科技部7月6日发布2020年应对新冠肺炎疫情国际合作项目申报指南,拟在抗新冠肺炎的药物、疫苗、检测试剂、中医药等4个方向,部署11个研究任务,支持项目不超过37项,项目执行期不超过2年。这次合作,旨在通过国际科技创新合作加强同有关国家特别是疫情高发国家,以及有关国际组织的合作,共享科研数据和信息,共同解决疫情防控科研攻关的重点难点问题,为推动构建人类命运共同体贡献智慧和力量。
①保护饮用水水源,让百姓喝上干净水。
②保护淮河饮用水源,共建珠城生态文明。
③保我一河清水,还你一生健康。
④保护饮用水源是每一位公民应尽的责任。
汉字是中华文化的基石——它既是中华文化流传和发展的载体,自身的结构中又保存着很多中华文化的信息。什么是文化?“文化是人类在长期的历史发展中共同创造并赖以生存的物质与精神存在的总和”,这是《中国文化概论》中的定义。“文化即是长时期的大群集体公共人生”,这是钱穆先生在《中国文化精神》一书中的定义。这个定义更加简捷、形象,文化就是同一个历史时代、同一个地理环境中大家共同的生活方式与生活状态。
我们知道,有了文字之后,人类的文化创造才能被记录下来。中华民族的文化,也是在有了汉字之后才被记录下来的。在汉字之前,虽然也会有古老的文化,但由于它不能被完整地记录下来,也就没有得到充分的保留。汉字是表意文字,它不但能记录文化,在它的构形中,也蕴积了很多的文化信息。它是中华文化绵延不息的见证者,可以和历史记载相互印证。当我们学习汉字的时候,在惊叹造字者的创造力和想象力的同时,更能充分领略中华民族五千年历史文化的辉煌。
汉字给我们留下了多少典籍?我们以《四库全书》为例进行说明。《四库全书》是中国历史上最大的丛书,包括经、史、子、集四部,一共收入3461种书目,79039卷,每部«四库全书»装订为36300册,6752函,总字数近10亿,真可谓超级文化大典。《四库全书》规模浩大,但也并非传世古籍的全部。在国家图书馆,仅善本就有34万册,普通古籍有160多万册,数量更远远超过《四库全书》。用汉字记录下来的古籍有这么多,真可谓浩如烟海。
我们由此可知,汉字在保存中国文化、保存历史上,起到了何等重要的作用。汉字是历史文化的产物,它应文化的需要而产生,并沐浴在文化洪流中演变发展。我们既可以通过汉字记载的文献来了解中华历史文化,也可以通过解析汉字的结构和系统,来捕捉中华文化的精神,追溯中华文化的种种原生态!
在一些汉字中,我们能看到人和各种动物近距离的接触和精细的观察,如在古文字中,“鹿”强调它枝杈般的犄角,“虎”强调张开的巨口与獠牙,“象”突出它的长鼻,“兔”突出它的短腿和短尾巴等。古人对动物之间的区别特征的准确把握,足以让我们看到,在早期人类文化中,人和动物的关系极其密切。随着原始游牧时代向农业时代的发展,人和草木植物的关系日益紧密。进入农耕时代,农耕文化的特点也充分地体现在汉字中。在《说文解字》中,《草部》《木部》《竹部》《禾部》是表示植物的四大部首,这四个部首的辖字总数达到了1227字,约占《说文解字》总字数的12%,这是因为中原地区在秦汉时期已经进入了农耕为主的生产模式,汉字的造字取象也开始向植物发展,充分体现出植物对于古人的重要性。
(摘编自王宁《汉字是中华文化的基石》)
Guangzhouthe south of China.
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1)每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2)只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Great changes have been taken place in the way people communicate each other. In the past people write letters to share informations and later they talked with each other on the telephone. Now more and more people use our own mobile phones to communicating. And instead writing on the paper, they email each other on the computer. As a result, people find that quicker and easier to communicate, and at the same time some people feel that they become poorer in writing. They worry about whether people can be as closely as before.
When the Home Office says that it's worrying about bars(酒吧)that encourage people to drink when they're already drunk, it means that the problem of drinking is about people falling over in city centers. However, the latter is a more difficult issue.
There are plenty of drunken people who are a bit unsteady going upstairs to bed and don't break anything. The biggest change in their drinking habits is the increase in the drinking of wine, most of which is drunk at home. This is what will stop us becoming a 24-hour pub society. The British are good at staying at home—most people now have informal dining kitchens, which encourage informal eating and drinking. It doesn't sound unreasonable, but the Department of Health would say that it adds up to a health problem. Yet this has become the cultural standard for all generations. The great rise in alcohol consumption(消费)from the 1980s is considered to be down to women drinking, partly reflecting their increasing importance as wage earners.
There is a strong connection between the economy and alcohol consumption in Britain. Today, the number of people who say that they don't drink in this country is rising, probably because of incentives offered by insurance companies.
A. Why not have a nice meal and open a bottle of wine?
B. Will British drinkers take any notice of the government?
C. People are happy drinking at home, where they don't pay pub prices.
D. Drinking at home seems safer for many women than going to a pub.
E. The change in attitudes to drunken driving in recent years shows that this can happen.
F. It's probably the case that those who do drink are drinking more, possibly because of the recession (衰退).
G. What the Home Office is talking about is the link between drinking and social order, rather than drinking and health.
为了鼓励学生参加户外活动,星光中学(Xingguang High School)近期举行了一次登山活动。假定你是学校英语报记者,请写一篇短文,报道此次活动。内容包括:
1).时间与地点:4月10 日,大青山(Daqing Mountain)
2).活动的过程
3).你对这次活动的评论
注意:1) 提示词:relaxation (n.)放松;promote(vt.)促进;
2)词数:100字左右。
In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise,
……