倒装句 知识点

一、倒装的概念:为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中,颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变,句法成分不变。
二、倒装的种类:倒装分为两类:完全倒装和部分倒装
(一)完全倒装句:谓语部分完全放在主语之前的句子,便是完全倒装句。
1.副词、介词短语类
①表示地点的副词 here, there 置于句首,且主语是名词(不是代词) , 需用完全倒装, 其形式为: There/Here+谓语+主语。 常用于此句型的谓语动词为 be, go, come, exist, follow, remain, lie等, 时态要用一般现在时。
例如:There goes the last bus.末班公共汽车开走了。Here is the address of your hotel.这里就是你宾馆的地址。
There goes the bell for break.下课铃响了。
注意:代词作主语,不倒装。   例如:Behind the counter he stood. 他站在柜台后面。
②表示时间的副词(如: now, then 等) 、运动方向的副词(如: out, in, up, down, away 等) 及表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词(不是代词) , 需用完全倒装,其形式为:副词或介词短语+谓语+主语。 常用于此句型的谓语动词为 come, fall, follow,exist, lie, go, remain, run 等,时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。
例如:Now comes your turn! 现在该你了!
Up went the arrow into the air.箭直射向空中。
Under the table sleeps a white cat.在桌子下面睡着一只白色的猫。
注意:代词作主语,不倒装 。     例如:Behind the counter he stood. 他站在柜台后面。
2.表语类  
为了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分等,将作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语、such 置于句首时,需用完全倒装,其形式为:形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语/such+be+主语。例如:Happy are those who are contented.知足者常乐。Growing all over the mountain are wild flowers.漫山遍野长满了野花。Seated on the ground are a group of young people.席地而坐的是一群年轻人。
Inside the parcel was a letter.包裹里有封信。Such were his words.( = Such was what he said.)这就是他说的话。
(二)不部分倒装句:把 be 动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语之前的句子叫部分倒装句。 这类句型主要有下面几种:
1.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句, 且放在句首时。
例如:Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。
使用特点:
(1) 在部分倒装句中, 如果谓语部分无助动词, 则需找助动词来“帮助” 构成倒装句。
例如: Only after the war did he learn the sad news.只是在战后他才得知那个不幸的消息。
(2) only 修饰状语从句时, 从句不可倒装, 主句倒装。        
例如: Only when he returned did we find out the truth.只是当他回来的时候, 我们才查明了真相。
(3) only 修饰主语时, 句子不可倒装。        
例如: Only he can answer the question.只有他能回答这个问题。
2. 否定词 never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely,rarely 及表否定意义的介词短语 at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。
例如:Never before have I seen such a moving film. = I have neverseen such a moving film before.以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。
Not a single mistake did he make. = He didn't make a single mistake.他一个错误也没犯。
Hardly do I think it possible to finish the work before dark.= I hardly think it possible to finish the work before dark.我认为在天黑之前完成这项工作几乎是不可能的。
3.六个重要的固定句型
(1) “ so+be 动词 /助动词 /情态动词+主语” 意为“ …… 也是如此” 。例如:They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.他们喜欢交很多朋友, 那些身有残疾的人也是如此。
使用特点:
①此句型也可写成“ it is /was the same with...” 或“so it is /was with...” 。
例如:They love having lots of friends;it is the same with those with disabilities./so it is with those with disabilities.他们喜欢有很多朋友,残疾人也是一样。
②如果仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的 so = indeed) ,那么句子不可使用倒装。 试比较:
A: I was afraid.(I 指的是 A)   
B: So was I.(I 指的是 B, 此句意为: I was afraid, too.) 
 A: 我害怕。B: 我也是。
A: I was afraid.(I 指的是 A)
B: So you were. (you 指的也是 A。 此句意为: Indeed youwere afraid.)
A: 我害怕。B: 你就是这样。
(2) “ neither/nor+ be 动词 /助动词 /情态动词 + 主语” 意为“ ……也不这样” 。
例如:Lily can't ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy. 莉莉不会骑自行车, 露西也不会。
使用特点:
①此句型也可写成“ it is /was the same with...” 或“ so it is /was with...” 。 
例如:Lily can't ride a bicycle; it is the same with Lucy./so it is with Lucy. Lily 不会骑自行车, lucy 也一样。
②此句型中的 neither/nor 不可用 so...not 替代,但可用 not...either 改写。       
例如: I have never been abroad.Neither/Nor has he.我从没去过海外。他也没去过。= I have never been abroad.He has never/not been abroad,either.
(3)如此……以至于……   “So+adj. /adv. ...that...”或者“Such+(a/an+) adj. +n. ...that...”。
例如:So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他说英语说得如此清晰,以至于别人都能听得懂。
Such an interesting book does he have that we all want to read it.他有一本如此有趣的书,以至于我们都想读。
使用特点:
在这个句型中,so, such 后面的句子要倒装,而 that 引导的从句不倒装。
(4) Neither..., nor...意为“ ……不……,……也不……” 。 
例如:Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.我不知道这件事,也不关心。
使用特点:  由于 neither 和 nor 都是否定词, 所以它们后面的句子均需倒装。
(5) Not only...but also...意为“ 不仅……而且……” 。 
例如:Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助, 而且也要给那些有需要的人提供药物治疗。
使用特点:  此句型也可写成 Not only...but...或 Not only...but...as well 的形式,但 but(also) 连接的句子必需用正常语序。
(6) Not until...意为“ 直到……才……” 。   
例如:Not until 4:00 in the morning could he fall asleep.直到早晨 4 点他才睡着。     Not until he returned did we have supper.直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。
使用特点:not until 引导的是从句时, until 从句的主谓不可倒装, 只是主句需要倒装。
三、形式倒装   形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。 它的特点是: 只把强调的内容提至句首, 主谓并不倒装。 这样的结构非常多, 但有几个重要的句型需要特别注意:
1 .感叹句       
例如:(1)What an interesting talk they had!他们进行了一次多么有趣的谈话呀!    
(2)How interesting their talk is!他们的谈话多么有趣呀!
使用特点:对名词(或中心词是名词) 感叹时, 用 what 引出; 对形容词或副词感叹时, 用 how 引出。
2.the more..., the more...句型        例如:The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.你听英语听得越多, 它就变得越简单。
使用特点:
(1) 此句型中的 more 代表的是形容词或副词的比较级, 要灵活使用。   
例如:The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你学习越努力, 取得的进步就越大。
(2) 此句型中的第一个 the more 引导的部分相当于一个条件状语从句; 第二个 the more 引导的部分相当于一个主句。所以,上面例句的意思实质上就是: If you work harder, you will makegreater progress.
3.however, whatever 引导的让步状语从句
(1) “ however+adj. /adv. ” 引导的让步状语从句     
例如:However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening. 无论这个问题可能会有多难, 今晚我们必须解决它。
(2) “ whatever+n. ” 引导的让步状语从句       
例如:Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.     无论你有什么理由, 你都应当履行诺言。
4.as, though 引导让步状语从句时采用形式倒装的情况        
(1) 表语的倒装       
例如:Tired as/though he was, he still went on with his work.尽管很累,他还是继续工作。
Strange as/though it seems, it is true.尽管看上去奇怪,这事却是真的。
注意: 如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语, 不再用冠词。例如:Youngest as/though he is in our class, he speaks English best.他虽然是我们班年龄最小的,但他英语说得最好。
(2) 谓语动词的倒装       
例如:Try as he might, he didn't pass the exam.尽管很用功,但他考试还是不及格。     
Search as they would here and there, they could find nothing in the room. 尽管到处寻找,但他们在房间里找不到任何东西。
注意:行为动词前置时,从句主语后面要用 may, might, can,could, will, would 等情态动词,若没有情态动词,则需加上一个 do(does 或 did) 。 若前置的行为动词是及物动词,则其宾语也随其后一并提前。例如:Change your mind as /though you do, you will get no help from us.即使你改变主意,你也得不到我们的帮助。
(3) 状语的倒装       
例如:Much as he likes the bike, he doesn't want to buy it. 虽然他很喜欢那辆自行车,但他不想买它。
Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them.我虽然学习努力,但还是赶不上他们。

倒装句 知识点题库

Never before ___ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A . had she B . she had C . has she D . she has
________, the girl couldn't get the door open.
A . Try might as she B . Try as she might C . Might as she try D . Try although she might
I failed in the final exam last term and only then        the importance of study.
A . I realized B . I realize C . had I realized D . did I realize
Suddenly the string broke, leaving the kite flying free.       , higher and higher until it was out of sight.
A . Up did it fly B . Up flew it C . Up it flew D . Up did fly it
—My daughter's been practicing jazz dance for two years.

—Oh, really? So mine.

Not until she spoke I realize she was a foreigner.
Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and was I.
As your spoken English gets better, so ______ your written English.

A . does B . is C . has D . will
There, ______Mrs Smith, showing her pupils how to put a logo onto the new torch.
A . was on a platform standing B . was standing on a platform C . on a platform was standing D . standing on the platform was
In terms of the effects of the Internet on our lives, the ways we take advantage of it count,      our attitudes.
A . as are B . so do C . which are D . as do
Look,______ beautiful flowers_____ the girl carrying that she becomes the focus in the room.
A . such; are B . so; are C . such; is D . so; is
______ both sides accept the agreement ______ a lasting peace be established in this region.
A . Only if; will B . If only; would C . Should; will D . Unless; would
"They have done a good job." "and      ."
A . So they have done; so do you B . So they have; so have you C . So have they; so you have D . So it is with them; so it is with you
Morrison said not until national testing capacity had been increased ________ in Australia.
A . the rules would be relaxed B . would the rules be relaxed C . that the rules would be relaxed D . that would the rules be relaxed
Not until _________ in the college entrance exam _________ that he had wasted much time using his mobile phone to surf the Internet and play games.
A . had he failed; he realized B . he had failed; did he realize C . he had failed; he realized D . did he fail; did he realize
Not only       me improve my Spanish, but Campero introduced me to her culture.
A . she helped B . did she help C . had she helped D . she had helped
Only when he conquered his inner fear      a newfound sense of accomplishment and self-confidence.
A . did he gain B . he had gained C . he gained D . has he gained
With lots of new words     , he decides to read them every morning. His teacher said," only if     doing it     make it."
A . to recite; you keep on; can you B . to recite; do you keep on, can you C . recited; do you keep on; you can D . recited; you keep on; you can
The tourists were excited, for no sooner ______ the hotel ________ it snowed heavily.
A . they had returned; than B . had they returned; than C . they had returned; when D . after they returned; as
Much I admire his courage, I don't think he acted wisely.