陕西省商洛市2018-2019学年高二下学期英语期末考试教学质量检测试卷

    There is good news- for those who enjoy  (run) - around in rain and don't want to get their clothes dirtied or those who play soccer but don't want their shirts to get soiled or wet with sweat. British scientists have created a fabric (织物)that never gets dirty or wet! The cloth  (treat) with a special non-sticky chemical that resists oil and water. This ensures that the clothes made  it remain clean. But the scientists are not yet ready to make public the  (detail) information of this "miracle" chemical.

    A well-known French company recently launched  new range of jackets that have Teflon in them. Teflon is the plastic coating on non-stick cooking pans, has a special characteristic: No reaction to anything. As a result, dirt and water slip away from the Teflon fabric, as (easy) as oil slips out of a Teflon-coated pan.

    American scientists have gone a step (far). They have added insecticide (杀虫剂) to the fabric that kills mosquitoes on contact. This new anti-mosquito fabric  (find) immediate buyers shortly after its invention. According to reports, several mosquito net producers are planning . (compete) with each other in the bid (投标)to "net" the company for the use of this new technology.

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ ),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:⒈每处错误及其修改均仅限一词.

⒉只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

    My grandparents had a small farm, that they grew crops and vegetables. They also raised dozen of hens and cocks, which were kept, in an area surrounded by a fence for protect. However, there were always several chickens escaped through the fence, wandering freely in the fields.

Last spring, I visited to my grandparents' farm and play near the wheat field. Suddenly I caught amazing sight: a hen was walking past, following by five chicks! No one knew where and when the hen hatched his little kids. My grandma was happy and hurried prepared a new home for the mother and the children.

    San Francisco, known as "The City by the Bay", packs a lot of fun.

    View of Golden Gate Bridge from Baker Beach

    As one of the most famous sights in all of San Francisco, the Golden Gate Bridge is an absolute must-see. There are a few good spots to view it from, but my personal favorite is Baker Beach. This is also a particularly good spot to buy a meal from a local market, lay down a blanket and enjoy a picnic in the view of the famous bridge.

    Visit the Musee Mecanique

    Fisherman's Wharf（码头）is one of the most touristy areas of San Francisco and the overpriced, crowded sights can be tiring. But on Wharf 41, there's a unique attraction: the Musee Mechanique. This museum has one of the largest collections of old indoors game machines in the world, which offers great amusements. Entry is free and it's only a couple of quarters to play the games.

    Eat at Spark Social Food Trucks

    With such a various population, it can be difficult to decide what cuisine to enjoy for dinner. Luckily at Spark Social Food Trucks in the Mission Bay, you can try a little bit of everything! Not only is the food delicious, but the food truck has a community feel with weekly events and free desserts.

    Have Tea at the Japanese Tea Garden

    If you desire for some calm on the somewhat noisy streets of San Francisco, the Japanese Tea Garden is perfect. Located in Golden Gate Park, the garden looks exactly like Japan. And you can enjoy tea in the traditional tea house overlooking a lake.

    South African singer Larry Joe found in solitary confinement（隔离监禁）the peace of mind he needed to develop his talent. A producer helped him make a CD in a cell-turned-studio.

    Joe, 31, can see only seven stars outside his window in a prison in Douglas, South Africa for housebreaking. But he has a guitar and a wild hope.

    "I want to be a bright star. I want people, when they hear me, to see the darkness much less. " Joe said.

    On December 1, 2008, one of South Africa's top musical groups, Freshly Ground, was in Douglas for a concert to mark World AIDS Day.

    Joe was also invited to play in the support act. He stunned the audience. "Everyone was totally attracted. I was blown away because I hadn't heard a better voice like that before," Aron Turest Swartz, Freshly Ground's founder recalled.

    When Joe was 13, his parents moved to Douglas. Being poor, his sister would tell him that she had a headache for bread, but he had nothing to give her. Joe made bad friends, who were always talking about stealing. Later, Joe slipped into crime to help reduce the burden of family. Finally, he was put into prison for housebreaking.

    Prison could have broken him: his father died when he was in prison. So did Joe's 18-month-old daughter. Before prison, he'd see her in the hospital, medical tubes everywhere. Joe felt broken when she died. But it marked the time of his rebirth. He stopped pretending there was an excuse for his crime.

    On December 13, 2010, the album he recorded in prison was timed for release.

    He was paroled（假释）for good behavior after two years and 10 months. That afternoon, Joe gave a concert at the prison to celebrate his freedom.

    It was time to say goodbye to his seven stars.

    Scientists at the University of Bonn carried out extensive research to show that the water-drops rolling off a lotus（莲花）leaf carry away dirt, leaving the surface perfectly clean. This phenomena has been named the "Lotus Effect" and works best on rough surfaces.

    Contrary to popular belief, lotus leaves are not smooth at all. When examined under a powerful microscope, the leaf cells show a bumpy surface. That makes the surface rough. As a result, dirt rests only on the tips of the wax crystals（蜡晶体）covering the leaf surface. The roughness reduces the contact area between the dirt and the leaf surface. A rough surface structure with wax crystals makes it impossible for water to stick. Due to the friction（摩擦力）, the water contracts at once. It forms round waterdrops to minimize the contact area with the rough, waxy leaf surface and runs off the leaf very quickly. Since the dirt only rests on the tips of the wax crystals they stick more strongly to the waterdrops than to the leaf surfaces. They are washed away when the water falls on the leaves.

    On smooth leaves, the dirt is pushed from one part of the leaf to the other. This is because the dirt has a larger contact area where they can rest comfortably on the flat surface. We must also keep in mind that water usually spreads and only partially runs off the leaves-that too, only if the leaf is tilted! The dirt may get driven, but they are mainly displaced from one side of the leaf to the other.

    Scientists say that the "Lotus Effect" is particularly beneficial for it helps to protect the lotus leaves from harmful bacteria. The dirt on the leaves often contains tiny disease causing fungi and bacteria. While most of the bacteria get washed off, the few that remain eventually die since they do not get the water they require for survival and growth.

    Studies have suggested early rising and success might be linked. People who wake up early are more in keeping with the traditional corporate schedule and tend to have more positive personalities, which might lead to better grades in school or higher wages on the job.

    Is getting up early for everyone? No. There's been lots of research about how some people are biologically more likely to feel more alert （机敏的）in the morning, while others are at their best at night. You might be more alert and have better cognitive （认知的）ability in the afternoon, for instance. So, if you don't naturally feel alert in the morning but decide to wake up early anyway, you might be disturbing your actual top performance times. Of course, people may have personal reasons for making an early start. Parents with young children or workers with non-traditional hours may also have no choice about what time they start the day.

    Getting up early doesn't necessarily translate to instant success at the office. In fact, depending on the person, it could end up having a negative effect. Especially if you don't normally wake up super early and are trying to follow some kind of productivity fashion. An even worse condition may arise if you're actually reducing sleep to become an early riser. Sacrificing sleep means you may be hit by the many negative effects of sleep lack. Getting a full night's sleep and getting the same amount of sleep at the same time each night are both important. So if early rising means cutting sleep, don't do it.

    What should you do? Don't listen to thought-leaders or Linkedln influencers but figure out what works best for you. Pay attention to when you feel most tired and most awake. Make a note of the times you fall asleep and wake up naturally. Try to adjust your schedule to those times, as that's how you'll tap into most of your natural energy for the day ahead. And above all, it's getting adequate amounts of sleep.

Four Everyday Things Hurting Your Health

    Your everyday behaviors may be holding you back. However, perhaps you don't even know it. , as well as some expert advice on what to do instead.

    . It can also decrease your brain's ability to function, thus resulting in poor performance at work and longer reaction time behind the wheel. Experts recommend practicing a relaxing bedtime routine like taking a bath, cutting down on caffeine and alcohol. Another trick is to stick to a consistent sleep schedule.

    Studies have shown that sitting for extended periods can have significant negative impacts on physical and mental health. You don^,t have to run a marathon to get active, though. Work small exercises into your day, like standing during TV advertisements or parking your car far away from an entrance..

    Is it uneasy to lock your cell phone away for a solid 60 minutes? Social media isn't helping, either. Experts recommend deleting social media apps or hiding them. , and making a point of doing something to ground you in the present moment each day.

    In today's competitive society, it's human nature to take on as many tasks as possible. But continuous responsibility and rushing from one job to the next is a bad habit that can lead to eventual burnout., especially those that you have no time to accept.

A. The small can make a huge difference

B. Bad sleep can lead to a variety of harms

C. Good education background isn't helping

D. This means practicing the art of saying "yes"

E. Experts suggest politely turning down invitations

F. Be aware of some habits with a negative impact on your health

G. They also suggest charging your phone outside of your bedroom

    While volunteering in Tanzania，my wife and I got the idea of what we call a "street library" because children in our neighbourhood were able to read but had no1 at all

    We had an idea to make books 2 to local children who wanted to read. We 3 a famous international charity for collecting money. We 4 books in three book stores of the capital city. My wife Sue 5 all 180 books with sticky-backed paper to keep them clean. A local man made some 6  to store the books. I made some "library cards" and 7 with a tailor called Saddiqi，who agreed to keep the boxes in his 8 and to run the library. The library was 9 to open!

    Anyone could  10 with their name and their parent's mobile phone number.  Saddiqi gave them a 11 with a number, with which they could read the books only in his shop. I decided it was better to do that than let readers 12  the books.  There is no 13 to join the library.  Within five days we had over 100 14 and more were joining each day! Even though the books are 15 for children in different grades of difficulty,16  were using the library for free, too.

    This side-project was, I think, one of the most 17  things we did in Tanzania. It was in some way a thank-you gift to our 18 for welcoming us so warmly into their lives.  The whole 19  worked together on the street library and that's surely part of the reason it is still  20 after we left.

⒈向他表示祝贺；

⒉感谢他对你的帮助；

⒊建议他实现旅行和写书的计划。

注意:

⒈词数100左右；

⒉可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

⒊开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Mr. Terry,

    Congratulations on your retirement!

    Best wishes. We will miss you very much.

Yours,

Li Hua