河南省郑州市2017-2018学年高一上学期英语期末考试试卷

    I'm told that during an international game of chess, many beautiful moves could be made on a chessboard. In a decisive 1 in which Marshall was matched with a Russian master player, he found his queen under serious attack. There were several ways of2, and since the queen is the most3 piece, the audience thought Marshall would 4 move his queen to safety.

Deep in thought, Marshall used all his time to5 the condition. And then, he6his queen, paused, and placed it down on the most 7  square of all — a square from which the queen could be8 by any one of three enemy pieces.

    Marshall had sacrificed (牺牲) his queen — an unthinkable move. Everyone else was 9 .

    Then, the Russian and the players realized that Marshall had actually made a 10  move. It was clear that no matter how the game was taken, the Russian would soon be in a losing 11. Seeing this, the Russian 12  his defeat.

    When the audience 13  from the shock of Marshall's daring, they showered the chessboard with money. Marshall had achieved14 in a very unusual and daring way — he had 15 by sacrificing the queen.

    To me, it is not important that Marshall won,16  what counts is that he had 17standard thinking to make such a18 He had looked further the usual patterns of play and had been 19to consider an imaginative risk on the basis of his judgment alone. No matter how the game20, Marshall was the winner.

    For students at the Farm School in Hamilton, Virginia, the classroom is outside every day. Jaclyn Jenkins is the founder of the school. “The No. 1 question we get immediately from parents is 'What happens if it rains?' And we say, 'Bring an extra set of clothes!'” Jenkins adds, “We still educate them. Their brains are working when they're moving. So, our goal is to always be outside.” The Farm School is a preschool, a place for 3- and 4-year-olds to learn and play.

    Alison Huff has taught at other schools. She says the Farm School gives its students more of a hands-on learning experience. For example, children use pumpkins to learn about colors and counting. They learn about measurement by planting seeds 30 centimeters apart. Huff adds, “We can use everything a regular preschool uses, but out in the garden.” In addition to planting vegetables and fruits, children help prepare food and clean up afterwards. The school teaches the children to cook using the food they have grown. “They can see the benefits of what they have in the garden and taste it then instead of going to the grocery store and buying it,” says Huff.

    The preschoolers also learn words in languages other than English. Huff speaks in both English and Spanish. Her assistant speaks French and Arabic. A 3-year-old in her class speaks four different languages.

    Farm animals are also an important part of the education program. Jenkins says the children learn about a different animal every month. Two months ago, she says, that animal was a cow. “We do actually have a cow that we bring to the school. They get to see what the cow is like, an learn what cows eat. They use little gloves and pretend to actually milk a cow. They make butter and yogurt.” The children spent another month with a large bird — a turkey.

    The idea for a school like this started after Jenkins and her husband bought a farm in Hamilton, with a late 18th-century house. They called it “One Day Farm” because years earlier they had hoped that “one day” they would have a farm. “That's when it started, the spark of a farm school,” said Jenkins.

    For years now, I've been wanting to sell our house, the place where my husband and I raised our children. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.

    In the front room, there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my children's growth. Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each child's name and the date when they were measured. Most people I know have been featured on a wall like this, or at least had a wall like it in their home.

    Of all the objects and memories, it is this thing in a home that is the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldn't normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our children grow in so many ways, but the wall is the physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see.

    Over the years, I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my children stopped growing.

    So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it. They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer. She came to our house, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, changing them into a beautiful history of my family.

    Three weeks later, my children's wonderful gift made its way to me — a life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents an entire lifetime of love and growth.

    As soon as the Thanksgiving holiday is over, Santa Clauses start appearing everywhere. It takes more than red clothing and a white beard to be a professional Santa In fact many successful Santas attend special classes.

    The CW Howard Santa School, one of the oldest Santa Claus school in the world, is in Midland, Michigan. It celebrated its 80th anniversary last year. Over 250 Santas gathered at the school to prepare for their seasonal work. Charlie Howard was the Santa Claus in the Macy*s Thanksgiving Day Parade for 17 years. He started the school in 1937.

    “At that time, there was a great need for good Santas. Santas didn't portray the character that we want. Santa Claus stands for all good things hut some of the gentlemen's images (形象) weren't up to the expectation,” said Charlie.

    The three-day Santa workshop teaches people “Santa sign language”, facts about deer and clothing and make-up style. The future Santas also become familiar with the newest wish list toys, gain (获得) interview experience for radio and television and even get advice on how to do their business taxes.

    It's said that about 15,000 students have graduated from the Santa school. They come from all over North America, Europe，Africa and Australia to study. Last year the school welcomed Santas from all 50 states as well as many other countries.

    The Santas never claim (声称) to be the one and only “real” Santa. Instead, they describe themselves as “the spirit of Christmas”. At the school's opening-night activity, they tell visiting children they are the “cousins of Santa”.

    Robert Davis says they also never promise children anything. Instead, they say they will try their best.

    After all, as Charlie Howard liked to say, “He is wrong who thinks Santa enters through the chimney (烟囱). Santa enters through the heart.''

    Scientists are using robots to study the health of waters in and around Venice, Italy. The robots are designed to act like fish, other underwater creatures and plants. The scientists are working with several universities and research centers as part of a group called subCULTron. The European Union gives money to the project as part of its Horizon 2020 program whose aim is to take great ideas from the lab to the market and support science and innovation (创新) in Europe. The scientists want to use the artificial intelligence of the robots to help humans understand what is happening under the water of the Venice lagoon (潟湖).

    SubCULTron, a collective artificial intelligence project, plans to create the biggest shoal (鱼群) of robot fish in the world. The project's aim is to improve knowledge of the seabed and try to turn human abilities into hi-tech items.

    Alexandre Campo, a computer scientist, says the scientists have looked at the way animals learn to work in groups to understand how robots can learn to work together. The subCULTron project wants its robots to learn to work together so they can watch out for changes and new problems in the water.

    One problem the researchers had in the beginning was how the robots would communicate with each other. Wi-Fi and GPS equipment don't work underwater. Instead，the robots can use sonar (声呐) and an electric field.

    Another problem was charging batteries. The robots come up to the water's surface and stay near a boat or a power station to charge without any electrical cables. Besides, how to be water- proof, especially for some key pads of the robots, was really tough. Fortunately, a special mixture has been created to be pinned on the robot, which successfully stands the test of water.

    The health state of the lagoon is pretty good. There are no industrial polluters, and the city now has a modem sewer (污水管) system. It's not like before when all the waste flushed directly into the water. The robots in Venice will continue their work until 2019. The subCULTron project hopes they develop into “an artificial society underneath the water surface” that serves “a human society above the water”.

    Grow Your Vocabulary by Learning Root (词根) Words

    English is called one of the most difficult languages for non-native speakers. One reason is that English has so many rules and almost as many exceptions of those rules. Sometimes, this leaves learners confused (困惑的). Not all words can be pronounced by their spelling. And, maybe the worst thing of all is that there are many idioms, or expressions in English. That is why there are many funny mistakes resulting from the misuse of idioms.

     A root word is the most basic form of a word. Root words can help you to break down large, new words into smaller units to discover their meanings. As a result, by learning 20 or 30 root words, you can enlarge your English vocabulary to include hundreds of new words.

    A root can be any part of a word that carries meaning: the beginning, middle or end prefixes (前缀), bases, and suffixes (后缀) are types of roots. The prefix appears at the beginning of a word, the base in the middle and the suffix at the end. One simple method is to first look at a base word and then look for familiar prefixes and suffixes that go with that base. For example, the word “construct” is a verb that means “to build”. The prefix “con-” means “together” or “with”. So, “construct” means “to put things together to build or create something”.

A. Another reason is related to the English pronunciation.

B. You can say we use idioms like they're going out of style.

C. The second difficulty lies in the spelling of the English words.

D. Having a good knowledge of grammar is also useful for English learners.

E. Building vocabulary through root words is quite useful for English learners.

F. Learning just one root word can help you understand several words in English.

G. However, it's comforting to know learning root words can help English learners.

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1).每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2).只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

    Last Saturday I took bike trip to the nature park together with three of my friends in the breeze (微风), there we went for sighting. In the forest, we saw a number of plant and knew a lot about them. And then we go to a patch of grass that was full of wild flowers. We lay in the sun quietly, enjoyed the fresh air. The sight was very amazing that we didn't want to leave. We talked about our experiences happy and played several childhood games. Later, we had photos taken together and rode back to home.

    It was really an unforgettable weekend because they learned a lot about plants. With addition, we relaxed ourselves by enjoying the beauty of nature.

    On December 24th, 1971, 17-year-old Juliane got on a plane with her mother in Peru to fly to meet her father.

    Over the Amazon jungle, there was a thunderstorm. The rain fell heavily and there was a strong wind. Unexpectedly, lightning hit the plane at 3,000 metres and it  (explode). Juliane fell quickly through the air and hit the trees hard. She was unconscious (昏迷的) for (hour). When she woke up, she found her right arm was cut, her shoulders hurt badly  she couldn't see in one eye.

    Juliane's was a biologist and when she was small, he taught her how  (survive) in the jungle. She found a small river and walked slowly along it. “If I follow the river,” she thought, “I  (find) people.” The river also gave her clean water to drink. It was(extreme) hot, but the river water kept her cool. Sometimes she had to swim in the river because it was too deep to walk in. There were crocodiles (鳄鱼) in the water, but they didn't attack her! There was fruit on sonic trees, hut she didn't eat it — she knew it was too dangerous.

    Juliane walked for ten days.night she stopped to sleep because it was too dark to walk. Ten days after the crash, she found a small shelter by the river, in  there were some woodcutters. They cleaned her cuts carefully and the next day, they carried her down the river, and she (take) back safely to Pucallpa by a plane. She was the only person who survived the plane crash. The other 91 people, (include) her mother, all died.

    The film director, Werner Herzog, had a ticket to travel on the plane but missed it. Thirty years later, he made a film called “Wings of Hope” about Juliane and her unbelievable story.

1). 限号带来的好处；

2). 限号存在的问题；

3). 你的看法及改进建议。

注意：

1). 词数100左右；

2). 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。