江苏省吴江汾湖高级中学2020-2021学年高一假期自主学习竞赛英语试卷

Non-Credit Courses

The Pre-College Program offers non-credit courses. Students will experience college-level courses given by some of our college's leading experts and will receive written feedback (反馈) on their work at the end of the course. Pre-College students will also receive a grade of Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory and a certificate of completion at the conclusion of the program.

All non-credit courses meet from 9:00 a. m.-11:30 a. m. daily and may have additional requirements in the afternoons or evenings.

COURSE: Case Studies in Neuroscience

·June 11— July 2

·Leah Roesch

Using student-centered, active-learning methods and real-world examples, this course is designed to provide a fuller understanding of how the human brain works.

COURSE: Psychology of Creativity

·June 15—June 28

·Marshall Duke

Why are certain people so creative? Is it genetic (遗传的), or a result of childhood experience? Are they different from everyone else? This popular psychology course highlights the different theories of creativity.

COURSE: Creative Storytelling

·June 21 — July 3

·Edith Freni

This college-level course in creative storytelling functions as an introduction to a variety of storytelling techniques that appear in different forms of creative writing, such as short fiction and playwriting.

COURSE: Sports Economics

·July 19 — August 1

·Christina DePasquale

In this course we will analyze many interesting aspects of the sports industry: sports leagues, ticket pricing, salary negotiations, discrimination, and NCAA policies to name a few.

In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices than, let's say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?

After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.

A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions(排放)of carbon dioxide(CO2)from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use-those related to their production and breakdown.

Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the "secondary footprint" group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances(设备)that we need we can go with new, energy-saving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy-saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.

Hospitality refers to the relationship between a guest and a host, where the host receives the guest with goodwill, including the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers. Louis de Jaucourt describes hospitality in the Encyclopédia as the virtue of a great soul that cares for the whole universe through the ties of humanity.

Hospitality originated (起源) from the Latin hospes, which means "stranger" or "enemy". In the West today hospitality is rarely a matter of protection and survival and is more associated with politeness and entertainment. However, it still involves showing respect for one's guests, providing for their needs, and treating them as equals. It is expected to show hospitality to strangers, as opposed to personal friends or members of one's ingroup.

In ancient Greece, hospitality was a guest's divine right, with the host being expected to make sure the needs of his guests were met. The ancient Greek term xenia, or theoxenia when a god was involved, expressed this ritualized (仪式化的) guest-friendship relation. In Greek society a person's ability to obey the laws of hospitality determined nobility and social standing.

In India, hospitality is based on the principle "the guest is God". This principle is shown in a number of stories where a guest turned out to be a god who rewards the provider of hospitality. From this originates the Indian practice of graciousness towards guests at home and in all social situations.

Celtic (凯尔特人的) societies also valued the concept of hospitality, especially in terms of protection. A host was expected not only to provide food and shelter for his/her guests, but to make sure they did not come to harm while under their care.

Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth's plates. These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep moving. Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.

Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks. Scientists don't really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs.

Shock waves from an earthquake that travel through the ground are called seismic waves (地震波). They are most powerful at the centre of the earthquake, but they travel through much of the earth and back to the surface. They move quickly at 20 times the speed of sound.

Scientists use seismic waves to measure how big an earthquake is. They use a device called a seismograph (地震仪) to measure the size of the waves. The size of the waves is called the magnitude.

To tell the strength of an earthquake scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude Sçale or MMS (it used to be called the Richter scale). The larger the number on the MMS, the larger the earthquake. You usually won't even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3 on the MMS. Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale:

4.0-Could shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by. Some people may not notice.

5.0-If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle. Windows may break.

6.0-Items will fall off shelves. Walls in some houses may crack and windows break. Pretty much everyone near the centre will feel this one.

7.0-Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur in bridges and on the street.

8.0-Many buildings and bridges fall down. Large cracks in the earth.

9.0 and up-Whole cities flattened and large-scale damage.

A new law came into use in Shanghai, requiring every individual, families and companies to sort their waste into different dustbins. Locals are now required to separate waste into four kinds: food waste, residual waste, harmful waste and recyclable waste. According to the new law, a 200-yuan fine can be given to individuals or families who do not follow it.

On the first day of practice of the law, it was found that 38.1 per cent of hotels and 33.2 per cent of companies didn't meet the requirements. The success in residential(居民的) neighbourhoods was a result of early practice in pilot (试点的) neighbourhoods around the city, which had caused mixed feelings among the public since June.

Some people praised Shanghai for being a role model and taking active steps to solve the waste problem in big cities, while others complained about the inconvenience the law has brought to their daily lives, and made jokes about sorting their waste.

The final goal of the waste sorting programme is to reduce waste and increase recycling. Shanghai's 24 million residents produce 56,000 tons of waste every day. Actually, Shanghai is not fighting alone in the battle against waste disposal, as waste sorting has been popular nationwide. And by 2050, cities at the prefecture level (地级) and above should have the system in place.

A. Only 7.4 per cent of the residential neighbourhoods needed to be corrected.

B. Sales of waste cans on Taobao also increased before the law took effect.

C. On Sina Weibo, the topic of waste sorting has caused a heated discussion.

D. People in different cities have different attitudes towards sorting their waste.

E. Most of the waste ends up being buried, which wastes precious land and can pollute water and soil if not solved properly.

F. The country plans to have 46 major Chinese cities to join in it, including Beijing and Guangzhou.

G. And for companies, the fine can hit 5,000 to 50,000 yuan.

Being positive is very important. So I often1my son to be positive. But one day I was caught not doing what I often tell him to do.

My son is 7 years old and he was 2 a show to be put on at his school. He was playing the role of an angel. On the evening before the show, he asked me, "Mum, can we 3 angels?" As usual, I seized the 4 to teach him to be positive and I said, "Yes, but only those who are perfect, and think and talk positively can." He asked, "You must have seen them then?"

I was 5 for a few seconds, not knowing what to say. I was touched by his 6 that his mother was a perfect person. He looked into my eyes, 7 a positive answer. I chose to be 8 with him and told him, "No. I've not been a good person all the time. " I was almost 9 to admit this to him. I thought that his 10 of a perfect mother would now surely be torn into pieces. But he 11 it positively and said, "It's all right. You know to try to be better from now on. " I smiled as I replied, "That's 12.·Sometimes, we might make a 13, but when we do, we must always try to do better."

My son's 14 struck me right in my heart and are always with me. I learnt a good lesson that day "to always try to be better". This will always 15 me in all situations where I'll need to be positive.

Like many other students, you may have various people,  (include) family members and friends, giving input on your college decision.

While many of your (trust) relatives and peers (同龄人) may have very

 (value) advice that can help you to make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone. Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and (satisfy), so keep that at the front of your mind.

Moreover, fully consider each option. It can be easy (let) a particular school become a front-runner early on during your decision-making process, and it may even become the winning choice—but be sure to carefully evaluate (评估) every school  has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each school.

Do keep  open mind. Students can change majors, remember that there's no re-living a certain semester (学期), and there's no making up for lost time. Don't go to a school  (specific) for a high school relationship or to make someone else happy. A (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first.