题目

阅读理解In November 2019, a scientist was sitting in the jungle of Gabon, watching a chimpanzee inspect her son's wounded foot. Suddenly, she quickly caught an insect out of the air, squeezed it in her mouth, and then put it carefully in the cut. In the months that followed, the scientists followed chimpanzees with a wound. Repeatedly, they saw them put insects into it-- applying, removing and reapplying them to the injury as If squeezing out the goodness. They were, the scientists guessed, using the insects to medicate. What we think Is that maybe they're mixing it with their saliva (唾2008年诺贝尔化学奖授予了三位在研究绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)方面做出突出贡献的科学家。绿色荧光蛋白能在蓝光或紫外光的激发下发出荧光。借助GFP发出的荧光就可以跟踪蛋白质在细胞内部的移动情况，帮助推断蛋白质的功能。GFP基因可作为目的基因用于培育绿色荧光小鼠，如图表示培育绿色荧光小鼠的基本流程：请根据上述材料回答下列问题：(1)用于培育绿色荧光小鼠的基因表达载体的组成必须有启动子、________、________和________等。构建基因表达载体中，启动子是____，它位于基因的首端，是________酶识别和结合的部位，有了它才能驱动基因转录出mRNA。图中过程②常用的方法是________；(2)GFP基因与目的基因一起构建到载体上不影响目的基因的表达，也不影响由目的基因控制合成的蛋白质的结构与功能，且对细胞无毒性，因此GFP基因可以作为基因表达载体上的________。(3)目前科学家们通过________工程制造出了蓝色荧光蛋白、黄色荧光蛋白等，该工程是直接改造GFP分子，还是改造GFP基因？________。该工程的基本流程是________________。（用文字和箭头）