过去完成时 知识点

一、过去完成时的概念:过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果,用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。 它表示动作发生的时间是"过去的过去",侧重事情的结果。
二、过去分词的变化规则:
规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加"-ed "。例如:work-worked,visit-visited
(2)以不发音的"e、ue"结尾的动词,只在词尾加"d "。例如:live-lived
(3)以"辅音字母+ y "结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i",再加"-ed"。例如:study-studied,cry-cried,try-tried
(4)"重读闭音节"结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母(w、y、x除外),辅音字母前只有一个元音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加"-ed"。例如:stop-stopped, plan-planned
(5)以c结尾的动词,要变c为ck,再加"-ed"。例如:picnic→picnicked,traffic→trafficked
特例:有两类动词本身应该直接加"ed",但由于历史习惯,依旧要双写最后一个字母,再加"ed"。以"元音字母+l"非重读结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写"l",再加"ed"。例如cancel→cancelled,dial→dialled。另外还有一些以非重读闭音节结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加"ed"。例如:kidnap→kidnapped,worship→worshipped。而上述两种情况在美国一般却直接加"ed"。
三、过去完成时的用法:
1.表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即"过去的过去"。可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。
例如:By nine o'clock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。
2.表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。
例如:①I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。
②He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
3.叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。
例如:①Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
②I didn't know a thing about the verbs,for I had not studied my lesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。
4.在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
例如:①I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。
②She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。
5. 过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
例如:①He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。
②I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
6.状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。常用于when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的复合句。
例如:①When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。
②She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
例如:After he arrived in England,Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。
7.动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。
例如:①They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。
②We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我们本来希望能来看看你。
8.过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…,no sooner…than…,It was the first(second,etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。
例如:①Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。
②No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。③It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。

过去完成时 知识点题库

Before they visited India, they(record) several albums.

By the end of last week we ___________ 200 pictures from the spaceship.
A . receiving B . received C . have received D . had received
—How was your job interview?

—Very successful. I ________ my homework about the company, you know.

A . had done B . have done C . did D . was doing
We (intend) to arrive at our destination at 9 o'clock, but we didn't because of the traffic jam.
It was the second time that he  (visit) the Great Wall.
I (hope) to send him a telegram to congratulate him on his marriage, but I didn't manage it.
When I entered the step-classroom(阶梯教室), the lecture _________ and the people _________ attentively.
A . began, listened B . was begun, was listening C . had begun, listened D . had begun, were listening
Our friendship had steadily (加强,加深) over the years.
What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.
A . had B . will have C . would have had D . had had
When they first came to the city, my parents often went to neighbors for a talk, just as they ________ in the countryside.
A . will do B . had done C . have done D . were doing
He was upset, because his car (damage破坏) seriously.
By the time the doctor arrived, the patient (lose) his life.
Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.
A . had expected B . have expected C . would expect D . expect
The student said there were a few points in the essay he _________impossible to comprehend.
A . has found B . was finding C . had found D . would find
They brought about ________ impossible-navigating a ship carrying human beings to the moon for a landing, and then back.
A . what was regarded B . what had been regarded C . what was thought D . what had been thought
He had been honest with her but she had t him!
Before he died he had c(消耗)a large quantity of alcohol. (根据中英文提示填空)
How many members had officially (注册) in the club by the end of last month?
A local radio said that several eruptions (take) place in the previous twenty years.
A car (crash) into a tree because the driver (fall) asleep.