福建省三明市2018-2019学年高一下学期英语期末质量检测试卷

    Body language plays a big role in communication as it gives us messages about the other person that we can interpret non-verbally just based on our feeling. There are four types to be aware of.

    Eye contact is one of the most direct and powerful facial expressions. The eyes are always talking. The use of eye contact varies significantly from culture to culture.  In some regions, direct eye contact is often considered a sign of trustworthiness. So, if you're in America, you should know soft, attentive eye contact would convey honesty. However, a hard, unblinking stare will send a much different message, similar to the meaning of direct eye contact in some regions.

    Gestures can be used to emphasize（强调）meaning.  Pressing fingers together to form a steeple slows interest and determination. Touching the nose or rubbing eyes indicates discomfort. A hand to the back of the neck may indicate you are not interested in a conversation.

    Body posture can be closed or open. A firm handshake will give the impression of honesty. Folding arms across your chest or body is protective. People with arms folded, legs crossed and bodies turned away reject messages. A head held straight up signals a neural attitude. A head sidewards indicates interest. A head down is negative.

    The position of speakers and listeners: face-to-face, side-to-side, or back-to-back, can send powerful messages. In a group situation, when the leader faces the group and turns toward the one who is speaking, this conveys strong attention. When two people are communicating, competitors more possibly sit facing each other while cooperators sit side-by-side.

    They had to get many people out of the burning building as quickly as they could. So they told them to jump out of the window.

    The first one out of the window was a man. He was followed by his two children. Next, a baby and then the baby's mother came flying out of the third-storeyed window, all driven by desperation and the smoke that was coming from the apartment. Brian Smith and Corey Boykin helped them all. "We caught everything that came out of the window. " Smith said.

    A fire started on the second floor. "I got my family out," said Smith. "Then I started banging on doors on the first floor. I tried getting to the second floor, but the smoke was too black. I couldn't see; I couldn't breathe. So I turned around and came outside. That's when I saw people hanging out of the window."

    Boykin was at his friend Melanie Nunemaker's house, across the street from the apartment. He knew something was wrong when he saw a baby drop out of the window. Catching the child below was Smith.

    Boykin ran to a nearby house to get a ladder and rushed back to help. He found Smith with his arms outstretched, shouting," Jump! I get you. "He caught several people. Boykin climbed the ladder to warm people on the third floor to turn around and come toward him because they couldn't see through the smoke.

    And he wasn't finished. When Boykin saw his burnt-out neighbors, he took 20 of them back to Nunemaker's house. "They gave us clothes, shoes, whatever they had-and we didn't, "one of the neighbors Chase Ray said, "They saved us."

The Mystery of Dark Matter

    If you look at the night sky, you'll often see stars moving very quickly. In fact, they move much more quickly than they should according to their size and the laws of physics. Scientists do not completely understand why the speed of these stars is so high. But many believe the reason is that much of the universe is made up of something called "dark matter". Groups of stars called galaxies, such as the Milky Way, might even consist of ninety per cent dark matter.

    How much something weighs depends on where it is. The same object weighs only half as much on Mars as it does on Earth and almost three times as much on Jupiter. So scientists prefer to talk about the mass of something rather than how much it weighs, because mass does not change. They can work out the mass of galaxies by measuring the distance between them and the speed they move. Recently, Dr. Jorge Penarrubia and a team from Edinburgh University discovered something interesting. The mass of the Milky Way is only half as much as the mass of another nearby galaxy, Andromeda. This seems strange, but dark matter may explain why.

    Finding out more about dark matter could help us understand how the universe began, but this is not easy. Lots of scientists with different types of expert knowledge are working on the problem. The Edinburgh team is working with many other universities like the University of British Columbia.

    We can't see dark matter, it's very difficult to measure and we can't find out its mass. Unlike stars, dark matter doesn't produce or reflect light. But we can make a good guess that it is there because of the way things move and the way light bends. Experts now think dark mater may be very different from the mater which we find on Earth. There may also be five times as much dark matter in the universe as ordinary matter.

    The Swiss scientist Fritz Zwicky first gave dark matter its name in the nineteen-thirties. Researchers have been looking for it ever since. Today, technology such as the Large Hadron Collider is collecting more and more information but this technology cannot tell us everything. New ways of finding dark matter will be needed. Investigating dark matter may even mean we will need to start asking questions about the way we look at the universe, including the ideas of Albert Einstein.

Five Ways to Make People Like You

●Be a good listener

    Encourage others to talk about themselves. The easiest way to become a good conversationalist（健谈的人）is to become a good listener. To be a good listener, we must actually care about what people have to say. . Instead, they just want someone who will listen to them.

    ●Smile

    . Smiles are free to give and have an amazing ability to make others feel wonderful. Smile in everything that you do.

    ●Remember a person's name

    To any person, his/her name is the sweetest and most important sound in any language. People love their names so much that they will often donate large amounts of money just to have a building named after them. We can make people feel extremely valued and important by remembering their names.

    ●

    You can make more friends in two months by giving attention to them than by making them curious about you in two years. The only way to make quality, lasting friendships is to learn to be genuinely interested in them and their interests.

    ●Make the other person feel important and do it sincerely

    The golden rule is to treat other people how we would like to be treated.  People will talk to us for hours if we allow them to talk about themselves. If we can make people feel important in a sincere and appreciative way, then we will win all the friends we could ever dream of.

A. Become genuinely interested in other people

B. Share your interests with other people around you

C. We love to feel important and so does everyone else

D. Many times people don't want an entertaining conversation partner

E. You should make other people feel confident whenever and wherever possible

F. Happiness does not depend on outside circumstances，but rather on inward attitudes

G. The average people are more interested in their own names than in all the other names

    Our house was directly across the street from the entrance of a hospital in Baltimore. We rented the rooms upstairs to the patients at the clinic. One evening, there was a. 1 on the door. I opened it to see a man who was hardly  2 than my eight-year-old son. But the worse thing was his face, looking 3 awful. He told me he came for a treatment for his face that morning from the eastern shore, and there was no bus till morning so he'd been 4a room since noon but with no success, which he guessed was5 his terrible face. For a moment I hesitated, but his next words convinced me:"I could6 in this chair in the doorway. My bus leaves early in the morning. "I told him we would find him a 7.

    Later, from talking, I knew the man fished for a living to 8 his five children, and his 9 wife, who hopelessly couldn't walk or sit from a back injury. He didn't tell it by way of complaint. Instead, he was 10 that he still had strength to keep going. At 11, we put a camp cot（吊床）in my children's room for him. Next morning, just 12 he left, as if asking a great favor, he said, "Could I come back and 13 when seeing my doctor next time?"He added, "Your children made me feel at home. Grown-ups are bothered by the.14 of me, but they don't15 to. "

    16 his next trip he arrived a little after seven in the morning. He brought a big fish and the largest oysters I had ever seen. I 17 what time he had to get up in order to do this for us, knowing his bus left at 4:00 a. m.

    In the years he came to stay18 with us, there was never a time when he did not bring us vegetables from his garden. I knew our family would always be grateful to have known him: From him we19 how to accept the bad without complaint and the good with 20.

    The world-famous credit card company Mastercard is（remove）its name from its company logo. It will follow the（like）of Apple and Nike to have a logo has a symbol only and no writing. Mastercard had（traditional）used a logo that had overlapping yellow and red circles with the word "Mastercard" （write）over the top. The company has decided（drop） the word "Mastercard" and use just the two intersecting circles as a wordless logo. The new logo （use）as the brand's symbol on credit cards and in stores, as well as on advertising, at sports andevents. The company's marketing officer said over 80 per cent of people spontaneously（本能地）recognized the new symbolthe word "Mastercard", which means their company may rise to those like Apple whose logo uses only a symbol. According to what he said, the（simple）but more modern logo represents Mastercard is developing into a digital era when people communicate with more signs and less words.