现在完成时 知识点
一、现在完成时的概念: 现在完成时是过去的动作或状态持续到现在,对现在造成的影响,可能持续发生下去。完成时态的构成分为两部分:一是助动词,二是实义动词的过去分词。
二、过去分词的变化规则:
(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加“-ed ”。例如:work-worked, visit-visited
(2)以不发音的“e、ue”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“-d ”。例如:live-lived
(3)以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i",再加“-ed”。例如:study—studied,cry—cried,try—tried
(4)“重读闭音节”结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母(w、y、x除外),辅音字母前只有一个元音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“-ed”。例如:stop—stopped,plan—planned
特例:有两类动词本身应该直接加“-ed”,但由于历史习惯,依旧要双写最后一个字母,再加“-ed”。以“元音字母+l”非重读结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写“l",再加“-ed”。例如cancel→cancelled,dial→dialled。另外还有一些以非重读闭音节结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加“-ed”。例如:kidnap→kidnapped,worship→worshipped。而上述两种情况在美国一般却直接加“-ed”。
(5)以c结尾的动词,要变c为ck,再加“-ed”。例如:picnic→picnicked,traffic→trafficked
三、现在完成时的构成:
基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语(或者其他).
②否定句:主语+have/has not (haven't/hasn't) +动词的过去分词+宾语.
③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语(或者其他)?
肯定回答:Yes, I/they/we/you have.或Yes,she/he/人名 has.
否定回答:No, I/they/we/you haven't.或No,she/he/人名 hasn't.
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)
⑤被动语态:
现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式为:have/ has +been +done。例如:The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。
现在完成时的被动语态的否定式为:have/ has +not +been +done。例如:Tom's novel has not been published. 汤姆的小说还没有被出版。
现在完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将have /has提到主语的前面。例如:Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行车修好了吗?
现在完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为:疑问词+have /has +been +done? 例如:Who has been invited? 谁受到了邀请?
四、现在完成时的用法:
1.表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,并且这个动作对现在仍有影响或结果,同时说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。
例如:①He has been away from the city.他已离开这个城市。(结果:他不在这个城市。)
②Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着。)
③I have lost my pen.我把钢笔丢了。(结果:我现在无钢笔用。)
④He has finished his work.他把工作做完了。(结果:他可以做其他的事了。)
2.表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况,并且这个不断重复的动作有可能继续下去,也有可能到现在就结束。例如:How often have you seen her again?你隔多长时间见她一次?
3.表示一个过去发生的动作或开始的状态在过去并未完成或结束,而是一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束),
例如:①He has taught in our school for 30 years.他在我们学校教书已有30年了。
②He has been busy since last week.自上个星期以来他一直很忙。
③He has worked for us ever since he left school.他离开学校以后就一直为我们工作。
注意:当现在完成时表示持续时,谓语动词不能使用非延续性动词(短暂性动词),而应该使用延续性动词,即换一种说法。
例如:①He has been away for one minute.他已经离开一分钟了。
②He has had this book for two months.他买这本书已有两个月了。
4.同一般现在时可以表示将来一样,现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表示将来。
例如:①I'll wait until he has written his letter.我要等到他把信写完。
②When you have rested, I'll show you the garden.等你休息好之后,我领你看我们的花园。
现在完成时 知识点题库
Ladies and gentlemen, due to an unexpected accident, one of the singers whom all of you ________ to see won't be performing tonight.
A . are coming
B . have come
C . come
D . came
The family with the aim of travelling by plane ________ more than four times what it was several years ago.
A . have increased
B . has increased
C . were increasing
D . was increasing
Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement so far by the two sides.
A . has been reached
B . was reached
C . will reach
D . will have reached
The country life he was used to _____ greatly since 1992.
A . change
B . has changed
C . changing
D . have changed
This is the first time I ______Tian'anmen Square. You can't imagine how excited I am.
A . have visited
B . am visiting
C . visit
D . visited
Ever
since they moved to this apartment, Mary and Alice
(be) good partners.
She has
(投稿) a number of articles to the magazine.
The musician along with his band members ________ ten performances in the last three months.
A . gives
B . has given
C . have given
D . give
Her spoken English has (improve) a lot.
They (visit)
France twice in the past five years.
They the plan for a week, but no decision has .
A . have been discussing; made
B . have been discussing; been made
C . have been discussed; been made
D . are discussing; been made
The person who is of the factory ill since last week.
A . in charge; has been
B . in charge; has fallen
C . taking charge; was
D . in charge; fell
It is the first time that the
book (translate) into a foreign
language.
The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents_______ over the past year.
A . increase
B . increases
C . have increased
D . has increased
Large quantities of money _________ spent on the project so far; it is enough.
A . is
B . were
C . has been
D . have been
Many a man______ come to help us.
A . have
B . has
C . is
D . are
He has (发表)
more than 30 science fictions.
I've never (exchange) words
with those moms beyond small talk,but they wanted to
help.
I have been (privilege) to work with the pioneers
of silicon technology.
When and where the football match will be held (decide) already.