模块4 Unit 11 The Media 知识点题库

    I began working in journalism(新闻工作) when I was eight. It was my mother's idea. She wanted me to "make something" of myself, and decided I had better start young if I was to have any chance of keeping up with the competition.

    With my load of magazines I headed toward Belleville Avenue. The crowds were there. There were two gas stations on the corner of Belleville and Union. For several hours I made myself highly visible, making sure everyone could see me and the heavy black letters on the bag that said THE SATURDAY EVENING POST. When it was suppertime, I walked back home.

    "How many did you sell, my boy?" my mother asked.

    "None."

    "Where did you go?"

    "The corner of Belleville and Union Avenues."

    "What did you do?"

    "Stood on the corner waiting for somebody to buy a Saturday Evening Post."

    "You just stood there?"

    "Didn't sell a single one?"

    "My God, Russell!"

    Uncle Allen put in, "Well, I've decided to take the Post." I handed him a copy and he paid me a nickle(五分镍币). It was the first nickle I earned.

    Afterwards my mother taught me how to be a salesman. I would have to ring doorbells, address adults with self-confidence, and persuade them by saying that no one, no matter how poor, could afford to be without the Saturday Evening Post in the home.

One day, I told my mother I'd changed my mind. I didn't want to make a success in the magazine business.

    "If you think you can change your mind like this," she replied, "you'll become a good-for-nothing." She insisted that, as soon as school was over, I should start ringing doorbells, selling magazines. Whenever I said no, she would scold me.

    My mother and I had fought this battle almost as long as I could remember. My mother, dissatisfied with my father's plain workman's life, determined that I would not grow up like him and his people. But never did she expect that, forty years later, such a successful journalist as me would go back to her husband's people for true life and love.

    Advertising is the key to the success of any business. To ensure a long and lasting success, a business must advertise in some way.

    It has been said that the best form of advertising is word of mouth advertising. It's free and most people believe it. Usually, word of mouth advertising comes from satisfied customers that wish to share their experience with their friends, family and co-workers about a product, and in turn new customers come to the business.

    While word of mouth is a wonderful and free way to advertise, it isn't the "be all end all" of advertising. Advertising on television, the radio, and printing is still a very effective advertising method, but the method is quite expensive and not suitable for the small businesses.

    A more economical but effective way is to advertise online. The Internet is such an important part of daily life that it is hard not to advertise on it. The number of ways to advertise online is endless. There are several types of e-mail marketing campaigns, like link advertising and websites. Now, e-mail marketing campaigns are more popular than traditional postal mail marketing, which is slow and ineffective.

    Many business owners use strategic networking to advertise their businesses. It's a way for business owners to meet each other, get the word out about their companies, and even to enlarge their business fields.

    One new kind of successful advertising is through social networking. It's much like strategic networking in that it's usually free and done by meeting and discussing products. However, social networking is done through modern media, such as websites, blogs, and the Internet. Both of them are highly effective.

    Whichever method of advertising is used, a business must use long-time advertising campaigns to keep itself successful.

    Can you become a creative person? Can you learn to come up with great ideas or learn to create new things? The answer is yes.

    The first step to becoming creative is to remove the words "I am not creative" from your vocabulary. Seriously, do not say them or do not say them even inside your head.

    Now you need to start looking at what other people are doing. The more you see what they are doing, the more you can get a feel for how they think, and how they come up with creative ideas.

    Find a way or a place where you feel totally relaxed. This is important and you can let your mind come up with ideas there. Write them down as you get them. For me a relaxing place is outside in nature where it is quiet and sunny, or when I take a long drive in my car by myself.

    The last step is to write down a few ideas every day.

    Repeat the process of reading and observing what similar people are doing and how they are being creative, finding a relaxing place to write down your thoughts, and writing down a few ideas every day until you start seeing the kind of results you are happy with. It may take a few weeks to a few months, but this is the training process you need to put your mind through to become creative.

    Remember, looking at things from a different angle can also make a big difference to creativity. Question the way that everyone else is doing something using the same method and see if being different and doing it another way will produce something cool.

    Think about the different ways that people use wind. You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat. Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources, as well as one of the oldest. Evidence shows that windmills(风车) began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century AD. They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.

    For many centuries, people used windmills to grind(磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground. When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote(偏僻的) areas began to use windmills to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all the areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.

    During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means high costs. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.

    Do you know Australia? Australia is the largest island in the world. It is a little smaller than China. It is in the south of the earth.  The population of Australia is nearly as large as that of Shanghai.  The cities in Australia have got little air or water pollution. The sky is blue and the water is clean. You can clearly see fish swimming in the rivers. Plants grow very well.

    Last month we visited Perth, the biggest city in western Australia, and went to a wild flowers' exhibition.  We had a wonderful time. Perth is famous for its beautiful wild flowers. In the spring every year Perth has the wild flowers' exhibition. After visiting Perth, we spent the day in the countryside. We sat down and had a rest near a path at the foot of a hill. It was quiet and we enjoyed ourselves. Suddenly we heard bells ringing at the top of the hill.  There were about three hundred sheep coming towards us down the path.  After a short drive from any town, you will find yourself in the middle of white sheep. Sheep, sheep, everywhere are sheep.

A. The people of Australia are very hardworking.

B. Australia is big, but its population is not large.

C. Australia is famous for its sheep and kangaroos.

D. Australia is the sixth largest country in the world.

E. The government has made enough laws to fight pollution.

F. There we saw a large number of wild flowers we had never seen before.

G. What we saw made us pick up all our things and run back to the car as quickly as we could.

    Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play?1 an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets 2 the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to 3 the news.

    Newspapers have one basic 4, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 5 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 6 inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 7, this competition merely spurred(刺激)the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 8 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 9 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readers 10 the latest news, today's newspapers 11 and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers' economic choices 12 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their 13. Newspapers are sold at a price that 14 to cover even a small fraction(一小部分) of the cost of production. The main 15 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 16 in selling advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers. This 17 in terms of circulation(发行量). How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 18 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 19 in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information about the community, city, country, state, nation, and world—and even 20.

    In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible  (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and  work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road,   (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over   top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.

   Steam engines  (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25, 000 people were using   every day.

   Later, engineers  (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the  (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most  (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:

1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2）只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Tom,

    I'm glad to receive your letter ask for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here is a few suggestions.

    First, it was important to take a Chinese course, as you'll be able to study from the teachers and practise with your fellow students. Then, you'd better watch the TV and read books, newspaper and magazines in Chinese. Besides, it is a good idea to listen Chinese songs, because by doing so you'll learn and remember Chinese words more easy. You can make much Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.

    Try and write to me with Chinese next time.

1）该工作主要包括两部分内容：一是从英文报纸杂志及互联网上选择适合学生的文章；二是选择并编辑同学们的来稿。

2）希望该同学满足下列要求：

①乐意奉献出一些业余时间为同学们服务；

②擅长英文与美术；能熟练使用电脑。

3）感兴趣的同学请在本周内与学生会(Students' Union)联系。

注意：

1）词数100左右；

2）不要逐字翻译，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文。

    One cold morning in winter, I went alone to a hillside to do some hunting.  I sat there waiting for about an hour. Suddenly, a big beautiful deer appeared less than 20 feet away from me.  There was no cover near him. Surely I could shoot him.

    To my surprise, he came toward me! He was curious, I supposed, or maybe he was stupid.  For this was not a youngster, but a fully grown-up one. He must have known about men and their guns. But this deer came closer, and I still waited. His big eyes never moved away from my face. His wonderful head with a set of antlers(鹿角) was clearly in sight.

    I was getting a bit nervous as he walked closer. A big deer can do a lot of damage. Well, he walked right up to where I was sitting. Then he stopped and looked at me.

    What happened next was hard to believe. But it all seemed quite natural. I held out my hands and scratched his head right between the antlers. And he liked it. The big, wild, beautiful deer bent his head.

    I scratched and touched his head and body. His nose touched my shoulder. I fed him with my last sandwich.

    Well, he finally went his way, down the hill. Shoot him? Not me. You wouldn't, either. Not after that. I just watched him go, a strong deer carrying a proud head.

    I picked up my gun, and started walking back. Suddenly, I heard two shots, one after another. If you have hunted much, you will know what two shots mean. They mean a kill. I had forgotten that there were other hunters around.

    You will now understand why I gave up hunting from that day on.

    About a hundred yards along the path we came to a deep valley, on the far side of which the path led into some very thick bushes. Rather than push through these, I decided that if we walked along the bottom of this valley we could go up again and rejoin the path on the far side of the bushes.

    As I climbed down into the valley a bird flew off a rock on which I had put my hand. On looking at the spot from which the bird had risen I saw two eggs. They were a kind that I did not have in my collection.  So I placed them carefully in my bag, wrapping them in dry grass.

    As we went further down the valley, the sides became steeper(陡峭)and not far from where I had entered it came to a drop of about twelve to fourteen feet. The water that rushed down all these small valleys in the rainy season had worn the rock as glass. As it was too deep to climb down, I handed my gun to one of the men and slid down it. My feet had hardly touched the sandy bottom when two men jumped down, one on each side of me. They quickly gave me the gun and asked me if I had heard the tiger. In fact, I had heard nothing, possibly because of the noise I made sliding down the rock. The men said they had heard a tiger growling(吼)somewhere nearby, but they did not know from which direction the noise had come.

    During my travels through the mountains of Greece I was only ever scared once. It was dusk and as I walked alone I came across six large wolves that were feeding on the body of a dead animal. I had heard many stories about wolves as a child and it was this animal that I feared more than any other. The wolves before me were huge, at least 6 feet long and covered with thick grey fur.

    As I approached, the wolves left the blood-covered snow that surrounded the body and started walking towards me, one after another. They stopped about 20 meters from me and stared. The lead wolf raised his head into the air and took in a deep breath, as if he was smelling my presence. The animals looked both beautiful and terrifying, but I knew I could not show them my fear. As I drew nearer, the lead wolf raised its head once more but this time let out a loud howl(长嚎). The awful cry rang out across the silent valley. I had never heard a more frightening sound. I was almost certain it signaled death.

    Every moment I expected to see the pack dash(猛冲) at me. I knew my only hope was to pretend I had no fear. I walked past the line of wolves, like a general moving among his soldiers. They howled out again. But when they saw that their war-cry did not cause me to change my direction or make me run they feared to come after me, and they let me pass and returned to the dead animal.

    Had I turned back or tried to run away when they marched out to meet me I was certain the whole pack would have attacked me in a moment. But my show of false courage intimidated(威胁) them and kept them back.

    Choose Your One-Day Tours!

    Tour A—Bath & Stonehenge including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge—￡37 until 26 March and ￡39 thereafter.

    Visit the city with over 2, 000 years of history and Bath Abbey, the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum. Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5, 000 years.

    Tour B—Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary's Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's house—￡32 until 12 March and ￡36 thereafter.

    Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges .Look over the “city of dreaming spires(尖顶)” from St Mary's Church Tower. Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.

    Tour C—Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace—￡34 until 11 March and ￡37 thereafter.

    Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry Ⅷ's favourite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrance fees not included).With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫) where it is easy to get lost!

    Tour D—Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great—￡33 until 18 March and ￡37 thereafter.

    Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.

Healthy Sleep Tips

    Below is some advice on how to sleep better.

    Maintain a regular bed and wake time schedule. Go to bed at the same time every night.  Try not to break this routine on weekends when it may be tempting to stay up late. As with your bedtime, try to maintain your regular wake time even on weekends.

      When it's time to sleep, make sure that your environment is dark. Even dim lights—especially those from TV or computer screens—can confuse the body clock. Heavy curtains or shades can help block light from windows, or you can try an eye mask to cover your eyes. The temperature of your bedroom also affects sleep. A bedroom that is too hot or too cold can interfere with sleep quality.

    Turn off your TV. Many people use the television to fall asleep or relax at the end of the day.  However, television actually stimulates the mind, rather than relaxes it.

      Exercise helps promote restful sleep if it is done several hours before you go to bed. Exercise can help you fall asleep faster and sleep more soundly—as long as it's done at the right time. Try to finish exercising at least three hours before bed or work out earlier in the day.

    Consult your doctor. Use a sleep diary and talk to your doctor. Note what type of sleep problem is affecting your sleep or if you are sleepy when you wish to be awake and alert. Try these tips and record your sleep and sleep related activities in a sleep diary. 

A. Exercise at the right time.

B. Change your sleeping position.

C. Keep your room dark and cool.

D. Choose a time when you normally feel tired.

E. You may even have a television in your bedroom.

F. If problems continue, discuss the sleep diary with your doctor.

G. Sleeping well is vital for physical, mental and emotional health.

    Every day, the news of the world reaches people by over 300 million copies of daily papers, over 400 million radio sets, and over 150 million television sets. Additional news is 1  by motion pictures, in theatres and cinemas all over the world.

    As more people learn what the important events of the day are, 2  still only care about the events of their own household. Nearly four hundred years ago the English writer John Donne said, "No man is an island. "This 3  is more proper today than it was when Donne lived. 4 , wherever he lives, a man 5  to some society and we are becoming more and more aware that 6  happens in one particular society affects, somehow, the life of mankind.

    Newspapers have been published in the 7   world for about four hundred years. Most of the newspapers 8  today are read in Europe and North America. However, 9  they may be read in all parts of the world 10  the new inventions that are changing the techniques of newspaper 11 .

    Electronics and automation have made it 12  to produce pictures and texts far more quickly than before. Photographic copying doesn't need to use type and printing machines. And fewer experts, 13  typesetters(排字工人), are needed to produce a paper or magazine with the 14  method. Therefore, the publishing of newspapers and magazines can 15  more money. Besides, photocopies can be sent over great       16  now by means of television channels and satellites. Thus, 17     can be brought to the public more quickly than before.

    Machines that prepare printed texts for photocopies are being used a great deal today. 18  film is light and small, it can be sent rapidly 19  other places and used to print copies of the text where they are needed. Film pictures can also be 20   projected on a movie or television screen.

    When you are in England, you must be very careful in the street  the traffic drives on the left. Before. (cross) a street, you must look to the right and then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from  , the streets are very busy. Traffic is the most   (danger) then.

    When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, too. Always remember the traffic   (move) on the left. So you must be careful.(have) a look first, or you will go   wrong way.

    In many English cities, there are big buses with two   (floor). You can sit on the (two) floor. There you can see the city very well. It's very   (interest).

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2）只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

    The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.

问题：学校和一所小学毗邻，对着马路，高峰期交通繁忙;孩子小，需家长接送，交通更拥挤;学生在车辆中穿行过马路很危险。

建议：政府应采取措施，如修天桥等。

注意：

1）书信应包括以上内容，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;

2）词数100左右。

参考词汇：市长 mayor;天桥 overpass