过去完成时 知识点

表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
形式
①肯定句: 主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.
②否定句: 主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句: Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他?
肯定回答: Yes, 主语+had.
否定回答: No, 主语+hadn't.
④特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+过去分词+其他?
⑤被动语态: 主语+had(not) +been+动词过去分词+其他.

基本用法
(1)表示在过去某一时刻前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。
例如:By nine o’clock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。
如:I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。
如:Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
I didn't know a thing about the verbs,for I had not studied my lesson.
我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。
(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
例如:I returned the book that I had borrowed.
我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost.
她丢失的钥匙找到了。
(5)过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
例如:He said that he had known her well.
他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
(6)状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 如:when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的复合句。
例如:When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.
我醒来时雨已停了。
She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work.
她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
如:After he arrived in England,Marx worked hard to improve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。
(7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。
如:They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
我们本来希望能来看看你。
(8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…,no sooner…than…,It was the first(second,etc) time (that)…等固定句型中
如:Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.

过去完成时常用的时间状语有:
1、By the end of last+时间段,如:By the end of last term, we had learned 5000 new words.到上学期末,我们已经学了5000个新词。
2、By the time sb. +动词过去式,如:The bus had already left by the time I got there.
3、By (the time of)+时间段,如:By the time of last year ,we had built two bridges.

过去完成时 知识点题库

By the time I got back to school, the bell______.

   

A . rang B . has rung  C . had rung
Anna didn't see the movie last night because she  already  (see) the film.

Tom            by the time I got to the party.

A . left B . was leaving C . had left D . has left
By the time I got to school, I realized that I ________ my backpack at home.
A . have forgotten B . had forgotten C . have left D . had left
She said she in that school for 10 years. (teach)
Rose and Minnie ________ each other pretty well before they worked in the same bank.
A . knows B . know C . have known D . had known
My grandparents     for fifty years by the time My sister was 15.
A . married B . had married C . had got married D . had been married
The little boy    me a few minutes before his mother showed up.
A . stares at B . has stared at C . looks at D . had stared at
Great changes have tplace in our country over the past few years.
Helen _________ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _________ home.
A . had left; comes B . left; had come C . had left; came D . had left; would come
They said they ___________ from Dick since he __________at College.
A . heard; studied B . hadn't heard; studied C . have heard; has studied D . didn't heard; has studied
My parents _______________ to work by the time I _______________ up.
A . began; get B . had begun; had gotten C . had begun; got
That rich old man (make) a will before he (die).
When I got to the subway station,all the underground entrances(地铁入口)_____ for ten minutes.
A . has closed B . had been closed C . has been closed D . have closed
Gift shop had been ________ when we got there.
A . close B . to close C . closed
Alice __________________ Changsha, so you can't see her here today.
A . has been to B . has gone to C . goes to D . went
We were late for the film last night. It ____for 15 minutes when we arrived at the cinema.
A . had been on B . has been on C . has begun
—Were you in time for the film yesterday?

—No, we were late. It       when I to the cinema.

A . has begun; get B . had begun; got C . would begin; got D . has been on; get
I (meet) Kate by chance yesterday. We (not see) each other for six years.
The patient (die) when the doctor arrived.