Australia was first used as an island prison by Britain to solve their problem of having a fast growing prison population. These early settlers were those who were sent from all over Great Britain, including Ireland, Wales, and Scotland. Later events, such as the gold rush, caused several waves of immigration (移居) from Europe, Asia and other parts of the world. It is commonly thought that Australians are offspring (后代) of those criminals (罪犯)! In fact, only a part of Australians are those criminals' offspring. Also, in those days, people could be put into prison or sent to Australia for small crimes, like stealing a loaf of bread. Today Australia is home to the largest Greek and Italian communities in the world, outside Greece and Italy. This has helped the Australian accent develop.
Australian English was created by the first generation of children born in the new area. Since they talked with people who have different accents, they began to speak a distinct dialect of English that was to become the language of the nation. These differences were first noted by late arrivals in the early 1800s, and the language sounds like Cockney English, spoken by the workingclass in London.
Soon, words from native languages were to become part of the Australian English. Here are some words you may consider them to be Standard English. In fact, they are from native Australian languages!
The names of many places and animals, including Canberra (the Australian capital, meaning "meeting place" in a local language).
Hard yakka — meaning "hard work", coming from the language of the Brisbane area.
Cooee — a call used traditionally by native Australians to attract attention, because the sound can travel long distances.
Bung — meaning "dead", but also used to mean broken or useless, for example, "He has a bung eye".
I traveled to London, England in the spring of 2016. Actually, I traveled with CAPA International Education on a study program. At that time, I did a full threemonth program but I traveled on weekends and during breaks.
I used to live in a small town outside New York. The idea of big cities has always excited me and I wanted to take advantage of that onceinalifetime opportunity. It was a great opportunity for me to see how independent I could be in another country, because I hope to travel a lot more in the future.
I lived in a flat in Ealing Broadway with several other students from different American schools. The biggest surprise I found there was the culture shock I experienced. I had expected traveling to London to be an easy transition (转变) for me because I thought their culture was close to that of America. But you know the language and the people were greatly different from what I had expected. They had different accents. In fact, they were noisy and more freethinking than most Americans I knew.
However, I tried to take part in their giant Chinese New Year celebration in Trafalgar Square. I went to several Jewish society holiday celebrations and actively participated in any cultural activities I knew at that time. It was great to be able to truly put myself in their culture. These are experiences I couldn't get anywhere else.
I would suggest people hoping to follow in my footsteps not let anything hold them back from exploring the foreign cultures presented to them. Yes, you are there for school, but your number one priority (优先) is yourself. So make sure you go home with no regrets. Do not miss anything!
Signs of Healthy Friendships
Once in a while it's helpful to see if your friendship is as healthy as it can be. You might get used to a friendship over time to the point where you don't see room for improvement. And since great friendships are priceless, you should always surround yourself with the kind of people who will lift your spirits, make you laugh, and remind (提醒) you that you are loved. Here are characteristics (特征) that strong friendships share.
Friends make you feel comfortable with yourself, so you don't need to act like someone you're not. Your friends know your shortcomings and love you anyway. You are perhaps the "best version" of yourself when you're with your friends.
A healthy friendship includes plenty of gentle honesty. True friends won't pretend just to avoid an argument (争论). As a result, you'll know where you stand with your friends and won't be afraid to share your true opinions.
They argue in a healthy way.
One of the biggest misunderstandings about good friends is that they never fight. But let's face it: everyone fights. In fact, voicing your opinions freely will cause you to disagree from time to time and that's okay.
Healthy friendships mean you can be friends with someone else, too.
That's why great friends will improve your relationship, yet still encourage you to meet people and try new things without them. A healthy friendship means that sometimes the two of you spend time apart, and that's okay.
A. Arguing isn't unhealthy.
B. Is your friendship as healthy as it can be?
C. Good friends dine out together from time to time.
D. Good friends are real and honest with each other.
E. With an unhealthy friendship, you know clearly that something is "off".
F. Even if you have the best friend, it doesn't hurt to expand your social circle.
G. In a positive friendship, your friends won't lie to you, and they won't hurt your feelings either.
注意：
1）词数80左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3）参考词汇：dubbing contest配音比赛；requirement要求
— Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
the train is late?
This is a story that happened 15 years ago, but it has always stayed with me since then.
On the way back from work every evening, there would be a 1 man, standing at the exit of the freeway. He often 2 at every car, smiling. Every time I got close to him, I would hand him some spare coins. He always said to me, "Thank you. I'm blessed!" And I always left with 3 and satisfaction.
It 4 me that even in the unsettled lifestyle i he was so 5. And his reply would remind me / of how 6 I was — a single mother with a lovely child, with a place to call home and with a t job to 7 my kid.
One day, I was informed by my boss that I was 8 due to the terrible economy. A feeling of 9 surrounded me. I was in no mood to do anything. On my way home, I didn't do 10 had always done when I saw the man, who was still 11 others by waving with a smile. I just drove straight ahead.
To my 12, while I was in line at a red light y to leave the ramp (坡道), he stopped at my car with a dollar bill, saying 13, "You look unhappy, but you know all will tum out fine. Give you a dollar today and 14!" Then he left.
That day he taught me a lesson. No matter what material things are taken from you, no one can take away your 15 to be joyful.
, you must ensure their quality.
Jenny and I met in the first grade. She sat behind me. We were both shy and had nothing to say to each other until the day when she asked to borrow my ruler, which was given to me by my grandmother as a birthday gift. My grandmother passed away when I was five. I considered it as one of my most valuable possessions (财产) at that time. However, I lent it to Jenny and she kept it for too long. I turned around to take it back, but Jenny wasn't through with it. I took it suddenly, she held on, and the ruler broke. I cried. She cried. We blamed (指责) each other. And, in the manner of six-year-olds, from that day forward, we were inseparable, becoming the best of friends.
As the years passed, we spent many nights at each other's houses talking about our plans for the future. We were going to move to a big city and be roommates in a large apartment. I would be a writer, and she would be an artist. She would illustrate my books, and we would both be successful and famous. When we were older, probably around twenty-five, we would marry and live next door to each other.
Then life took an unexpected turn. When we were fourteen, Jenny's father took a job in another city, which could provide her family with a quality life. Their last stop on the way out of town was my house. I stood in the middle of the road, waving and weeping (哭泣).
Still, we stay in touch, making video calls regularly. Each time the summer holidays approach, both of us are very excited because we can't wait to visit each other.
