题目

把下面一段话的主要意思压缩成一段话，不超过50个字。传统观点认为，中国和欧洲的陶瓷贸易始于明代。近日，英国杜伦大学证实，该校考古系与中国故宫博物馆考古所，联合整理研究了在西班牙萨拉戈萨等地出土的十余种中国唐代至宋代早期的陶瓷器残片，表明这些陶瓷是当时随阿拉伯商人经印度洋与红海贸易到达地中海地区的。这就将中欧陶瓷贸易的起始时间大大向前推进了，证明了“海上丝绸之路”早在唐代就已延伸至西欧。Nature's cheatsMary is digging in the ground for a potato，when along comes John．Seeing that there is no one in sight, John starts to scream．John's angry mother rushes over and drives Mary away．Once his mum has gone，John helps himself to Mary's potato．We've all experienced similar annoying tricks when we were young-the brother who stole your ball and then got you into trouble by telling your parents you had hit him．But Mary and John are not humans．They're African baboons（狒狒）．1.John's scream and his mother's attack on Mary could have been a matter of chance, but John was later seen playing the same tricks on others．2.Studying behavior like this is complicated, but scientists discovered apes（猿）clearly showed that they intended to cheat and knew when they themselves had been cheated．3. An ape was annoying him, so he tricked her into going away by pretending he had seen something interesting．When she found nothing, she "walked back, hit me over the head with her hand and ignored me for the rest of the day．"Another way to decide whether an animal's behavior is deliberate is to look for actions that are not normal for that animal．A zoo worker describes how an ape dealt with an enemy．"He slowly stole up behind the other ape, walking on tiptoe．When he got close to his enemy, he pushed him violently in the back, then ran indoors．" Wild apes do not normally walk on tiptoe．4. But looking at the many cases of deliberate trickery in apes, it is impossible to explain them all as simple copying．It seems that trickery does play an important part in ape societies．5. Studying the intelligence of our closest relative could be the way to understand the development of human intelligence．A．In most cases the animal probably doesn't know it is cheating．B．An amusing example of this comes from a psychologist working in Tanzania．C．And playing tricks is as much a part of monkey behavior as it is of human behavior．D．So the psychologists asked his colleagues if they had noticed this kind of trickery．E．The ability of animals to cheat may be a better measure of their intelligence than their useof tools．F．This use of a third individual to achieve a goal is only one of the many tricks commonlyused by baboons．G．Of course it's possible that it could have learnt from humans that such behavior works, without understanding why．