上海市杨浦区2021届高三上学期英语期中试卷

After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Foreign Accent Syndrome(综合症)

31-year-old Emily's life changed greatly in January, when a mysterious condition left her unable to speak for two months. She  (complain) about headaches for two weeks before one day her colleagues then noticed that her speech had become slow and unclear, both indicators of a stroke. she was rushed to the hospital, Emily had lost her ability to speak completely. After running some tests, doctors ruled out the stroke, instead  (blame) her voice loss on some sort of brain injury.

After spending three weeks in the hospital, Emily was still unable to speak and relied solely on basic sign language she had picked up at work and a text-to-speech app on her phone (communicate). Encouraged by her doctor, Emily went on a vacation in Thailand. A few days into the vacation, she started to speak again.

How  (shock) it was when Emily originally noticed her Eastern European accents, but even more so when she noticed that sometimes her accent would change out of the blue, to Polish, Italian and even French. Although she doesn't know the reason  may help explain her condition, she has noticed that it has something to do with how tired she is. In March of 2020, she was officially diagnosed with  was commonly called Foreign Accent Syndrome.

"I was so excited when my voice started coming back but now I don't even recognize the voice that comes out of my mouth, it doesn't sound  me," Emily told the reporters.

Now her voice is back, but unfortunately she has to deal with discrimination(歧视) from people who think she is an immigrant, and has taken time off work because stress  only make her condition worse.

Emily's case sounds shockingly similar to  of Michelle Myers, an Arizona woman who never traveled outside of the United States, but woke up to speaking in multiple accents-British, Irish and Australian- after experiencing severe headaches. She too was diagnosed with Foreign Accent Syndrome.

Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Can Food Replace Medicine?

If Food is indeed medicine, then it's time to treat it that way. In his upcoming book, Eat to Beat Diseases, Dr William Li, a heart expert, pulls together years of stored data and processes specific doses (剂量) of food that can treat diseases from a mild cold to cancer. Not all doctors agree that the science supports food like drugs, but he is hoping the idea will motivate more researchers to study food in ways as strict as possible and generate stronger data in coming years. "We are far away from prescribing (开处方) diets to fight diseases," he says. "And we may never get there. But we are looking to fill in the that have long existed in this field with real science. This is the beginning of a better tomorrow."

And talking about food in terms of doses might push more doctors to focus on patients' grocery lists instead. So far, several hundred people who rely on the Fresh Food Program have had their risk of serious diabetes (糖尿病) complications by 40% and hospitalizations cut by 70% compared with other diabetic people in the area who lack to the program. This year, on the basis of its success so far, the Fresh Food Program is doubling the number of patients it .

Shicowich knows firsthand how important that will be for people like him. When he was first , he lost weight and controlled his blood sugar, but he found those changes hard to maintain and soon saw his weight and his blood-sugar levels skyrocket. He has become one of the program's better-known success stories, and now works part time in the produce section of a supermarket and cooks nearly all his meals. He's his cooking skills to include fish, which he had never tried preparing before. "I know what healthy food looks like, and I know what to do with it now," he says. "Without this program and without the support system, I will probably still be sitting on a couch with a box of biscuits."

For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Trackers on Ice

Just because a scientist puts a GPS tracking collar on a wild polar bear does not mean the animal will willingly keep it on. 1, these huge collars are purposefully loose so that if one becomes annoying, a bear can 2it. But scientists have now found a way to use signals from the discarded(丢弃的)devices.

"These dropped collars3would have been considered garbage data," says Natasha Klappstein, a polar bear researcher at the University of Alberta. She and her colleagues instead used4from such collars, left on sea ice in Canada's Hudson Bay, to track the ice itself. For their study, published in June in The Cryosphere, the researchers 5twenty collars that sent movement data consistent(与······一致的)with ice drift rather than polar bear 6between 2005 and 2015. The resulting records of how melting ice typically drifts in Hudson Bay are unique; there are no easily 7on-the-ground sensors, and satellite observations often cannot 8capture the motion of small ice sheets.

The team compared the discarded collars' movements with widely used ice-drift modeling data from the U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Collar data indicated that the NSIDC model underestimates the speed at which ice moves around in Hudson Bay--as well as the overall 9of drift. Over the course of several months the model could drift away from an ice sheet's location by a few hundred kilometers, the researchers say.

This means the bears may be working harder, when moving against the direction of the ice, than scientists had 10 ."Since we're underestimating the speed of drift, we're likely underestimating the energetic effort of polar bears," says Natasha Klappstein. The research reveals11insight (洞悉) into how highly mobile ice moves. As melting increases in coming years, such ice will likely become more 12farther north, in the central Arctic. Scientists had known NSIDC data could underestimate drift speeds, but "any time we can find a data 13, it is a good thing."

Plus, such data could improve predictions about how oil spills or other pollutants may spread in seas 14 with drifting ice, says Walt Meier, a senior NSIDC research scientist, who was not involved in the study. The findings may even 15future NSIDC models. "It's a really nice data set," Meier says." And certainly one we'll take consideration.

Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

The term "bird brain" is frequently used to describe a person's lack of intelligence and good decision-making ability. However, some scientists believe it should be considered a compliment, given that many birds can perform tasks that were once considered solely by humans. These include manufacturing and using tools, solving problems, and planning for future needs. Now, Griffin, an African Grey parrot, has proved that birds may even possess better visual memories than human adults and children.

The study, led by Harvard Professor Hrag Pailian, had the parrot compete in the shell game against twenty-one undergraduate students and twenty-one 6-to 8-year-old children. The popular challenge involves hiding a small object under one of three, or more, inverted cups or nutshells, which are moved around. Participants are required to accurately identify the cup under which the object lies.

The Harvard team began by placing different-colored balls under four cups and moving them around. To make the task more challenging, the researchers required participants to track two, three, and four balls at the same time. The cup positions were moved between zero to four times for each of the combinations. An analysis of the results showed that Griffin outperformed the 6-to 8-year-olds across all levels on average. Even more impressive, the "bird brain" performed as well as, or slightly better than, the 21 Harvard students on 12 of the 14 trials! It was only in the final two tests, which had the most balls and most movement, that the parrot fell behind the adults. However, Griffin's performance never fell below that of the children.

The fun experiment was conducted to test the brain's ability to recall memories of things that are no longer in view and then update them when faced with new information, like a change in location. The visual working memory, is one of the foundations for intelligent behavior.

Griffin was the candidate of choice because the scientists needed an animal that was evolutionarily different for comparison but had a brain functionality similar to that of humans. The fact that the smart parrot loves to show off his brain power, in exchange for a few nuts, did not hurt either.

Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

In 2013 Mr. Baugher planted 7,000 Fuji apple trees in the orchard (果园).Three years later,just when the trees should have been bearing fruit, he noticed that a few of them had yellow leaves. Within weeks they were dead. The next year，the problem spread to more than a few trees. By last year, 2, 000 of Mr Baugher's 7,000 new trees were dead.

Mr. Baugher has the worst case of" rapid apple decline" (RAD)in the county, but he is not alone. The mysterious disease has been troubling growers across America's northeast for at least six years. Kari Peter, a fruit-tree specialist first observed massive die-offs in her research orchard in 2013. She came up with the term" RAD". But her attempts to explain it have not produced much fruit. The usual reasons for the death of tree-mould infestation, a known virus, disease, an early frost-didn't fit symptoms. Her investigation only ruled things out.

The dead trees tend to be younger: two to eight-years-old. They are nearing he prime of production. Dwarf trees, which are commonly used by commercial growers, seem to be the most subject. Historically, orchards held 600-700 apple trees an acre, but most are now high producing dwarf trees, which are more compact. Growers plant 1, 200-1, 500 trees per acre. Working with the Department of Agriculture Kan found a new hidden apple virus in the infected trees. But they cannot be sure if this new virus has any connection with the decline.

Researchers at Cormell University found that severe cold followed by drought (旱灾)could have weakened the trees leaving them subject to viruses. Other scientists think that herbicides may be to blame. Dan Donahue, a fruit-tree specialist says it could be any or all of those theories. In a recent sampling, he found that 64% of young trees had hidden viruses. These do not show symptoms, but they could affect vitality. Older, larger apple trees were better at shrugging off the viruses.

RAD is a big worry for the apple growers. Customer taste is changing. Traditional varieties like Red Delicious are no longer a customer favourite, so growers are having to invest in new varieties. Few of the orchard growers are able to absorb the economic losses.

Mr. Baugher found some relief in the Tree Assistance Programme, through which the federal government provides financial assistance to orchard-owners whose trees are damaged by natural disasters. The sudden death of apple trees may not seem as dramatic as a hurricane, but it is perhaps even more dangerous. Americans have given considerably more before in the defense of apple pie.

Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Five Weeks in a Balloon

Chapter 12

“Let's go all", shouted the doctor standing between his two companions Joe and Kennedy. The air was pure, the wind moderate, and the balloon climbed almost upright to a height of fifteen hundred feet, as indicated by a depression of two inches in the barometric(气压的)column.

What a magnificent spectacle was then outspread the beneath the gate of the travelers! The island of Zanzibar could be seen in its entire extent, marked out by the deeper color upon a vast plain. The fields had the appearance of patterns of different colors, and thick champs of green indicated the short trees and grass.

The inhabitants of the island looked no larger than insects. The laughing and shouting were little by little lost in the distance, and only the discharge of the ship's guns could be heard beneath the balloon, as the latter sped on its fight.

"How fine that is!" said Joe, breaking silence for the first time.

He got no reply. The doctor was busy observing the variations of the barometer and noting down the details of his ascent (上升).

The rays of the sun coming to the aid of the heating cylinder (气缸), the tension of the gas increased, and the balloon Victoria rose to the height of twenty-five hundred feet. The ship Resolute looked like a mere seashell, and the African coast could be distinctly seen in the west marked out by a margin of foam.

Dense borders of mango-trees protected its margin, and the ebb-tide (退潮)disclosed to view their thick roots, rubbed and bitten by the teeth of the Indian Ocean. The sands which, at an earlier period, formed the coast-line, rounded away along the distant horizon, and Mount Nguru reared aloft its sharp summit in the northwest.

The Victoria passed near to a village which the doctor found marked upon his chart as Kaole. At the same time, they were vainly directing their arrows against this monster of the air that swept along so majestically away above all their powerless anger.

A. Its entire population had assembled in crowds, and were yelling with anger and fear.

B. At this height a more decided current carried the balloon toward the southwest.

C. The country over which we are passing will become more fertile, richer and fuller of vitality than the rest.

D. It was then found to be passing just over the Mrima country, the name of this part of the eastern coast of Africa.

E. Kennedy looked on, and had not eyes enough to take in all that he saw.

F. Why is it that such uncivilized countries get all these fine things?

Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Virtual Fitness

Exercise plays a very important role in a healthy lifestyle. But you may not have time or money to go to a gym on a regular basis. The good news is that today's technology lets you access fitness classes from the comfort of your home. A quick Internet search will turn up thousands of online fitness classes. You can watch videos on your phone, computer or tablet and do the exercises right where you are. All you need is an Internet connection and a space large enough to move around in.

 Online fitness classes take a wide variety of forms. Some focus on stretches and slow movements. Other classes involve fast aerobic activity, while others build muscle strength. Some require equipment such as weights, but others use only your body. This means that you can choose a class that does what you like. And you can try a different one whenever you like.

Anyone can post a fitness video on the Internet. Not everyone knows what they are doing. So it is important to think about who is teaching the class. Try to find teachers who are certified by an organization with a good reputation. I tried some virtual fitness classes several years ago. The reason was simple: convenience. I could do a fitness class at any time of day. I didn't need to travel to a gym and back, which saved me a lot of time. But being able to work out any time meant I kept putting it off. I'd do everything else first and then the day would be over. I'd never actually get around to exercising.

Having to exercise at a definite time means I have to put it on my schedule. So for me, scheduled classes such as those at a gym are helpful.

Anyhow, if the gym isn't for you, you may want to give an online fitness class a try.

教导孩子道德标准的最好方法就是以身作则。(approach)

全套中国首部传统民间艺术丛书预计2022年面世。(schedule)