人教版（2019）选择性必修三高中英语Unit 5 Poems Period 1素养检测

Elizabeth Bishop is considered one of the best American poets of the 20th century. She was born in Worcester, Massachusetts in 1911. Her dad died when she was just a baby and her mom never recovered from the loss. She went to live with her grandparents in Nova Scotia, Canada when she was five. Eventually Bishop attended Vassar College, where she began to write poetry.

At Vassar she discovered Marianne Moore's poetry and met Ms. Moore and began their life-long friendship. She later met poet Robert Lowell. She wrote tons and tons of letters to both of them, which is good for us because we would otherwise(否则) know very little of her personal life. Bishop's poetry is sometimes considered objective and cold because it shows almost nothing about the poet or her life.

Bishop published her first book of poetry in 1946 and wrote until her death in 1979. She would spend years working on a single poem. Her poems are not the result of hasty scribbling(匆忙乱写) on paper while eating breakfast. Over a lifetime of writing, she only published about 275 pages of poetry, and about 40 of those are translations. She would look through drafts(草稿) of poems again and again and improve them until they were as close to perfect as she could get them.

Reading Elizabeth Bishop is like being transported to the very place, the very moment she's writing about. She leads us to a microscope(显微镜)so we can see every smallest part of the scene. It seems she's always asking us to notice more, and more until the poem is so clear in our minds that it's almost painful—like a light that's too bright. It might take your eyes a while to get used to it, but once they do, you'll like what you see.

Whitman was one of the most original and inspiring American poets, well known for his art and his role as a poet. He devoted himself to poetry praising the native American's experience. As America's first epic poem, Leaves of Grass ran nine editions with more than 400 poems all written in free forms, that is, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. The tide implies rebirth, renewal, or green life. As Whitman once said, "Leaves of Grass was the outcropping of my own emotional and other personal nature—an attempt, from first to last, to put a person, a human being freely, fully and truly on record. "

For Whitman, science, democracy(民主) and spirituality(灵性) were the three things that underlay the structure of modern poetry. Whitman tried to combine the world of science, the democracy and the spiritual feeling of life into his poetry. For Whitman, the poetic form should be free. Therefore, he threw aside the traditional form and had his own form. Both the form and content of his poems are revolutionary. With its frequent use of oral language and everyday events, his poem represented a turning point in the history of American poetry—poetry fashioned out of specially American experience in a clear American idiom. Whitman's unique poetic creation has developed a very significant tradition in American poetry.

In his poems, he celebrated new America rather than regretted it. He was against slavery, idolized(崇拜) Lincoln, supported strikes, and combined the ideal of the common people and that of the ragged individual.

How to Motivate Teens to Read

With lots of studies showing the benefits of reading, how can teachers motivate their students to open a good book or power up their e-readers?

Lead by Example

Require students to spend at least 20 minutes in independent reading every day. By taking part in this regular activity themselves, teachers show that they consider reading very important.

Freedom to Choose

 For those who forget their books, provide them with access to novels, magazines or newspapers during required reading time. Consider allowing students to use their personal e-readers.

Share Your Excitement

Teachers' excitement for a particular book may have a huge influence on their students. Then when it comes for them to choose a new book, suggest your favorite.

Visit the Library

Make time to visit the school library and require students to borrow at least one book of interest. By doing so, they can make sure the book fits their interests.  

Stay Informed

Teachers can help motivate students by finding out the latest popular young adult reading matter, such as The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins and the Uglies by Scott Westerfeld.

With varied activities competing for students' time and attention, it can be difficult to encourage youngsters to read.

Teachers who make independent reading a daily part of the classroom experience and find creative ways to motivate their students may be on the way to writing a story of success.

A. They can read books in silence.

B. Give students a taste of what the book is about.

C. There is science fiction that they are interested in.

D. Encourage them to spend some time reading the book before borrowing.

E. However, there is little doubt that reading can help with students' studies.

F. Therefore, they always find time to read even though they are terribly busy.

G. Allow students to pick their own literature, as long as it is suitable for school reading.

1）传达情感，变现实为文学。

2）交流情感，放下心头包袱。

3）热爱生活，灵感永不枯竭。

4）欣赏自然，无论何时何地。

Have you ever listened to the sound of a raindrop? You might call the small sounds earth songs. Is it possible to catch earth songs, to put them into words?

Long ago, poets in Japan listened, watched, and did catch the beauty of the earth's songs. They did this with the tiniest poems in the world, called haiku. A haiku is a poem that is just three lines and seventeen syllables long. And the poets who wrote them watched and listened, not only with their eyes and ears, but also with their hearts! 

In their haiku, the early Japanese poets caught the colors, sounds, and beauties of the seasons of the year. They sang of their islands' beauties. Their miniature poems were not meant to fully describe a scene or to explain it but rather were a flash impression.

The old poets are not the only writers of haiku. Today Japanese farmers, shopkeepers, grandparents, and students write it, and because of its strong appeal, haiku is written in many other countries throughout the world.

Interestingly enough, Japanese poetry has had a long and colorful history. In the pre-haiku period in the early eighth century, Japanese poets wrote katauta, poems in a question-and-answer form, using two people. Each three-line verse(诗节) contained about seventeen syllables that could be delivered easily in one breath—just as one would naturally ask or answer a question. This has remained the basic pattern for traditional Japanese poetry throughout the centuries.

Another form that appeared was the tanka, which contained five lines and thirty-one syllables(5-7-5-7-7), written by either one or two persons. From that evolved(发展) the renga, which contained more than one verse, or link. Written by three or more people, it could have as many as 100 links! The first verse of the renga introduced a subject. It had three lines and was called the hokku, or starting verse. Renga parties became a great pleasure.

Around 1450, haikai with no renga became popular. This style of linked verse contained puns(双关) and was humorous and amusing. The opening three lines were still called a hokku, and from haikai and hokku the term haiku evolved.