bag, and a baby. As Mark got closer, her other child, a little boy, suddenly ran into the street. The woman tried to reach for him, but as she moved, her bag shifted, and groceries started to fall out. Mark ran to take the boy's arm and led him back to his mother. “You gotta stay with mom,” he said. Then he picked up the stray groceries while and the woman smiled in relief. “Thanks,” she said, “You've got great timing.” “Just being neighborly,” Mark said. As he rode home, he glanced at the walls of bus. On one of them was “Small acts of kindness add up.” Mark smiled and thought, “Maybe that's a good place to start.”

    It is important to protect yourself from harmful rays. But if you think a high-factor sunscreen keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas（黑瘤）and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.

    There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas – the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1.101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection – no sunscreen – seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.

    Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying – recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.

    The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, use sunscreen and slap on a hat.

    LUKLA, Nepal(Xinhua) – Qomolangma, known as Mount Everest in the West, once negatively recognized as the “world's highest junkyard”, is set to become cleaner as 30,000 porters（搬运工）have been mobilized（动员）for waste collection and disposal from the mountain's southern side. The cleanup drive was launched recently near Lukla airport, one of the world's most dangerous airports yet a vital gateway to the world's highest peak.

    “Our major task is to keep Everest, which is the pride of the world, clean. This campaign aims to transport 100 tons of nonburnable garbage from the Everest region to Kathmandu in 2018,”Ang Dorje Sherpa, chairman of the Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee said.

    The SPCC, an environmental conversation organization, has made it mandatory（强制性）since 2013 that every climber should carry down 8 kilograms of trash, but for trekkers（旅行者）there is no such regulation. Due to this, more than 100 tons of waste gets collected in the region annually.

    According to Nepalese government statistics, nearly 50,000 domestic and foreign trekkers visit the Qomolangma region annually, while more than 400 mountaineers attempt to scale the peak. The collected waste mostly includes empty beer bottles and cans, oxygen bottles, torn tents and sleeping bags, food bins, and discarded mountaineering and trekking equipment. The trash was collected by local groups in more than a dozen villages while the waste was transported down the mountain in sacks（麻布袋）by porters and yak-hybrid animals as zopkyos. The cleanup covered settlements from up to 5,000 meters near the base camp, to Lukla airport located at an altitude of 2,805 meters.

    On the first day of the campaign, several tons of waste was sent off to Kathmando from Lulka on planes belonging to Tara Airlines, one of the leading private airlines in Nepal. The airlines have set an ambitious target of flying out 100 tons of waste from the region in 2018, as a part of its commitment to the UN Sustainable Development Goals against climate change. The company's CEO Umesh Chandra Rai said: “We hope that this campaign will help the local people to maintain a pristine（原始的）, natural and unspoiled environment so that more trekkers will come from everywhere, making the trekking industry here more sustainable.”

    Why is setting goals important? Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything you want in life goals allow yourself to make your life happen.

    Successful and happy people have a vision of how their life should be and they set lots of goals (both short-term and long-range) to help them reach their vision. By setting goals you are taking control of your life

     They decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and setting goals. Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren't difficult to set, and they aren't difficult to reach You are the one who must decide what to pursue and in what direction to aim your life.

    Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more likely to achieve it. Written goals can be reviewed regularly, and have more power they are harder to neglect or forget. Also when you write your goals in a particular way you are able to make yourself continuously aware of situations that will bring you nearer to your goals.

A. Like a contract with yourself

B. Instead of just letting life happen to you

C. Winners in life set goals and follow through on them

D. It's like having a map to show you where you want to go

E. My suggestion is that you shouldn't set goals just for the sake of it

F. I think there's nothing which can stop you from achieving your goals

G. It's up to you to find out what your goals, ideals and visions really are

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1）每处错误及其修改均限一词；

2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

    Yesterday we went to Happiness Nursing House to help the old people. We set out earlier in the morning and brought them lots of gift. When we arrived, we were warmly welcome by them. First we introduced myself. Then we were making dumplings together with the old, talking and laugh. After lunch, we performed and sang songs with them happy. Finally all the old people say goodbye to us at the gate. We were very happy because of we did a good deed. I think this necessary for us teenagers to learn what to respect and take care of others, especially, the old.

    What is reading?

    Reading is actually a very complex process that requires a great deal of active(participate) on the part of the reader. It is an active thinking process involving the interaction between the reader and the print. That is to say, the reader's schema (former or previous knowledge) about the topic to(read) and his language knowledge (vocabulary and grammar) directly affect his understanding of the reading material andturn, the new information about the topic(contain) in the reading material will enlarge the reader's former schema.

    Reading is a very important(mean) of gaining knowledge about culture, custom, science education and technology from others or other countries. It is a good way of learning the most advanced hi-technology(serve) the needs of the social development and the interests of our people through reading. Reading isinseparable component of the English learning. We should lay solid foundations for our advanced education, and we can master the language by reading(large). However, it is a very complex activityinvolves almost all psychological processes(include) sensation, perception, motor behavior, motivation, attention, emotion, cognition and all kinds of memory.

1)举办艺术节的目的；

2)举办时间；

3)活动内容。

注意：1)词数100左右；

2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Jacob,

Yours,

Li Hua