题目

提出“为政以德，譬如北辰（北斗星），居其所而众星共（拱）之”的思想家是（  ）A. 老子    B. 孔子    C. 韩非子    D. 庄子 答案：【答案】B【解析】试题分析：本题主要考查学生运用所学知识解决问题的能力，本题主要考查孔子的有关知识。孔子是中国古代著名的大教育家和大思想家，是儒家学派的创始人。孔子提出“仁”的学说，要求统治者体察民情，爱惜民力，“为政以德”，反对苛政和任意刑杀。ACD的思想不包含为政以德 　　President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige(声望)in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government．Why do business institutions possess this great prestige? 　　One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society．Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected．Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected． 　　Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly(独占)of power．In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits．Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly．Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves． 　　A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly．Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not．Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important as, or even more important than, democracy in preserving freedom． 　　Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity．Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background．Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background．Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic idea of inherited privilege(特权)． (1) The statement “The business of America is business” probably means“________”． [　　] A． The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce B． Business problems are of great importance to the American government C． Business is of primary concern to Americans D． America is a great power in world business (2) Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only ________． [　　] A． when given equality of opportunity B． through doing business C． by protecting their individual freedom D． by way of competition (3) Government is believed to differ from business in that government is characterized by ________． [　　] A． its absolute control of power B． its function in preserving personal freedom C． its role in protecting basic American values D． its democratic way of exercising leadership (4) It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes ________． [　　] A． Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries B． in many countries success often depends on one’s social status C． American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries D． businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America