实义动词 知识点

一、实义动词的定义:实义动词(实意动词)与系动词是相对的,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。实义动词意思完全相反,能独立用作谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词(及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词;不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词) 即行为动词,表示动作的动词。
二、实义动词的分类:实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1.及物动词:后面必须跟宾语,意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词。英语中的及物动词有:interest,worry,guess,please,surprise,love等。
例如:I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
2.不及物动词
(1)本身意义完整,后面不用跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词。
例如:①Birds can fly. 鸟会飞。
②It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。
③She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
(2) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:
(a) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。
试比较:①Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
②She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)
③When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)
④They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)
(b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。
例如:①Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
②Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?
(3)与汉语的比较有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法完全不一样,请注意下列两种情况:
(a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。
例如:①We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)
②Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)
③Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可以省去)
(b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve,为…...服务。
Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务。

实义动词 知识点题库

_________ his high social status, it is really hard for us to ______his joining us in going west to teach children there.
A . Considering; oppose B . Considered; prevent from C . To consider; persuade D . Being considered; object to
Students are encouraged to pin some social practice.
Many people expect that credit cards will ________ paper money completely in the near future.
A . trade B . rescue C . replace D . search
Her mother doesn't (赞成) of her smoking.
He's a shy boy who can't (communication) with other people very well. (所给词的适当形式填空)
A mirror in the sun can r light into a person's eyes. (反射)
The Egyptians rejected the pig as impure and would never s a pig to the gods.
The website can introduce more about different countries, which can (拓宽) our horizons.
Mike has to(减少) his expenses because he lost his job last month.
Don't (打扰) me while I am taking my nap.
You can (阐明) this question if you make a careful study of British history.
We should (提交) our plans to the council for approval.
Don't h to call me if you need any help.
If she sang, he would (伴奏) her on the piano. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
Even if we cannot agree, we should  (保持) our contact.
We can (克服) any difficulty, however great.
I cannot ithis signature.
We have had to a quickly to the new system.
P the return key to enter the information.
I have booked two rooms for the whole family.

(词性: 词义:)