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    It was in the Victorian Era(维多利亚时期) that the novel became the leading form of literature in English. Most writers were more concerned to meet the tastes of the middle class. The best known works of the period included the works of Charles Dickens and the Bronté sisters and others.

    Charles Dickens came on the literary scene in the 1830s. Dickens wrote vividly about London life and the struggles of the poor. Most of his works were written in a very humorous style, which was popular with readers of all classes.

    The Bronté sisters were English writers of the 1840s and 1850s. They began to write from early childhood. In 1846 they published the first book at their own expense as poets; however, their book attracted little attention, selling only two copies. Then the sisters turned to writing novels, each producing a novel in the following year.

    An interest in rural matters and the changing social and economic situation of the countryside may be seen in the novels of Thomas Hardy and a number of others.

    Literature for children developed as a single style. Some works became well-known, such as those of Lewis Carroll and Edward Lear. Adventure novels were written for adults but are now generally grouped in the list for children. Helen Beatrix Potter was an English author at the end of the Victorian Era, best known for her children's books, which featured animal characters. In her thirties, Potter published the highly successful children's book The Tale of Peter Rabbit in 1902.

    More companies and recyclers are taking steps to ensure that old electronic devices such as TVs and computers aren't sent to poor countries.

    The Basel Action Network, a Seattle-based non-profit that largely exposed the overseas discarding (丢弃) of US electronic waste, on Thursday launched a programme to use third-party employees to certify (证实) recyclers who don't export dangerous electronic waste.

    The so-called e-Steward recyclers will also agree not to discard the waste in US landfills and agree to meet other criteria. The certification is intended to provide companies and consumers with some assurance that the waste, which can include toxins (毒素) such as lead and mercury, is disposed of safely.

    The Government Accountability Office, in a 2008 report, declared that US electronic waste was often disposed of unsafely in such countries as India. There, workers recycle gold, silver and copper from the waste, often in open-air acid baths.

    The Basel Network also says it won assurances from 13 organizations, including Samsung, Bank of America, Wells Far-go, that they'll use e-Steward recyclers whenever possible. Wells Fargo had already been using recyclers who declared not to export. So far, Basel has certified three recyclers and seven sites.

    Before e-stewards, even, companies that wanted to avoid export of electronic waste had to “hope for the best”, when, they handed their waste to recyclers, says Robert Houghton, president of Ohio-based recycler Redemtech. It is an e-Steward that counts major companies among its customers. “Now, they can get some proof,” Houghton says.

    Basel's standards compete with another set launched in January. It was made by industry and backed by the Environmental Protection Agency.

    That standard, called R-2, doesn't ban the export of dangerous electronic waste but requires that it be handled safely. Instead of a ban, the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries says, efforts should be made to help poor countries develop safe recycling.

OUR PRODUCT RANGE

    WELCOME TO  NELSON HONEY & MARKETING

    For over 100 years the Cropp family have worked with nature, extracting the honey delicately, to bring you the finest quality New Zealand Honey. In 1973 third generation beekeeper Philip Cropp set up Nelson Honey & Marketing. His passion for bees, the many wonderful products they produce, have seen Nelson Honey grow from humble beginnings to a hugely successful company with a growing range of honey products sought after worldwide.

    Philip's “Honey will fix it” approach is legendary among friends, neighbors and customers and has been the driver behind some of the revolutionary products he developed over the years like Nectar Ease and Royal Nectar.

    Nutrition is all about our honeys. Manuka Honey, sourced from the Marlborough Sounds, Kahurangi National Park and throughout the top of New Zealand's South Island; West Coast Honey, a delicious multi-floral honey also described as the fruit bowl of honeys comes from the pristine (原始状态的) West Coast of the South Island; and finally Honeydew Honey which comes from the Beech forests of the Nelson Lakes areas. All our honeys are great as a food and may offer added benefits.

    Health covers a range of different products, aimed at helping you feel great and stay healthy. Nectar Ease is our sought after Manuka Honey with added Bee Venom range. In this range you'll also find Propolis, Pollen, Manuka Oil and Apple Cider Vinegar with added Manuka Honey.

    Finally our Skincare range is where you will find a range of Manuka Honey soaps as well as our world-famous Royal Nectar products; anything from the Original Face Mask to the new gift packs.

    To read more about how it all started, check out the About Us section, or go straight to Products to order your own goodies.

    In today's working world, the high school diploma program has become the initial footstep in achieving a successful career. A high school diploma is a formal document issued to certify a candidate's successful completion of a prescribed (规定的) secondary school program of studies.

    It takes four years to complete the high school diploma program. The eligibility (合格) requirements for the high school diploma vary from state to state. A high school diploma is the minimum qualification for higher education and government jobs in the United States. The opportunities for a better job are extremely limited for one who has not earned a high school diploma. To be more specific, the high school diploma can qualify one for fruitful careers in science, education, health care, the travel industry, and the legal profession.

    In some states, high school diplomas are differentiated by type such as a general diploma, an academic diploma, or a vocational diploma. A high school diploma is regarded as the minimum admission requirement for post-secondary education programs. When people apply for a green card or a US visa, a high school diploma is a valuable asset for immigrants into the United States.

    There are several ways to achieve a high school diploma. One can get the diploma through traditional classroom study. It is best suited for individuals who enjoy face-to-face interaction with their teachers and classmates. In the United States, opportunities are provided for getting high school diplomas without attending classes at school. One can earn a high school diploma at home through a combination of online and correspondence classes.

    Generally, the high school diploma programs do not have minimum age requirements. In order to get the high school diploma, the students must complete the coursework dictated by their school district. Curriculum (课程) varies from district to district. Before enrollment, a student counseling (咨询) service is recommended to most students.

    What do you do for fun in your spare time? Do you like reading? Do you often go to a book store? There is a store that is so different from others.

    The World's Smallest Bookstore, whose official name is just these three words, sits quietly about 100 miles northeast of Toronto.

    The bookstore is about 10 feet by 10 feet, so it is easy to imagine how tiny it really is. The bookstore is open 24 hours a day. Inside the bookstore are various books, especially literary books and classic authors' works. So if you are looking for something less popular, you may get a bit disappointed there.

    Another special feature of this bookstore is that each book only costs three dollars. All the expenses are paid on the honor system, which means buyers should make a note of what they've bought and leave their money by themselves. So the tools of the trade in this bookstore are quite simple: pens, papers, light bulbs and a label-maker.

    In order to catch passers-by's attention, the billboards (广告牌) of the bookstore are several times bigger than the store itself. With these large eye-catchers, many people are willing to stop by and have a visit.

    Since his students began using Quizlet, English teacher Tristan Thorne has noticed an improvement in their ability to learn and use new words. Quizlet is a learning App, a computer program you use on your mobile phone. It can help users build and test their knowledge of English words. Quizlet has word sets for millions of subjects. And, it is quickly becoming a useful mobile tool for language learners.

    Thorne teachers at Columbia University in New York City. Thanks to learning Apps, Jeff Strack, another English teacher, has also notice improvement in his students' ability to remember information. He teaches at Hostos Community College, also in New York. He and Thorne are part of a growing number of language educators adding mobile Apps to their classes.

    Strack and Thorne seem to agree that the days when teachers would not permit the use of mobile phones are gone. When they use Apps, language learners communicate more differently than in a traditional classroom. Users act on or respond to something, instead of just listening to new information.

    Thorne believes that Apps can help learners become more active in learning. For example, each week, his students are required to add vocabulary words into Quizlet for others to use. He says some Apps also make it easy for students to know their language strengths and weaknesses.

    The biggest improvement Strack has seen in his students is that they are much more active inwhole-class or small-group discussions. “Apps let all students take part in the activity, whether it's a game, quiz or practice activity.” he says.

    Many existing learning Apps are designed for students of all ages and levels. Some are designed for group activities. Some support independent learning. Still some are good for homework. Thorne says he especially likes Quizlet and three other Apps: QR Codes, Socrative and Evernote.

    Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.

    Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.

    But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.

    Over the years Lisa urged her sister Helen to prepare for her old age. Now they passed sixty. Lisa had a big house, Helen had the clothes on her back.

    Lisa had hated being a child and couldn't wait to grow up and buy herself everything. What Helen wanted was to go outside and play.

    When anyone would hire her, Lisa put herself to work. She never touched a penny of her money though her young mouth watered for ice cream and candy. When the dimes (一角硬币) added up to dollars， she lost her taste for sweets. And her bankbook became her most precious possession.

    Helen had a boyfriend Harry whose only ambition was to play a horn. That Helen married Harry straight out of high school was not surprising. Two or three times Lisa was halfway persuaded, but to give up a job that paid well for a homemaking job that paid nothing was a risk she was unable to take.

    Helen's married life was nothing for Lisa to envy. She and Harry played in second-rate bands. But Lisa had a big house because her boss offered her his first house at a price so low that it would be like losing money to refuse.

    Harry died abroad, in a third-rate hotel, with Helen crying as hard as if he had left her a fortune. He had left her nothing but his horn. Lisa knew she would have to bring her home.

    At dinner, Helen began to tell stories. They were rich with places and people, most of them lowly, all of them magnificent. Her face showed the joys and sorrows.

    Then Lisa knew why Helen didn't mention the shining room. Tonight Helen saw only what she had come seeking, a place in her sister's home and heart.

    She said, “That's enough about me. How have the years used you?” “I didn't use them,” said Lisa regretfully. “I saved for them but forgot to enjoy them. Now it's too near the end to try. ”Helen said, “Don't count the years that are left to us. At our time of life it's the days that count. You've too much catching up to do to waste a minute of a waking hour feeling sorry for yourself.” Lisa smiled.

    For all the technological wonders of modem medicine, health care-with its fax machines and clipboards (写字板) —is out of date. This outdated era is slowly drawing to a close as the industry catches up with the artificial-intelligence (AI) revolution.

    Eric Topol, an expert in heart disease and enthusiast for digital medicine, thinks AI will be particularly useful for such tasks as examining images, observing heart traces for abnormalities or turning doctors' words into patient records. It will be able to use masses of data to work out the best treatments, and improve workflows in hospitals. In short, AI is set to save time, lives and money.

    The fear some people have is that AI will be used to deepen the assembly-line culture of modem medicine. If it gives a "gift of time" to doctors, they argue that this bonus should be used to extend consultations, rather than simply speeding through them more efficiently.

    That is a fine idea, but as health swallows an ever-bigger share of national wealth, greater efficiency is exactly what is needed, at least so far as governments and insurers are concerned. Otherwise, rich societies may fail to cope with the needs of ageing and growing populations. An extra five minutes spent chatting with a patient is costly as well as valuable. The AI revolution will also enable managerial accountants to adjust and evaluate every aspect of treatment. The autonomy of the doctor will surely be weakened, especially, perhaps, in public-health systems which are duty-bound to cut unnecessary costs.

    The Hippocratic Oath (誓言) holds that there is an art to medicine as well as a science and that "warmth, sympathy and understanding may outweigh the surgeon's knife or the chemist's drug". There's lots of sense in it: the patients of sympathetic physicians have been shown to recover better. Yet as the supply of human carers fails to satisfy the demand for health care, the future may involve consultations on smartphones and measurements monitored by chatbots. The considerately warmed stethoscope (听诊器), placed gently on a patient's back, may become a relic of the past.

    Ever notice your phone dies faster in cold weather? But why? As LiveScience reports, it all comes down to chemical reactions within the battery.

    If you were to open any smartphone, you'd probably find a Li-ion(锂离子)battery running the show. Inside the battery, there are two poles, a positive pole(正极)and a negative pole(负极), and how much charge your phone has all depends on which side the ions stay. A fully charged battery will be jam-packed with ions on the positive end, while a dead battery will have all the ions stored in the negative end.

    Your phone is powered as the individual ions travel in solution(溶液)from one pole to the other, but a cold temperature doesn't cause the Solution flow in the battery itself. If it flowed, the ions would have to go somewhere, but they actually stay put when it gets cold. The cold temperature causes chemical reactions that slow down the current(电流). The only other time this smaller current is sent through the battery is when all the ions have been spent, so your phone mistakenly reads the slowdown as being out of power.

    Now, how can you get yourself out of this situation? Dr. Stephen J. Harris, a chemist at the Lawrence Berkeley Lab, says whatever you do, don't charge it. Your fully charged battery isn't lacking ions, and the cold temperature isn't allowing more ions to be pulled into the anode. They pass through the solution as solid lithium, which can really do some serious damage to the battery cell itself.

    The only way to get the battery back to life is to let it return to its normal operating temperature. We recommend leaving it in your pocket or spending a few minutes inside away from the bitter cold.

At one point in June last year, Zeng Jiapeng was more than 10,000 yuan in debt to a smart phone app. The 23-year-old Shanghai citizen pays for his online purchases of food, clothes, and travel with Huabei, a virtual credit card that's part of Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.'s spreading stable of e-commerce. His spending often used to go beyond his only source of income: the 8,000-yuan monthly allowance from his parents. He tried to repay the debt in installments(分期), even borrowing from Jiebei, another Alibaba-owned credit service, but eventually his mother and father had to help him out.

Zeng's story is typical of members of China' Generation Z. These young consumers, born from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s, have little income and therefore actually no credit history. Yet they have easy access to credit from an assortment of banks, financial-tech companies, and peer-to-peer (P2P) Lenders(网络借贷平台), plus other channels that are unregulated. The spending habits of the young in particular are causing concern. In some cases the younger generation is being tempted to overconsume via credit secured through technology. Unsecured consumer lending has expanded 20% a year in China since 2008. The amount of consumer finance available through the Internet will more than double, to 19 trillion yuan, by 2021, from 7.8 trillion yuan last year. Official data showed that almost 70% of China's 50 million P2P borrowers were younger than 40.

As for Zeng, he's trying to be a little more frugal, even though he is now trying to earn a little by himself. "I deliberately set the credit limit at a lower level," he says, "so that hopefully I can better match my income with spending."

Regulators(监管部门)last year launched a breakdown on peer-to-peer lending, which, besides being a source of easy credit, had also become a popular investment vehicle. The sector has shrunk to less than half its peak size as a result of forced shutdowns.

The beauty of the outdoors naturally encourages people to go outside. The drive toward the natural world is present in normal times. Now, as many people are locked indoors, spending hours in front of screens, the pull of watching wind blow branches of neighboring trees is hardly matched. Forest therapy is one way to satisfy the demand while improving personal health and well-being.

Inspired by the Japanese practice of shinrin-yoku, or "forest bathing", forest therapy is a guided outdoor practice, which encourages people to experience the pleasures of nature through all of their senses and be present in the body.

Research on shinrin-yoku began in Japan in the 1980s when leaders there noticed a sharp rise in stress-related illnesses in the country, resulting from people spending more time working in technology and other industrial work. Specific settings were created to guide people in outdoor experiences. Research showed forest bathing may help reduce stress, improve attention, and lift moods.

Stress raises levels of cortisol, which plays a role in high blood pressure, heart disease and headaches. In test subjects, levels of cortisol decreased after a walk in the forest. Trees give off oils called phytoncides that have special properties and may influence immunity(免疫力). Exposure to natural tree oils helps lift depression, lower blood pressure. One study showed a rise in the number and activity of immune cells, which fight viruses and cancer, among people who spent three days and two nights in a forest compared with people taking an urban trip. This benefit lasted for more than a month after the forest trip!

Don't worry if you don't have three days to spend in the forest. A recent study showed spending at least 120 minutes a week in nature improved self-reported health and well-being. It doesn't matter whether the 120 minutes represents one long trip, or several shorter visits to nature. So, even as we are honoring physical distancing, it's possible and essential to get outside for 20 minutes every day and enhance our well-being.

"I think I'm nothing more than a dead fish." "I don't want to do anything." "I'm so beat and so sad." The young generation in our country used to enjoy their "happy culture" but now they have become "beat and sad" slowly and secretly. Some people even called it "the beat culture". The "Beat" youths don't want to do anything. They have no purpose, no desire and they are totally depressed so that they only want to live an aimless life. The "Ge You slouch (葛优瘫)" and the song I feel like having been drained are the examples.

Many media concern themselves about this phenomenon and try to persuade the youths into embracing positive and healthy feelings and encourage them to work hard to get rid of decadence. This is really a kind gesture. However, we don't have to worry too much about this "beat culture." In fact, it's not a negative thing. "Beat" never means despair, but a way of self-mockery (自嘲) and pressure relief.

In general, the youths in China are not "beat". According to a recent international research, the youths in China hold a positive attitude towards the future. 29% of the Chinese interviewees believe they will live and work in peace in China because "as long as you work hard, you can have your own day". Around 93% of the Chinese interviewees believe the future is promising because of medicine industry, renewable energy sources and computer. Compared with Chinese youngsters, youths in developed countries are more pessimistic.

Of course there are some social reasons for the appearing of "the Beat Culture". As urbanization develops rapidly, youths living in big cities are facing new challenges that their forefathers have never encountered before. Loneliness and feelings of insignificance and powerlessness are easy to get hold of the young people. Without proper care, they could threaten our mentality and cause many social problems. These problems probably need our attention more.

I was born with bad eyesight. At high school I couldn't read the blackboard. By the time I got to the university of Bath to study Chemistry it had got to the point where I couldn't really see images at all, only the difference between light and dark. And a few years later, once I was in the first year of my PhD， I was almost completely blind.

But climbing is my great passion (激情). I started climbing when I was young. My dad taught me everything about climbing. When I was 11, I led my first climbing route outside. People are usually amazed when they discover that not only do I climb, but I also lead climbs.

At university I joined the Mountaineering Club and was able to climb much more frequently. We had regular trips to indoor walls and weekends away outdoors. I developed a great circle of climbing friends and went on several trips to Europe. After these I started Alpine climbing and ice climbing, too.

When my sight dropped to a level where I could no longer read, I thought I might have to give up leading. But I never thought I would stop climbing. I just learnt to adapt with the support of my friends.

People often ask me, "Why rock climbing? It doesn't seem like a good activity for a blind person."

But when I think about the danger, crossing the road is far more dangerous, and also, it's something where I'm not in control.

It's quite possible that I wouldn't be such a good climber if I weren't blind. If I didn't have these challenges, it wouldn't focus me. That determination is built through my disability (残疾).

When I reach the top of a climb, I don't get to appreciate the view, but the feeling of achievement is extremely good.

Climbing is a way to prove my way of thinking in life - which is that I'm not disabled, I'm blind and able.

Learning Chinese characters can be a hard job for foreigners and even for young Chinese. The good news is that Chinese Character Origin Cards, a new product, can make learning them easy and fun.

Can you picture 108 Chinese characters such as ren (person), niao (bird), and lei (thunder) coming alive right in front of your eyes, telling you how they have developed from the symbols carved on ancient animal bones all the way to what they look like now? This may sound impossible, but it's just what the cards promise their users.

The cards were co-developed by an American expert Richard Sears and Shiwangme, a company mainly developing AR and AI applications. "I liked the idea of using 2D animation, together with 3D AR to show the correct origin ( 起源) of Chinese characters to Chinese children," said Sears, who decided to work as a special expert with Shiwangme to develop the product in 2018.

"With Sears's years of research and his strong database, we are able to show learners the development of Chinese characters correctly," said Shiwangme CEO Zhang Shuai. The AR featured in the cards "would surely offer users high-tech excitements and make the learning experience much more fun", Zhang added.

The cards have been welcomed in the market and Sears won the Jinling Friendship Award. However, Zhang and Sears won't rest on their achievements. According to Zhang, this is only the first set of cards. They will roll out two more. A total of 324 Chinese characters will be included to help Chinese learners build a strong basis.

Extinctions are seldom a cause for celebration. Humans are wiping out species at a frightening rate, whether hunting them into history or, far more threateningly, damaging the habitats on which they depend. How, then, to think about a new technology that will make driving a species to extinction far easier?

That technology is known as a gene drive, so called because it uses genetic engineering to drive certain features through a population. Those characteristics need not be harmful;they might become stronger against disease among crops or, perhaps, greater tolerance to warming waters on the part of corals. And if the species in question were the three types of mosquitoes responsible for spreading malaria(疟疾)，it could save close to half million lives a year, and many of them are children. The same approach could be used against other diseases such as Lyme disease, and Zika. Gene drives also offer us potential weapon against foreign species such as foxes, mice, rabbits and rats which are threatening native species in some parts of the world.

Normally genes have a 50:50 chance of being passed on during reproduction. Gene drives tip the evolutionary scales. One area of research focuses on genes that can copy themselves to the second, ensuring that they will be passed on by all offspring(后代). Like many technologies, however, gene drives may lead to bad outcomes as well as good. They could in theory make species extinct. One concern is practical: removing a species from the food chain could have unintended consequences, particularly if gene drives can move to a closely related species. Another relates to governance. Genetically modified crops can be kept relatively contained: animals carrying gene drives could be mobile and respect no borders. One country's decision to use gene drives will have consequences for its neighbours. A third worry concerns improper uses of the technology, and not only by states. A mosquito, engineered to inject toxins(毒素) could be used as a weapon. But putting the brakes on research may pay real costs: not just the annual rising number of deaths taken by malaria and other killer before an answer is found, but also slower progress towards making gene drives safer.

Beijing set a target to hold " high-tech Winter Games" after it won the bid to host the 2022 Winter Olympics. Soon after, China's Ministry of Science and Technology was made the leading party to provide technical support for the Games. In collaboration with relevant parties, it drew up the "Action Plan for Science and Technology at the Winter Olympics," the results of which were applied in this year's test events.

"During the test events in February and April this year, we tested and applied 133 types of techs in a number of key areas. Since October, another 228 pieces of technologies have been tested and applied in test events, athlete training schedules and prep work for the winter games," said Wu Yuanbin, director of the ministry's Social Scientific Development Department, during a press conference.

For the Games next year, high -tech will be applied for four proposes: support COVID-19 measures, reduce carbon emissions, ensure the safety of the events and create a better viewing experience for the viewers. To achieve these results, a number of new and experimental techs will be used, including 5G and hydrogen vehicles.

"The much - anticipated 5G signals will cover all venues, including the roads that connect them. This will provide network connectivity for applications such as ultra-high-definition video and smart services. Eighty hydrogen vehicles were tested in Zhangjiakou. And during the Winter Games, more than 700 hydrogen buses will be stationed in Yanqing and Zhangjiakou to provide transportation," said Yu Hong, director of the Technical Department of Beijing 2022 Organizing Committee.

The target of hosting high-tech Olympics isn't just for the convenience of thousands of participants during this event. The organizing committee once said they wish to use the Games as an experimental model that could help the world build future smart cities that would benefit residents, industries and the environment.

Twenty-three states require high schoolers to take the subject, and more could join them in an effort to boost the next generation's financial literacy(理财素养). The number of states requiring high schoolers to learn about personal money matters continued to tick higher in 2021, and another state—Florida—is ready to join the group shortly. In Florida, a law has been passed to require students to take a course in personal finance before graduating.

"Financial concerns have been heightened by the Covid-19 pandemic(大流行病), and rising inflation(通货膨胀) is tightening household budgets. Those factors, combined with continual worries about burdensome student debt levels and shaky retirement security, have created a stronger case for making personal money skills a priority for high schoolers, who are soon to make decisions about college loans or finding a job," an advocate for financial literacy said.

Financial literacy—a knowledge of concepts like saving, credit, interest rates, investing and risk assessment—is generally low among American young adults, according to a recent report from the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America Institute. Two-thirds of Generation Z, members born between 1997 and 2012, for example, couldn't correctly answer more than half the financial questions in the survey, which compared financial literacy across five generations.

"The pandemic has shown a critical need for the average American to have these skills," said Tim Ranzetta, co-founder of Next Gen Personal Finance. "State-level surveys conducted for Next Gen have found strong support for high school personal finance requirements," Mr. Ranzetta said, "and dozens of proposals have been presented to the law-making bodies in the government. It's uncertain how many will become law, but a requirement in a large state like Florida is likely to propel other states' efforts." He also said," There will be a FOMO(Fear of Missing Out) effect."

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, a research group supported by companies that insure owners of motor vehicles, says U. S. crashes involving large trucks rose by nearly one-third since hitting a record low in 2009. A total of 4,136 people died in such crashes in 2018, with 119 deaths resulting from large trucks rear-ending other vehicles.

However, a new study has found that when the rear-end crashes happened, safety systems were able to slow down the vehicles by over 50 percent, resulting in fewer injuries and less damage. The institute's Eric Teob did the study. He examined crash records from 62 trucking companies that operate tractor-trailers or other large trucks. He found about 2,000 crashes. Those accidents involved vehicles that traveled more than 3. 2 billion kilometers from 2017 to 2019.

The safety systems use cameras, radar and other sensors to watch the roadway. Some are designed to warn drivers of dangers, while more complex systems will stop the truck. Trucks with crash warning systems reduced rear crashes by 44 percent, while automatic emergency braking systems cut rear crashes by 41 percent, the study found.

The institute called on the federal government to require such systems on new large trucks. It's noted that many truck operators are already adding emergency braking on their own.

"Rear-end crashes with trucks and other vehicles happen a lot, often with horrible consequences," said Teob. "This is an important countermeasure to that."

The study found that trucks equipped with a crash warning system bad 22 percent fewer crashes than those without the technology. Trucks with emergency braking systems had 12 percent fewer crashes.

Teob said the findings could be valuable for trucking companies and drivers who are considering whether to get safety devices on their next vehicles.

In the United States, there are currently no requirements for either system. In Europe, automatic emergency braking with forward collision warning has been required by the European Union on most new large trucks since late 2013, the institute said.