助动词 知识点

一、助动词的定义:协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词,也叫辅助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词用来构成时态和语态。 助动词具有语法意义,但除情态助动词外没有词汇意义,不可单独作谓语。最常用的助动词有:be, have/has, do/does/did , shall, should, will, would,can,could等。它没有对应的翻译。
例如: He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。(does是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
二、助动词的分类:
1.半助动词:在功能上介于主动词和助动词之间的一类结构,称为半助动词。常见的半助动词有:be to, be about to, be due to, be going to, be likely to, be meant to,be obliged to, be supposed to, be willing to, have to, seem to,be unable to, be unwilling to. 等。
2.情态助动词:
(1)情态助动词包括will(would), shall(should), can(could), may(might), must, need, dare, ought to, used to, had better,有词汇意义,后接动词原形(没有to的不定式)。
(2)情态助动词没有主语是第三人称单数时,词尾不加s。(如She will come here.) 情态助动词不受主语的人称和数的限制。
(3)两个情态助动词不能连用。
3.基本助动词:基本助动词只有三个:be, do, have, 它们没有词汇意义,只有语法作用,如协助构成进行体,完成体,被动态,否定句,疑问句等。 例如:①He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告。
②He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划。
③The small animals are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里。
三、助动词的作用:
a. 表示时态
例如:①He is singing. 他在唱歌。
②He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态
例如:He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句
例如:①Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
②Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句
例如:I did not (=didn't )like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强肯定或祈使语气,
例如:①Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
②He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。

助动词 知识点题库

The boy spent as much time watching TV as he _______ studying.

A . does B . had C . was D . did
— You shouldn't have gone there alone last night.

— But I ______, because Xiao Wang went there, too.

A . didn't B . had to C . did D . should
Only when his wife left him  he know that he still loved her.
The singer and the dancer _____come to Beijing.
A . has B . have C . are D . is
— Tony is on cloud nine and he smiles at everyone.

—So        you if you come first in the competition.

A . do B . are C . would D . will
Meat _______ out in this shop. We can _________ now.
A . have been sold, get nothing B . has been sold, get nothing C . has been sold, get some D . have been sold, get some
Silk ___________ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A . had become B . was becoming C . has become D . is becoming
So far this year we________ a fall in house prices by between 5 percent and 10 percent.
A . saw B . see C . had seen D . have seen
It was the first time ______ I ______ face to face with the president.
A . when; had come B . that; have come C . when; came D . that; had come
We won't start the work until all the preparations ________.
A . are being made B . will be made C . have been made D . had been made
It was the first time that she ______________ gone to the summer camp in Shanghai, so her parents were concerned __________ her safety.
A . had; about B . had; with C . has; with D . has; about