Unit 5 Into the wild 知识点题库

    When we are young we are taught that it's wrong to lie and we should always tell the truth. Unfortunately, most children lie even if they're told not to. Research carried out at the Institute of Child Study at Toronto University has shown that this might not be such a bad thing. Apparently (显然地), children who tell lies when they're two years old have a good chance of becoming successful adults (成年人).

    According to the research, at the age of two, 20 percent of children lie. At the age of three, 50 percent lie, and at four almost 90 percent lie. By the age of 12 almost every child tells lies.

    Lying needs much brain work. And the better the lie is, the more work the brain has to do. By training the brain early, researchers believe children will be able to think more clearly when they are adults.

    Recent research, carried out by the Science Museum in London, has shown some interesting facts about the way we lie as adults. According to the research, the average British man tells three lies every day, that's over 1,000 lies a year. However, the average woman apparently only lies twice a day.

    Most people think women are better liars (说谎者) than men although in fact they tell fewer lies. Popular women's lies include 'Nothing's wrong, I'm fine', 'I don't know where it is, I haven't touched it', and 'It wasn't that expensive'.

    Some people say you can lie as long as it's a white lie. A white lie is a lie told to avoid hurting someone's feelings. One of the most common lies for both men and women is 'It's just what I've always wanted', said after opening a present from their partner.

Years ago, many zoos kept all kinds of animals in small cages. Small cages made it easy for people to see the animals, but a small cage is not a good place for an animal to live in.

Today zoos keep animals in different kinds of cages. The cages are very big and open. They usually have plants and a little lake. The cages look like the animals' habitats (栖息地).

Zoos help to protect all kinds of animals. They protect animals in the zoo and they protect animals in the wild. How do they do this? Zoos teach people how animals live in the wild. Zoos want people to help protect the animals' wild habitats.

Many plants and animals are going extinct. Mammoths, which are related with Asia elephants, are now extinct. There are no mammoths in the world today. Scientists say that seventy­ four different kinds of living things go extinct every day!

Zoos are working together to stop animals from going extinct.

If you want to have a garden full of life and motion, you have to attract some wildlife.

It's not as difficult as it may sound. Your garden will attract insects, bugs, birds and mammals. You will make yourself happy and at the same time you will provide a living space for these beautiful creatures. All you need to do is to follow this advice and you will have the garden of your dreams. If you think your garden has to be messy and untidy, you're wrong. You need waves and long­ living plants and strong curves of hedges (树篱) and paths. It's advisable to have the grass.

Provide water. It's important to provide water. Some animals can even use your pool to have a bath. Bees love shallow water. It's vital to change the water in your pond regularly to avoid breeding mosquitoes.

Provide food. Planting native plants is what you have to do in order to attract wildlife. Plants like roses, honeysuckle and lavender attract different insects like bees and butterflies. Humming birds are fans of fuchsia and geraniums. Trees and shrubs that produce fruit, berries and seed are good sources of food for your little friends.

Provide some shelters for wildlife. You need to plant evergreen plants, too, because they are a suitable place for wildlife to take shelter.

Some species will overtake your garden and make it unfriendly. If there are wild cats that threaten the wildlife in your garden, it would be wise to take steps to keep those out.

A. Keep attacking species away.

B. Kill attacking species once it appears.

C. It's reasonable to keep native species.

D. This can be as simple as placing a bird feeder.

E. You can have a fountain and a small artificial pond.

F. Silence won't bother you anymore and you won't be alone.

G. It's important to provide everything animals will need to live in your garden.

I had just started my second year studying at Cambridge University when I was faced with the news I had never expected. A lump in my neck turned out to be cancer. I would 1 six months of chemotherapy (化疗).

After the shock, I was struck by this thought: my 2 didn't have any room for cancer. I had so much I wanted to achieve and so many goals I wanted to chase.

I was faced with the 3 job of telling my friends and family. Then, I had to decide whether to 4 in Cambridge and take five exams at the end of the year. My doctor advised against it, and so did my parents and teachers.

My doctors and teachers tried to convince me that taking some time off to 5 and relax would be the best thing for me. I could not think of anything 6. I did not want to 7 a year of my life receiving pity from those around me.

Together with my parents, I tried to persuade the university to 8 me to stay at Cambridge and study only half the courses. At the end of the year I would take two exams. It was really a 9 to persuade them to agree.

Treatment began and I was up and down from Cambridge to London every other week. It made me feel 10 ， but to a much lesser degree than I had expected. I was able to read, eat and socialize exactly as I used to. I slept a lot and rested a lot, but I also worked hard at my studies. It gave me focus, and it also gave me purpose. Completing my 11 at the end of the term felt like a great personal victory.

I took a 12 of continuing studying while undergoing treatment, and it 13. I was successful in my exams—and more 14 ， I made a full recovery.

Every person facing a disease like cancer must make the 15 that are right for them. I am proud that I made the decision that was right for me.

= Do you remember the day you joined our club?

= This is the reason he came late.

Scientists have discovered a bit of hand-made string (线绳) that's around 50,000 years old in Neanderthal remains. The first Neanderthal remains were found in the Neander Valley in Germany, which is where the name comes from. Neanderthals may have lived mainly in caves and made stone tools, but recent discoveries have given hints that Neanderthals developed some advanced skills that people used to think impossible. For example, Neanderthals knew how to make glue from the bark (树皮) of a tree.

Now, scientists report they've found a piece of string on a stone tool made by Neanderthals. Before this, the oldest known piece of string was one made by humans about 19,000 years ago. The string is about a quarter of an inch long. Almost all things made from plants during that time have broken down and disappeared, so it's very special to find this bit of string.

The scientists don't know whether the string was attached to the tool. But that doesn't interest them as much as the fact that Neanderthals knew how to make string. Bruce Hardy, the lead scientist on the project, says that knowing how to make string was meaningful for humans. "We wouldn't really be here today without that technology," he says.

Making string is a very arduous process. This string was made from the inside bark of an evergreen tree. To make string that is strong enough, the string must be made of several smaller fibers twisted (缠绕) together in a special way. For the Neanderthal string, several fibers needed to be twisted together into something like yarn. Then three pieces of yam needed to be twisted together in the opposite direction to make the final string.

The scientists aren't sure what the string was used for, but they say that string like. the bit that was found could be used to make bags, baskets, traps, or other things. The researchers also suggest that because Neanderthals needed to make pairs and count fibers to make the string, the bit of string may also tell us something about the kinds of math that Neanderthals could do.

After years of teachers asking for the right answers, students aren't used to someone asking for the wrong ones. Students' failure tends to create mental burden that negatively affects learning. Lifting the burden requires us to face failure bravely and encourage students to accept it as a natural part of getting educated. While educators have to make sure that students have the right content and support to avoid long-term failure, it is just as important to accept mistakes as a normal part of education.

Sadly, our culture is so focused on success or perfection that students generally aren't taught about failure. To fill the gap, I share with students a Samuel Beckett quote "Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try again. Fail again. Fail better". It suggests one becomes better after each failure. I also play a video on game designed by Extra Credits, which shows people can quickly declare their ways as a failure if they don't work out and then learn from. them to move on. Both the quote and the video can help students get a more positive attitude towards failure.

Teachers can help students accept failure better. In her piece "5-Minute Film Festival: Freedom to Fail Forward", Edutopia author Amy Erin Borovoy had a set of videos-and articles on the subject of failure. Borovoy reminds readers that "a true thinker learns as much from failure as from success." Taking these short videos as monthly or weekly reminders can, be a great way to start "how have we failed and what have we learned" discussions with students.

Teachers can actually use a technique called "Effective Failure" to teach about failure at any time. In my writing class, I often have students volunteer to pick out the worst writing of their own. This lets writers deepen their understanding of why a sentence, word choice, or paragraph construction has failed, and it inspires a sincere interest in better writing. This makes failure work well in class.

Also, remember that students are not the only ones who can learn from their mistakes. As those who teach students, we should do that too.

Coffee shops are cool, but in Wilmington, Bitty & Beau's Coffee enjoys a good reputation for its warmth.

At the heart of the shop's popularity is its 1staff: Almost everyone has an intellectual (智力的) or developmental disability.

The coffee shop was opened in 2016 by Amy Wright and her husband, 2 by two of her four children Beau and Bitty, who have Down syndrome (唐氏征).

When the couple discovered that most people with intellectual and developmental disabilities could never find an employer who would even give them a(n)3, they resolved to do something about it.

"It4me like a flash of lightning: a coffee shop!" Wright said. "It would be the perfect environment for bringing people together. Seeing the staff5customers at the door, preparing food, serving orders and cleaning tables, people would realize how6they are. "

When the shop opened, it immediately had7out the door. National press attention8, and six months later, it had to move to a9space.

Today, the store employs 40 people with disabilities, who are really good at their jobs.

What makes Amy most proud is the10it has built in the community. "Every day, people say, 'You've made my day. Thank you.' That's a feeling of happiness most people don't get elsewhere, and it's what11 people back here," she said. "This is a place where people can  12with those with disabilities and realize how much more alike we are than different. It's13a cup of coffee. It's a human rights movement. It's given our employees the respect and a sense of being14that they deserve. For many employees, it's their first job, and their15fills the air."

, he felt relieved.

with his friends has become a high-rise building.

The UN Environment Programme says that rising temperatures could mean the end of some migrating(迁徙) animals.

Migrating animals move through several environments as they travel away from the cold of winter to warmer areas. Birds may fly from one part of the world to another, perhaps stopping at feeding grounds on the way. Whales and turtles travel through huge areas of ocean. A report says that changes in any one of the places where these animals stay can cause serious problems. "Obviously these animals have developed their traveling ways over thousands of years. But weather changes much greater over the next 25 to 50 years. And it is impossible for these animals to change their habits fast enough," said the report writer Dr. Robert Hepworth.

Turtles are hit hardest by rising temperatures. Scientists have found that at higher temperatures, turtles have far more female eggs than male ones. In parts of Malaysia, turtles are only giving birth to female babies. And some turtles are more likely to develop cancer as the waters get warmer.

With birds, the main problem is the harm to important areas at the end of their travels or at resting places along the way. About one-fifth of immigration birds are now in danger because of these changes, including rising sea levels, land loss and more strong storms.

Some other animals are now in great danger. For example, the North Atlantic Right Whale is losing their food because of the changing ocean flows; the White-Nose Dolphin is out-competed(淘汰) by other kinds in warmer waters.

The report is not all bad news. Even with the temperature changing, protecting the environment can still help migrating animals return. "We need governments to start taking action all over the world. The clock is ticking. We should make full use of every minute." said Dr. Hepworth. And now some projects are already working! Whales are changing their feeding habits, finding new feeding grounds and new foods to eat.

More than half the planet's population now live in cities, with limited access to the natural world. For Europe and Latin America, the figure is more than 70%.

Gardening in particular is an opportunity for everyone to have such kind of experience, even if they live in built-up areas. It is typically seen as moderate(适度的) intensity exercise equal to playing doubles tennis or walking at a speed of 3. 5 mph, so it has similar fitness benefits.

Home and gardens have long been important for family food production, but gardening can also encourage people to eat more healthily and act as an educational resource of nutritious food. In fact, children who take part in gardening and grow their own food have a greater preference for, and increased consumption of, fruit and vegetables.

Research has shown that gardeners generally have greater life satisfaction, raised self-esteem and fewer feelings of depression and anger than non-gardeners.

This last point suggests that the mental benefits of gardening may be more than just a side effect of the physical exercise involved. People with strong social networks have increased life expectancy, less stress and fewer visits to the doctor. In addition, spending time outdoors in a natural environment helps us to feel less stressed, reduce the symptoms of depression, and improve our concentration and attention.

All the evidence shows there's a strong relationship between gardening and health, but we only know for sure that there is connection, not "cause and effect". ⑤ We also need to directly examine the immediate effects of gardening on people who have never previously taken part or are suffering from mental and physical ill health.

A. Gardening is also linked to better diets.

B. But more than this, it can improve people's mental health.

C. One possible reason is that gardening can involve social interaction.

D. Good eating is supposed to include a balance of several food groups.

E. Yet contact with nature has varieties of benefits for both physical and mental health.

F. This means gardening alone is not necessarily a direct cause of any improvements in health.

G. Remaining socially active can also inspire seniors to build confidence and live a healthy life.

animals.