广东省揭阳市2018-2019学年高二下学期英语期末考试试卷

    The Renaissance marks a period of human awakening. In this article we are going to explore the inventions during this period which have helped change the life and progress of mankind.

    Clock

    The first mechanical clock was invented in the early 1300's. Galileo, an Italian scientist, discovered the pendulum (钟摆) around 1602. The pendulum greatly improved the movement of the hands of a clock. The average error with the pendulum varied only by seconds each day. Before this the error was from 10 to 15 minutes a day.

    Eyeglasses

    In the late thirteenth century, paintings first appeared with people wearing or holding eyeglasses. From these paintings, we know that eyeglasses were invented in Italy. Around 1300 the Venetian Glassmaker's Guild made it illegal for cheap glasses to be made. By 1352, eyeglasses were only worn by well-educated rich men. In 1456, the invention of the printing press allowed books to become widespread. Once people owned books, reading glasses began to be seen in the hands of common people. In 1623, the Spanish invented the first graded eyeglasses.

    Flush toilet (抽水马桶)

    Sir John Harrington, godson to Queen Elizabeth, made the first flush toilet for himself and his godmother in 1596. He was teased by his friends and never made another one.

    In 1775, Alexander Cummings reinvented the flush toilet more commonly called the water closet. Two years later in 1777, Samuel Prosser applied for and received a patent for it.

    Wallpaper

    In 1496, the first paper factory came into operation in England. English artists soon make wallpaper for decoration. For the next 200 years England was a large producer of wallpaper for Europe. Before wallpaper was invented, only wealthy people could afford to decorate the walls of their houses.

    Next month, I'm traveling to a remote area of Central Africa and my aim is to know enough Lingala — one of the local languages — to have a conversation. I wasn't sure how I was going to manage this — until I discovered a way to learn all the vocabulary I'm going to need. Thanks to Memrise, the app I'm using, it feels just like a game.

    "People often stop learning things because they feel they're not making progress or because it all feels like too much hard work," says Ed Cooke, one of the people who created Memrise. "We're trying to create a form of learning experience that is fun and is something you'd want to do instead of watching TV."

    Memrise gives you a few new words to learn and these are "seeds" which you plant in your "greenhouse". When you practice the words, you "water your plants". When the app believes that you have really remembered a word, it moves the word to your "garden". And if you forget to log on (登录), the app sends you emails that remind you to "water your plants".

    The app uses two principles about learning. The first is that people remember things better when they link them to a picture in their mind. Memrise translates words into your own language, but it also encourages you to use "mems". For example, I memorized "motele", the Lingala word for "engine", using a mem I created — I imagined an old engine in a motel (汽车旅馆) room.

    The second principle is that we need to stop after studying words and then repeat them again later, leaving time between study sessions. Memrise helps you with this, because it's the kind of app you only use for five or ten minutes a day.

    I've learnt hundreds of Lingala words with Memrise. I know this won't make me a fluent speaker, but I hope I'll be able to do more than just smile when I meet people in Congo. Now, I need to go and water my Vocabulary!

    Good evening, everyone. As we celebrate International Dog Day, I want to focus on a specific type of dog that is perhaps the most misunderstood breed in the world—the pit bull. It makes me unhappy that public opinion about pit bulls is that they are extremely dangerous. If a pit bull is that meaning, that's only as a result of being taught to fight other dogs to the death in dogfights. The truth is that a pit bull is very faithful and loving.

    A pit bull is a cross between a terrier and a bulldog. That's why their coloring can be different from one dog to the next. Pit bulls all have short fur. They came over to the U.S. from Britain with their immigrant farming families. Pit bulls guarded the cows, sheep and family from thieves. They were beloved members of the family because they were so faithful and loving. They were also very strong, especially their jaws.

    Unfortunately, bad men turned a good thing into a bad thing. Since these dogs would do anything to please their masters, it was easy for these men to teach the dogs to be killers. Dogs fought other dogs in fenced "pits". Dog fighting became illegal in the U.S. in 1875, but it still goes on. Today, pit bulls continue to be farm dogs, but they are also trained as police dogs, search dogs and of course they make great pets!

    I have a pit bull myself. Piper is the friendliest dog you'll ever meet. He sleeps next to me at night. Even though he is an adult dog now, he still acts like a puppy sometimes. He would never bite me or anyone else! With proper and loving training, pit bulls are the best pets ever!

    When Jenny Benson was eight, her mother took her to soccer practice for the first time.

    "She's never played soccer before," Mrs. Benson told the coach." I'm not sure how she'll do."

    Jenny ran onto the field and joined the other players. Over the next hour, Mrs. Benson and the coach watched as Jenny out­ran many of the more experienced players.

    "I knew then that soccer would be Jenny's sport." Mrs. Benson recalls. And she was right.

    It may have helped that Jenny had spent much of her time trying to keep up with her three brothers." I wanted to be just like them," Jenny says." My family has inspired me for my entire life."

    Jenny has retired from the United States women's national soccer team. She started out on her professional career in the Philadelphia Charge, a team in the Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA)．Later on, she joined FC Energy Voronezh, and then New Jersey Wildcats.

    When the WUSA was being formed, league officials watched many college soccer games, looking for players good enough to join the league. They were very interested in Jenny, who played for the University of Nebraska.

    "Throughout that college season, I knew I was being watched," Jenny says, "I knew I couldn't be perfect, so I just tried to be very consistent and have fun."

    As a professional, Jenny relied on her focused but fun­loving attitude. "In a game, I try never to put too much pressure on myself. The more I concentrate on having fun, the better I play." She says. "I have good and bad days, just like everyone else, but I know the sun will always come up after a bad day. So all I have to do is to adjust myself, either to the change of my inner feelings or to the change of circumstances. That helps me get through anything."

Think like This When You Feel Stressed

    It's a sweet opportunity. If you look on pressure as a threat, you are sure to be negatively impacted by its occurrence. They look on it as a great chance. They will cherish the pressure moment and approach it with confidence and enthusiasm.

    I'll get another chance. Under pressure, we often lose hope. We tend to distort the reality of the situation. One of the most common phrases is the "chance of a lifetime" in which we tell ourselves, "I will never get an opportunity like this again, so I can't miss it."

    I'll do my best. This is what people who do their best under pressure tell themselves when they are going into a pressure moment. Because it prevents them from wasting valuable energy worrying over things they can't influence and promotes confidence at the same time. Focusing on doing your best keeps you in the moment and guides your behavior toward success.

     People who perform their best under pressure will reduce the significance of the upcoming pressure moment, so they feel less stressed. Whether it's a sales call or an interview for their dream jobs, they are like winning athletes, and when asked how to handle the pressure of the big game, they responded, "It's just another game."

    I can control how I respond. People who do their best in a pressure moment focus on what they can control.  If you have an upcoming interview, don't worry about the other applicants. You can't control them. Practice how you will handle an unexpected problem.
A. It's no big deal.
B. It stops you paying attention to anxiety.
C. Instead, take care of your own business.
D. Remembering past successes increases your confidence.
E. In fact, we have many chances to succeed in our lifetime.
F. But people who do their best in a pressure moment are different.
G. Focusing on doing your best quickly decreases pressure in the moment.

    It wasn't that I was embarrassed because my husband was out of work. It's just that we were 1 people and didn't share our 2 much with others. So when he lost his job, we just acted like nothing had changed and no one seemed to 3 .

    It didn't take long before my friends found out that my husband 4 a lot more. When asked about it, I told my good friend and neighbour Tammy the 5 and I said we were still looking. She then told me that her husband had also been hunting for 6 all over town because his company was closing down. I was 7 .We constantly did things together, yet I hadn't found any sign of their 8 .

    After knowing what they were 9 , I wanted to help them even though we didn't have much ourselves. So, I became a 10 shopper. I looked for discount offers everywhere, and when I finished my 11 , I would offer to buy things for Tammy at the 12 price. It seems like our money goes even further because we are willing to 13 .

    It goes the other way too. Tammy and her husband have given us enough wood to 14 our house this winter. It has been a huge 15 , reducing our gas bill to almost nothing. There are other 16 of helping each other. I teach Tammy how to make bread; she 17 my kids when I go to job interviews...and the 18 goes on.

    I don't have much to give, but I can give of myself. I can have 19 , love and hope, and the more I give these away, the more I 20 .

    My doorbell rings at 11 am. On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady holding the hand of a little boy. In her other hand  (be) a paper bag. She is the little boy's grandmother, and her daughter, Nicole, bought  house next door last October. Nicole has  (obvious) told her mother that I am having a heart operation shortly, and the result is that her mother has decided  (supply) me with meals.

    I know what is inside the paper bag——a bottle of hot soup and a  (contain) with a meal of rice, vegetables and meat. It's become a daily occurrence.

    Communication  us is somewhat difficult because she doesn't speak English and all I can say in Chinese is hello. Once, she brought an Ipad as well as the food. She pointed to the screen,  showed a message from her daughter telling me that her mother wanted to know  the food was all right for me.

So here we are, two grandmothers, neither of  (we) able to speak the other's language but communicating one way or another (with some help from technology). The doorbell keeps  (ring) and there is the familiar brown paper bag, handed smilingly to me.

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。 

修改：在错词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；      

2）只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。

    During the Spring Festival, I watch a sci-fi movie The Wandering Earth with my friends. The movie direct by Guo Fan is very popular in China. It is set in 2075, where the earth is no longer safe to live. Unlike most western movies, the heroes do not give up the earth. Instead, they choose to save the earth by send it to another sol-like system. I was deep impressed by the three generation of a Chinese family. They devote them to the mission. The movie conveys lots of Chinese values, but I think it is quite worth seeing it.

1）写信目的

2）你们之间难忘的事情

3）再次表示感谢与表达美好的祝愿