2018年至2019年高一下册期末英语在线测验完整版（江苏省南通市）
| 1. 阅读理解 | 详细信息 | ||||||||
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| 2. 阅读理解 | 详细信息 |
Grandparents are respected in many human societies. But telling stories about old times and overfeeding grandchildren seem like human qualities. Are these classic grandparent behaviors really limited to humans？ Do any animals know their grandparents the way people do? For most species on Earth，the answer is certainly “No”. "Usually，there aren't grandparents around anymore when an animal is born，"said Mirkka Lahdenpera，a biologist at the University of Turku in Finland. "Even if an animal's life span does overlap（重叠）with its grandparents'，most species spread out to avoid competing for resources，so the chance of running into a grandparent is slim. " But there are a few clear exceptions，primarily among mammals（哺乳动物）that live in close social groups. In troops of langur monkeys in India，older females lived together with their daughters and grandchildren. The grandmother langurs defend the group's babies against attacks and even give their own grandchildren special treatment. Many whale species，too，travel in family groups that include both grandmothers and grandchildren. Elephant herds are also famously matriarchal. They are led by a grandmother，who can live to around 80 years old，and are generally made up of her daughters and their young. The females in a herd form close bonds and work together to raise their young. Lahdenper found that the babies of young mothers were eight times more likely to survive if their grandmothers lived near them than if they didn't. When the young mothers were older and more experienced at raising babies，this beneficial grandmother effect disappeared even if the actual grandmothers were still around. Indeed，most evidence for the benefits of grand parenting comes from mammals. But in 2010，researchers found that in troops of insects called gall-forming aphids，older females defend their relatives after they've stopped reproducing（繁殖）. And what about grandfathers？Studies of humans in recent decades have shown that a living grandfather can improve a person's mental health and other indicators of well-being. But there's no evidence of that in the animal kingdom. Male animals rarely socialize with their own children，let alone any grandchildren. 【1】From what Mirkka Lahdenpera said, we can learn that___________. A. an animal is not very likely to meet a grandparent B. an animal is taken away from its grandparents at birth C. animals' grandparents move away to avoid responsibility D. animals' grandparents often fail in competition for resources 【2】The underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 indicates that._________. A. elephants have a high level of intelligence B. elephants enjoy an equal and fair social system C. elephants are the largest land animals with a long life D. elephants live in social groups with females in charge 【3】What can be inferred from the passage? A. Insects still able to reproduce will defend their relatives. B. Animals' beneficial grandmother effect will exist forever. C. Animals can be mentally healthier with their grandfathers. D. Male animals seldom spend time with their grandchildren. 【4】Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Do any animals know their grandparents? B. Do any animals respect their grandparents? C. How do animals live with their grandparents? D. How do animals socialize with their grandparents? |
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| 3. 阅读理解 | 详细信息 |
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Recognized as "the goddess scientist"，Ning Yan（or Nieng Yan），42，is a leading biology researcher at Princeton University in the US. On April 30，she was included among 100new members and 25 foreign associates into The National Academy of Sciences，a famous scientific institution that aims to recognize outstanding research in the US. Yan is a rising star in the science world and her resume（履历）is impressive. After graduating from Tsinghua University and Princeton，she was invited to set up her own laboratory at Tsinghua in 2007. At age 30，she became one of China's youngest-ever female professors. It was a long road to get where she is now. She told People magazine that she always believes that scientists need to have a pure mind and determination. Yan likes to work at night，because she can focus when the outside is quiet. She also works at least 14 hours a day，but she's energetic，because research is the most "comfortable” job for her，according to an interview with People magazine. This devotion to her work probably helped Yan in her research to identify the structures of proteins in cells' plasma membranes，which puzzled scientists for half a century. Her achievements got her listed among the journal Nature's Science Stars of China in 2016. Yan also enjoys TV dramas and classic novels. Surprisingly，the novel Journey to the West inspired her to become a structural biologist. In the book，the Monkey King turns into other animals. She wondered what it would be like to change herself. Luckily. Yan now lives in that world every day，exploring how proteins work at the level of atoms. “It was almost destined（命中注定的）that I would become a structural biologist，"she said in an interview with Nature. As she realizes her own dreams，Yan tries to encourage more women to follow careers（职业）in science. In her eyes，there is no difference between men and women in the scientific fields. “Women can work as excellently as men and live the way they choose to，"she said in a public interview. 【1】What made Ning Yan become a member of the National Academy of Sciences？ A. Her social background. B. Her impressive wisdom. C. Her first-class education. D. Her outstanding research. 【2】Which of the following played a role in Yan becoming a structural biologist？ A. People magazine. B. Journey to the West. C. The journal Nature. D. Science Stars of China. 【3】Ning Yan would probably agree that_________ A. scientists can win success by working at night B. women can match men in scientific achievements C. more women should be allowed to take up science D. scientists should enjoy TV dramas and classic novels 【4】What can we learn from Ning Yan's story? A. It is never too late to learn. B. Many hands make light work. C. Actions speak louder than words. D. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind. |
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| 4. 阅读理解 | 详细信息 |
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San Francisco has decided that its city government workers can't use computer programs that recognize faces. It is the first US city to take such a strong step to keep this technology under control. When a computer system identifies a person from their face in a picture，it's called “facial recognition". Many police departments use facial recognition. It can be helpful when police just have a picture of a suspect（嫌疑犯）. but no other information. Normally，even with facial recognition，police must have other proof showing that a person is guilty. But many people say facial recognition programs aren't good enough yet. The programs can usually recognize white men. But they're not so good at identifying women and people with darker skin. They worry that "false matches"-when the computer thinks it has identified a person，but it's wrong-will make innocent people look like criminals. For companies like Amazon and Microsoft，facial recognition is a big business. Amazon has worked hard to sell their facial recognition program to police departments around the US. Microsoft sells tools that allow prisons to watch people inside. To work well，facial recognition programs must have a great number of pictures of people. But most people whose pictures are in the systems never gave permission（许可）for their pictures to be used. Many people worry that using computers to identify or track people will decrease freedom. Now，in many places，facial recognition is used to keep people under control and much of public life is watched on security cameras. Similarly，many cities in America and Europe are also almost completely covered by security cameras. Police officers now often wear cameras on their bodies，recording all the time. It's usually not clear when governments are using facial recognition and how they are using it. Facial recognition is already being used at airports throughout Europe and in the US. The Department of Homeland Security expects to have pictures of 97%of the people flying out of the country in the next four years. As these powerful computer programs become more common, San Francisco's move to control facial recognition is an unusual and strong move to limit the way governments use computers to watch and control people. 【1】Why do people worry about facial recognition programs? A. They cannot multiply people's responsibility. B. They cannot help police identify good people. C. They will mistake innocent people for bad people. D. They will identify black people instead of white people. 【2】How can facial recognition programs function effectively? A. Companies should work with each other. B. People should have more pictures taken. C. They should include as many pictures as possible. D. Police departments and prisons should be under control. 【3】What makes people feel their freedom is on the decrease? A. There are police everywhere. B. A lot of security cameras are used. C. More people are forced to stay at home. D. Governments focus more on facial recognition. 【4】What's San Francisco's attitude towards government workers using facial recognition? A. Disapproving. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful. D. Optimistic. |
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| 5. | 详细信息 |
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An apology is an expression of regret for something you've done wrong，and serves as a way to repair a relationship after that wrongdoing. We all need to learn how to apologize.【1】We all make mistakes，and we all have the ability to hurt people. It isn't always easy to apologize，but it's the most effective way to regain trust and balance in a relationship. Here is a four-step framework that you can use when you make an apology. Every apology needs to start with two magic words: "I'm sorry," or “I apologize." This is essential because these words express regret over your actions. Your words need to be sincere. Be honest about why you want to apologize. 【2】Apologize as soon as you realize that you've wronged someone else. Next，admit responsibility for your actions or behavior. Here，you need to understand the person you wronged, and show that you understand how you made her feel.【3】 Instead, simply try to put yourself in that person's shoes and imagine how she felt. 【4】When you do so, you take action to make the situation right. For example" If there's anything that I can do to make this up to you, please just ask. "Think carefully about this step. Empty promises will do more harm than good. Because you feel guilty, you might give more than what's appropriate. Your last step is to explain that you won't repeat the action or behavior. This step is important because you promise that you' re going to change your behavior. This helps you rebuild trust and repair the relationship.【5】 If you promise to change your behavior, but don't follow through, others will question your reputation and your trustworthiness. A. Don't make assumptions. B. After all, no one is perfect. C. Timeliness is also important here. D. Make up for the damage that was done. E. We all need to learn how to forgive and forget. F. You should try to see things from that person's angle. G. Make sure that you keep your word in the days to come. |
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| 6. 完形填空 | 详细信息 |
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Kate and David Ogg heard the words every parent fears: Their newborn wasn't going to make it. Their twins-a girl and a boy-were born two minutes apart. Doctors had_________ to save the boy for 20 minutes but saw no _________ His heartbeat was nearly gone，and he'd stopped___________The baby had just moments to live. “I saw him gasp（喘气），but the doctor said it was no use，"said Kate years later. “I know it sounds___________，but if he was still gasping，that was a___________ of life. I wasn't going to give up easily. " _________ ，the Sydney couple knew this was likely goodbye. In a（n） ___________to treasure her last minutes with the tiny boy，Kate asked to_____________him. They had to accept the fact that they were going to_______him，and they were just trying to____________those last，precious moments. Kate____________the hospital blanket from the boy，whom the couple had already named Jamie，and ordered David to take his shirt off and____________them in bed. The first-time parents wanted their son to be as____________ as possible and hoped the skin-to-skin contact would improve his ____________ They also talked to him. They explained his name and that he had a____________ that he had to look out for. Then something amazing happened. Jamie gasped again-and then he started breathing. Finally，he ____________for his father's finger. The couple's lost boy had ____________it. Eight years later，Jamie and his sister，Emily，are happy and healthy. The Oggs only recently told the kids the story of their____________. Emily burst into tears. She was really__________，and she kept hugging（拥抱）Jamie. This whole ____________makes the couple treasure them more. 【1】A. managed B. paused C. prepared D. tried 【2】A. improvement B. association C. challenge D. conflict 【3】A. smiling B. crying C. breathing D. eating 【4】A. stupid B. inspiring C. amazing D. terrible 【5】A. basis B. cycle C. sign D. value 【6】A. Also B. Still C. Therefore D. Otherwise 【7】A. effort B. position C. attitude D. hurry 【8】A. relax B. hold C. comfort D. secure 【9】A. monitor B. tend C. forget D. lose 【10】A. get away from B. catch up with C. keep an eye on D. make the most of 【11】A. removed B. discouraged C. protected D. collected 【12】A. shake B. find C. join D. place 【13】A. cheerful B. fearless C. safe D. warm 【14】A. statue B. condition C. nature D. quality 【15】A. brother B. cousin C. daughter D. twin 【16】A. reached B. headed C. waited D. stood 【17】A. meant B. caught C. got D. made 【18】A. education B. friendship C. birth D. growth 【19】A. distant B. upset C. embarrassed D. confused 【20】A. experience B. project C. impression D. situation |
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| 7. 语法填空 | 详细信息 |
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阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is true that a movie has some influence on society. Perhaps movies will have【1】 （great）effects than other media. The movie has certainly some clear 【2】（advantage）over other media. It combines audio and video and thus 【3】 （appeal）to the eyes and the ears. Also，the viewers can experience feelings in the course of events and the roles of 【4】（variety）characters. And the values expressed through movies can affect the audience for a long time. For example，movies 【5】 My Name is Khan are not just family dramas（家庭剧）. They show true emotions and encourage simple regular things，such as【6】love）your parents and being friendly to others. The realization of this fact is，perhaps，the reason for setting up a committee 【7】 examines all the scenes with bad influences. For example，in recent years【8】use of cigarettes or smoking in movies【9】（attract）the attention of the committee. After watching movies with such scenes，teenagers are likely【10】（encourage）to take it up as a cool thing to do. Therefore，creating in the minds of children a hate for false values is important. |
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| 8. 翻译 | 详细信息 |
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句子翻译 【1】很多人被活埋了，城市也被掩埋。（so） 【2】世界人口比1800年增长了六倍。（what） 【3】虽然学生们觉得士兵的想法有趣，但这一方法太难不实用。（be of+名词） 【4】谈及广告，我们都必须运用自己的智慧，不要做广告的奴隶！（come to） 【5】Hannah一定是在承诺不告诉他人之后将我的成绩告诉了我的同学们。（must） |
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| 9. 改错 | 详细信息 |
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短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 My brother Julian，a fan of Yao Ming，is good at playing basketball. As a boy，he was committed to practise it. Sometimes he even invited me to play for him，and often he defeats me. After going to middle school，he was chosen captain of the school team，it really made him very proud. They were even won a few championships. His teammates all considered himself to be a friendly and skillfully player. Now he is learning business administration in famous university in Germany. Look back on the past，he still thinks of playing basketball as one of his favorite hobby in his life. |
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| 10. 书面表达 | 详细信息 |
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假定你是李华，近期学校将举办“中英文诗歌秀”（Chinese and English Poetry Show）活动。请给你的留学生朋友Susan写一封邮件，邀请她来参加。内容包括： 1. 活动的时间和地点； 2. 活动的内容和目的； 3. 请她提出建议。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ |
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