题目

An extreme sport is a popular term for certain activities regarded as having a high level of danger. These activities often involve speed, height, and a high level of physical effort.    In the past young athletes would play baseball. Today, they want risk and excitement—the closer to the edge, the better. They snowboard over cliffs and mountains, or bike down steep mountains.     Extreme sports started as an alternative to more expensive sports such as golf. A city kid who couldn’t afford expensive sports equipment could get a skateboard and have fun. But now it has become a8．阅读材料，回答问题。材料一  19世纪中期到20世纪初，英、法等西方列强先后发动了一系列侵华战争，强迫清政府签订一系列不平等条约，中国逐渐沦为半殖民地半封建社会。材料二  经历了从“师夷长技”到变法维新的探索，人们发现温和的改良无法从根本上改变旧制度。于是，人们举起义旗，发动革命，推翻旧王朝，建立了共和国。接着，高举民主、科学大旗，吹响了思想解放的号角。（1）材料一中“西方列强先后发动了一系列侵华战争”指的是哪四次侵华战争？其中，与我国签订的第一个不平等条约是哪个？对中国产生了什么影响？（2）材料二中，“师夷长技”指的是什么事件？“变法维新”中的领袖人物是哪几位？（3）材料二中，“人们举起义旗，发动革命，推翻旧王朝，建立了共和国”指的是什么事件？该事件的领导者是谁？（4）材料二中“高举民主、科学大旗，吹响了思想解放的号角。”这次思想解放运动的名称是什么？它的领导人物是那两位？