情态动词的基本用法 知识点

情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。
一、 can, could
1. 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
例如:①Can you lift this heavy box?你能举起这个重箱子吗?
②Mary can speak three languages.Mary can speak three languages.
此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。
例如:I'll not be able to come this afternoon.我今天下午不能来了。
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用can。
例如:He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.尽管下着大雨,他还是去参加了昨晚的聚会。
2. 表示请求和允许。
例如:—Can I go now?— Yes, you can. / No, you can't.——我现在可以走了吗? ——可以,你可以的/不,你不能。
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
例如:— Could I come to see you tomorrow?— Yes, you can. ( No, I'm afraid not. )——我明天能来看你吗?——可以,(不,恐怕不行。)
3. 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
例如:①They've changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.他们改变了时间表,所以我们可以改乘公共汽车。
②This hall can hold 500 people at least.这个大厅至少可以容纳500人。
4.表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
例如:①Can this be true?这是真的吗?​​​
②This can't be done by him.他可能做不到的。
二、 may, might
1.  表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以,禁止”。
例如:①—Might/ May I smoke in this room?我可以=在屋里吸烟吗?— No, you mustn't你一定不要抽烟。
②— May/Might I take this book out of the room?我能把这本书拿出房间吗?— Yes, you can. (No, you can't / mustn't. )可以(不行)。
用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。
 2.用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
例如:May you succeed!祝你成功!
3.表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是may的过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。
例如:①He may /might be very busy now.现在他可能比较忙。
②Your mother may /might not  know the truth.你的妈妈可能不知道真相。
三、 must, have to
1.  表示必须、必要。
例如:You must come in time.你必须及时赶到。
在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn't“禁止,不准”,而用needn't, don't have to“不必”。
例如:— Must we hand in our exercise books today?我们今天一定要交练习本吗?— Yes, you must.是的。—— No, you don't have to / you needn't.没必要。
2. must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。
例如:①The play isn't interesting, I really must go now.这出戏不好玩,我真的得走了。
② I had to work when I was your age.我像你这么大的时候还得工作。
 3.表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)。
例如:① You're Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best.你是汤姆的好朋友,所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。
②Your mother must be waiting for you now.你你母亲现在一定在等你。
四、 dare, need
1.dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
例如:①How dare you say I'm unfair?你怎么敢说我不公平?
② He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?他不敢在这么多人面前说英语,是吗?
③ If we dared not go there that day, we couldn't get the beautiful flowers.如果那天我们不敢去那里,我们就得不到那些美丽的花。
 2.  need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
例如:①You needn't come so early.你没必要来这么早。
② —Need I finish the work today?——需要我今天完成工作吗?—Yes, you must. / No, you needn't.——是的,你必须完成/没必要。
 3. dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
例如:① I dare to swim across this river.我敢游过这条河。
② He doesn't dare (to) answer.他不敢回答。
③ He needs to finish his homework today.他今天必须完成作业。
五、 shall, should
1.shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。
例如:What shall we do this evening?今晚我们做什么?
2. shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
例如: ①You shall fail if you don't work hard.如果你不努力,你就会失败。(警告)
② He shall have the book when I finish it.当我完成这本书的时候,他会得到这本书。(允诺)
③ He shall be punished.他应该受到惩罚。(威胁)
六、 will, would
1. 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。
例如:Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? 你能把球传给我吗?
2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。
例如:① I will never do that again.我再也不会那么做了。
② They asked him if he would go abroad.他们问他是否愿意出国。
3.  would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
例如:①During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.假期期间,他每隔一天来看我一次。
② The wound would not heal.伤口无法愈合。
4.表示估计和猜想。
例如:It would be about ten o'clock when she left home.她离开家的时候大概是十点。
七、 should, ought to
1.  should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。
例如:① I should help her because she is in trouble.我应该帮她,因为她有麻烦了。
② You ought to take care of the baby.你应该好好照顾孩子。
2.  表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。
例如:① You should / ought to go to class right away.你应该立刻去上课。
② Should I open the window?我应该打开窗户吗?
3.表示推测。should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。
例如:①He must be home by now.现在他肯定在家。 (断定他已到家)
②He ought to/should be home by now.现在他应该在家。(不太肯定)
③ This is where the oil must be.这里一定有石油。(直爽)
④This is where the oil ought to/should be.这里应该有石油。(含蓄)
八、 情态动词+不定式完成式(have done)
1.  can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”,是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。
例如:① You could have done better, but you didn't try your best. 你本可以做得更好,但你没有尽力。(虚拟语气)
② He can't have been to that town.他不可能去过那个小镇。(推测)
③ Can he have got the book?他能拿到那本书吗?(推测)
2. may / might +不定式完成式(have done)表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法。might所表示的可能性比may小。
例如:① He may not have finished the work .他可能还没完成任务。
② If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.如果我们走另一条路,我们可能会早点到达。
3.must +不定式完成式(have done)用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can,can't代替。
例如:① You must have seen the film Titanic.你一定看过电影《泰坦尼克号》。
② He must have been to Shanghai.他一定去过上海。
4.should +不定式完成式(have done)用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互换。
例如:①He should have finished the work by now.他现在应该已经完成工作了。
② You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn't.)你本应该去帮助他(实际上没有)。
③ She shouldn't have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.她不该拿走我的卷尺,因为我想用它。
5. needn't +不定式完成式(have done)表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。
例如:You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你不必浇这些花,因为要下雨了。
6.will +不定式完成式(have done)主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。
例如:He will have arrived by now.他现在应该到了。

情态动词的基本用法 知识点题库

If you __ go, at least wait until the storm is over.

A . can B . may C . must D . will
 You _______ feel all the training a waste of time, but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.

A . should  B .  need  C . shall  D . may
请用适当情态动词填空,每空一词。

  1. (1) In those days on winter evenings, we all sit around the fire, chatting.

  2. (2) Your sister has been admitted to Beijing University? She be quite clever!

  3. (3) You haven't finished your paper? But you have finished it by the end of last week!

  4. (4) I promise if you win the football game, all of you have a chance to travel in Paris for free.

–Mummy, the toy advertised on TV is really fantastic. Will you buy me one?

--OK. You __________  have one if you behave well.

A . might B . must C . could D . shall
According to the school rule, no student ________ go out during the class without the teacher's permission.
A . could B . need C . shall D . would
You ____ be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
A . must B . can C . will D . shall
Nothing is wasted and everything ,even plastic bags, can be(回收).
I would a it if you could pay in cash.
You should (apology) to your teacher for coming late.
She knew she was wrong, but she ________ tell him.
A . dare not to B . dare C . dares not D . dare not
There is a great noise in their room. The couplebe still quarreling at this time.
— Can't you stay a little longer?

— It's getting late. I really  go now, my daughter is home alone.

—Did you  (buy) the film tickets yesterday?

—Yes, I  (buy) two. I can  (give) one to you.

I knew she be in because I heard the radio, but she didn't open the door.
With luck, tomorrow (can/could)  be a cooler day.
My father's birthday is coming. What (shall/may)  I give him?
Why don't you try on this dress? It (will/can)  look nice on you.
I  have hurt your feelings, but it was not my intention.
Children under 10 years of age be under adult supervision when entering the museum.
—Mummy, I would really like a laptop.

—You  get a laptop as long as you pass your entrance examination.