题目

Why is clean water important to developing countries? A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation（卫生）conditions. In those countries, women and girls spend several hours collecting water, but often polluted, far away from their families. The polluted water more or less influences their health. In this case, there is an urgent（迫切的）need for people in developing countries to have access to（有机会或权利使用）clean water to improve their health.Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12航天员呼吸产生的CO2用下列反应处理，可实现空间站中O2的循环利用。Sabatier反应：CO2(g)+4H2(g)CH4(g)+2H2O(g)水电解反应：2H2O(l)2H2(g)+O2(g)（1）将原料气按∶=1∶4置于密闭容器中发生Sabatier反应，测得H2O(g)的物质的量分数与温度的关系如图所示（虚线表示平衡曲线）。 ① 该反应的平衡常数K随温度升高而__________（填“增大”或“减小”）。② 温度过高或过低均不利于该反应的进行，原因是________。③ 200℃达到平衡时体系的总压强为p，该反应平衡常数Kp的计算式为________。（不必化简。用平衡分压代替平衡浓度计算，分压＝总压×物质的量分数）（2）Sabatier反应在空间站运行时，下列措施能提高CO2转化效率的是______（填标号）。A．适当减压B．增大催化剂的比表面积C．反应器前段加热，后段冷却D．提高原料气中CO2所占比例E．合理控制反应器中气体的流速（3）一种新的循环利用方案是用Bosch反应CO2(g)+2H2(g)C(s)+2H2O(g)代替Sabatier反应。① 已知CO2(g)、H2O(g)的生成焓分别为–394 kJmol－1、–242 kJmol－1，Bosch反应的ΔH ＝________kJmol－1。（生成焓指一定条件下由对应单质生成1mol化合物时的反应热）② 一定条件下Bosch反应必须在高温下才能启动，原因是________。③ 新方案的优点是________。