科普环保类 知识点题库
阅读下面短文，然后根据短文内容，从各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案，
The weather is closely related(联系) to our life. It is all around us all the time. It is an important part of our lives. We cannot control it, but it often controls how and 1 we live, what we do, what we wear and what we eat. Read this passage and learn2 about the weather.
What is the weather?
The weather is just the state of the atmosphere3any time, such as temperature, wind,4sun,etc.
What makes the weather change?
As we know, not every place on the earth gets the same amount of sunlight. Some places get5unlight, so it's warmer in those places. However, some places get little 6no sunlight in winter. Then those places have colder temperatures. These differences in temperature make the air and water 7 around the earth. The movement helps to take the heat energy from the sun across the earth. So the8 changes.
What's the difference between weather and climate?
Climate is a place's weather over a long time. The weather changes from day to day and 9from hour to hour. It can be sunny in the morning and cold and wet in the afternoon. But the climate changes very 10over lots of years.
Scientists have been studying twins to 4 if they can find the answer, because twins start out with the 5DNA. Sometimes twins don't live together at birth and grow up in different 6and different places— so the nature is the same for both, but the nurture is different.
When scientists7 these twins in their later life, they some times find some surprising 8.
Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were adopted（收养）by two different families at birth. They first met each other again thirty-nine years 9and discovered they had a lot in 10. Both had been 11twice. Their first wives were both named Linda and their second wives were both named Betty!
Each twin had a son — one called his son James Alan and the 12 called his son James Alan, too. Their children each had a dog called “Toy”. They even arrived at their first 13in the same color of car.
So far twin14seem to show that both nature and nurture are important. What we have from birth, and how and where we live help to build 15 we are.
In the sea, the shark is one of the animals at the 2 of the food chain. It can swim faster than most other sea animals, and it can use its big teeth to eat them.
What is at the top of the world's food chain?3 are! We are not the biggest or fastest, but we are the 4 We could not run faster than cheetahs (猎豹), so we5 cars and now we can move the fastest. We could not 6 better than lions, so we invented guns (枪). Now we can hunt the best.
People's inventions are clever, but they can be dangerous, too. For example, people invented 7, and now they make the air and rivers dirty. This can make 8 changes. Dirty rivers kill fish. Then bears cannot eat the fish and the bears die. If we kill one part of the food chain, 9 also die. Remember that we are a part of the food chain, so we are in danger too! If we protect animals, we are protecting 10! We should and we could do something for the world!
Do you know? There is one language 1 in every country in the world. People, young or old, short or tall, thin or fat, use it very often. It is everybody's second2 . It is very easy to3, though you can't hear it. It is a sign language.
When you wave(挥手) to a friend on the street, you are 4sign language. When you 5 up your hand in class, you are saying, “Please ask me, I think I know the answer,” or “I have some questions to6.” When you smile at someone, you mean to be 7to him. When you put your forefinger(食指) in front of your mouth, you mean, “8 quiet, please.” When a policeman wants to 9cars or buses, he raises his right arm. Sign language is very useful in quiet places or places 10 of noise. It is different from body language.
Some foods2bad quickly, such as meat, eggs and milk. They should be stored in a temperature of 5℃~10℃. In this temperature range, the activity of micro-organisms is3 In warm climates, this temperature can be kept4in a fridge or in the underground basement(地下室) of a house.
Dry goods, such as flour and rice, should be kept at a slightly higher temperature. A temperature of 15℃ is ideal. In Britain and northern European countries this means that the room in which dry foods are stored should5the general heating of the house. The room should also be well 6and, above all, dry. Damp very quickly causes the7of the green molds. These molds often grow on cheese if it is not stored properly.
Fruits and vegetables need cool and damp8, so an underground basement usually9an excellent storage place. If the central heating unit is in the basement,10, it will not be ideal unless the unit and the pipes(管道) do not give out any heat.
Everyone knows water is important to all living things. But do you know these interesting 1 about water?
Without water, the Earth would look 2 the moon. People can live several days without food, but only3days without water. Scientists say 70% of the human body is made up of water. Water 4 up 83% of our blood, 70% of our brain, and 90% of our lungs (肺). About 95% of a tomato is water, and about 80% of an apple is water. So 5 can we do to help with water problems?
Keep a shower to 10 minutes or 6 time. It helps save much water. Use a broom to sweep the floor, the stair, the garage (车库), or the sidewalk instead of water.
7 throw your used water away. Instead, you can use some to water plants or run the toilets. Use a bucket (桶) of water to 8 your bike or the family car instead of water pipes.
Use water only 9 you need it. Don't leave water running. Be sure to turn the tap 10 when you are not using it.
April 22 is Earth Day. Everyone on Earth should care about and protect the earth!
The earth has warmed by about 1°F (华氏度) over the past 100 years, but why and how? Well, scientists are not quite sure. Maybe the earth gets warmer and warmer on its own. But many scientists say that people are doing many things which make the earth warmer. First, greenhouse effect (温室效应) is a very important reason for the change of the earth. People give out too much energy into the air every year. It makes the earth warmer. Climate (气候) change is another important reason. Sometimes it becomes too hot and sometimes too cold. Sometimes there is too much rain and sometimes too little. The change of the climate makes the earth warmer. In turn, the warmth of the earth changes the climate, too.
When the earth becomes warmer, there may be more rain and a rise in sea level. It will affect the growth of plants, animals and people. On a Pacific island, 100 people have to move to higher ground because the sea is rising. These people can no longer live on the coast. Before that, two islands without people went underwater in 1999. Scientists say that the seas can rise by nearly one meter by 2100.
People can affect the earth's air, land and water. As for us, we can do many things to protect the earth. For example, we can use fridges less. We can tell more people about protecting the earth.
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（1） Earth Day is probably set for people to ______.A . learn more about the earth B . make full use of the earth C . take better care of the earth. D . study the warmth of the earth
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（2） According to the passage, _______ many affect each other.A . animals and island B . climate and the warmth of the earth C . fridges and animals D . sea level and the growth of plants
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（3） We can infer (推断) from the passage that the reasons for the warmer earth are______ now.A . not very clear B . completely secret C . well known D . not given yet
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（4） The passage mainly tells us that ______.A . there is more rain now B . we should protect the earth C . we must stop pollution D . sea level is getting higher
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（5） Greenhouse effect comes from .
A . sea rising B . climate change C . nature's unbalance D . people's activity
Hearing is very important to all of us. We can 1 beautiful music, nice songs of birds, the laughter（笑声） of people or other different kinds of 2 in the world with our ears. 3 we must try to protect our ears. The following will tell you 4 protect ears.
Listening to 5 music a lot can be bad for ears, 6 when headphones (耳机) are used. So 7 the volume(音) when you're wearing headphones or try not to wear headphones. You should give your ears a rest if you like wearing headphones. Before swimming, remember 8 earplugs （耳塞) into y our ears or wear a swim hat to stop water 9 into your ears.
If you are going to a concert, wear earplugs to protect your ears 10 the terrible music! 11, special ear can be made for you if you go to concerts a lot or if you are a musician yourself.
See a doctor if your ears 12. 13 some medicine if the doctor asks you to do so. 14 the advice above now and you won't be saying “what?" when you are getting 15.
Humans are mammals（哺乳动物）．Most mammals are born able to do many things.
Some can walk within a few minutes of being born. They have to be able to run away if 1is near. But human babies are born2. They need the care of adults to live.
In the first month of life, babies cannot smile or sit up. They cannot even hold up their own heads3some help from grown-ups.
In the next few months, babies grow a lot. They learn to roll over, support their heads, and 4sit up while being held.
Babies also have to learn to use their5. It takes months for them to learn to reach for objects. At around six months old many babies can6an object from one hand to another.
Babbling is7 a human baby learns to speak. Babies all seem to make similar sounds by babbling. They try to imitate (模仿) the sounds they hear from adults. It will take about nine months8a baby can say real words.
Somewhere around a baby's first birthday he or she may stand or walk with help. Soon the baby will9around on his or her own!
The first year of a baby's life is a time of growing and10. Growing sure takes a lot of work!
When Chinese people find out that someone comes from London, they often ask, "London is a foggy city, isn't it?" British people who visit China often 1 say that London is not a foggy city at all! But if London is not foggy, 2 do so many people in China think it is? In fact, London used to be a foggy city, 3 it isn't any more.
In London lots of its pollution came 4 factories, but a lot of it came from coal because people used it in their houses to keep warm during the winter. By the 1950s, London's air pollution had become so 5 that the government decided to do something to clean up the air. A new rule was made. It said that 6 was not allowed to burn coal in any British city. Just a few years 7 the air became much cleaner.
Now many Chinese cities meet the same kind of 8 with air pollution that London met forty or fifty years ago. However, this problem is more difficult for Chinese cities to 9. First, more of the pollution comes from big factories than from coal that people use in their houses. If these factories are suddenly closed, lots of people 10 their jobs. Second, cleaner fuels(燃料) are quite expensive. However, the air in many cities is already slowly becoming cleaner, because the government and ordinary people are trying to make pollution less.
There are many kinds of pollution around us,1 air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution. They are bad 2our health in many ways.
Burning gas, oil and coal creates air pollution. It can cause sore eyes and 3 problems.
With the increase of pollution and the 4 of industry, litter is everywhere. It makes our environment dirty. People put lots of rubbish in the land. Farmers use too many chemicals in the fields. They destroy the soil. So soil pollution has become serious.
Noise pollution can make people 5 For example, people may lose their hearing if they work in a 6 place for a long time. Too much noise can cause high blood pressure 7
Working for a long time in strong, changeable light 8 cause some kind of illnesses. It makes people feel 9 and is especially bad for the eyes.
With 10 pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better. Let's be greener people.
Water is very important in our life. We drink it every day and1it to cook and wash things. We cannot live2water. But how can we save water?
There are several ways to save water. Firstly， take shorter showers and don't leave the tap3when we don't need to use water.4 ， try to reuse water. It's the most important way for us to save water. At last， we should not5water so that we will have6water for years and years.
To protect water is to7our life. Some people think there's much water8the Earth. In fact， there is only9water for us to use now. If we don't save it， it will surely be used out some day.
So we should save water in order to save10. Do you think so?
Space travel 1 exciting, doesn't it? Now if you have enough money, you can go to space to see our2.You can stay in space for a few days and 3some special food which is for astronauts.
In the future, space travel may be more 4. People can travel in space and reach other 5. Today, if you want to go to Mars(火星), how 6do you think it will take? That will be a long trip. Even in the best spaceship, it will7 about one year.
In the 8, that will not be a problem. Spaceships can travel very 9 Perhaps we 10 use the spaceships at all. We may 11 the wormhole(虫洞）。It is like a tunnel(隧道). Once we get 12 the tunnel, we will arrive at another place far away from the earth. It may take just a few 13.
14develops(发展)very fast. We believe that one day in the future, the dream of traveling from one star to another will 15.
In some parts of the world, there are large deserts. There are no trees and 1 water there. Travellers must take food and 2 with them.
The 3 animal that can walk through the desert is the camel. 4 can go without food and water for a long time, and besides (此外) he can carry heavy loads (负荷). People call the 5 "the ship of the desert".
The camel is very big. He has one or two humps (驼峰) on his back, short ears and a long 6.
The camel's humps hold fat (脂肪), and his stomach holds water in twelve pockets. 7 pocket has a mouth. The mouth closes, so the food and the water don't mix. When the camel 8 some water, he can get it out of the 9. The camel's food is 10 and leaves of trees.
Today more and more people live in cities. So there is usually little room in a city to grow food.1of the land in a city is used 2 homes, shops, roads and parks. Most food for city people is grown in the country. It is often brought to the city by3, train and plane. Some food 4 comes into the city by car.
Water is5 thing that cities get from the country. Everyone needs water every day. We use a little of it for6, but we use even more to 7bathtubs(浴缸) and wash streets.
The water used in cities comes mostly from the rain. But people8use the rain that falls on cities. The rain becomes dirty as it falls through dirty air. Once it hits city buildings or streets, the rain will pick up more dirt. It is not good for drinking or bathing.
So cities must reach out to the 9 country for water. There the rain falls through air onto trees and grass. The fallen rain runs 10 rivers and lakes. So it is important to keep both cities and the country clean.
Natural resources are things that come from the earth. We need to use them often in our daily life. Our natural resources are limited(有限的). This means that they will not1forever. Some are renewable, like when you plant a new tree after you2one down. Others are not renewable, like when you dig coal(煤) out of the3, once it is used, it is gone.
People realise the4that the earth's natural resources are limited, and they can do things to help conserve(节约) those resources.5you try to conserve a natural resource, you try to use less of it, so it will not get used up so6. One way that people conserve fuel, like gasoline, is riding a bicycle or walking when the7is short instead of driving everywhere.
Water is a very important natural resource because we all need it to stay8. We can conserve water.9making sure that our pipes and taps do not leak(漏). We can also make10choices to conserve water, like only using the dishwashers or washing machines when they are full. Everyone can make contributions to saving natural resources.
Nowadays many people are talking about aliens. You might see them 1.
They are very smart, but they look 2. They travel in spaceships.
But are there really aliens in space? British scientist Stephen Hawking, thinks so. He says that people 3 look for aliens. He thinks they are dangerous.
On a British TV programme, Hawking says, "It is 4 that there are aliens in space."
"They might live in big ships. They have 5 all the resources(资源) from their home planet." he says.
He thinks such aliens might get resources from Earth and then go away. They may bring 6 to the Earth.
Arctic fox (北极狐) is a kind of small fox that lives in the Arctic. It grows about 50 centimeters long, not including its tail, 30 centimeters tall and 1 from 3 to 7 kilos.
The Arctic foxes are white or blue 2 color. The white ones are white in winter,3 gray-brown in summer. The blue ones are blue-gray all year round. The Arctic foxes have long thick hair 4 is called fur. And the long fur covers their whole bodies, including both their cat eyes and rabbit feet, to keep them 5in the low temperature in the Arctic.
The Arctic foxes feed mainly on birds, birds' eggs and other small animals. Teamwork is the way they look for food, and they don't like to do that 6.
Baby Arctic foxes are very lovely. They don't.7their eyes until a week after their birth. For the first half of the year, their parents offer them food. They begin to 8food on their own when they are about six months old. The next year they can live alone.
Today,9the Arctic foxes is becoming smaller and smaller, because people kill them for their 10to make beautiful coats for money. Something must be done to protect the Arctic foxes.
Could you imagine a library where you borrow tools, appliances and sports gear(用具)? As a student, Sabrina could see the simple solution to a problem — in order to reduce waste and create a good effect on our environment, perhaps we should try sharing the things we have.
When she arrived in Brisbane four years ago, Sabrina had nothing with her but a suitcase full of clothes and a laptop. To start settling in, she asked friends if she could borrow the things she needed. Over time, as she started to have things of her own, she would 1 them to her friends in return.
She then came to the conclusion that we don't need to own every single tool for every single2, we just need to have them; we need a place where we can borrow what we need —in other words, a library. Sabrina decided to put her idea into action and so the Brisbane Tool Library was born.
Within two years the tool library has grown to over 225 members and today is run by a team of volunteers, mostly women, from 13 different nationalities. For a small membership fee, the library offers 3 from hand and power tools to sporting and camping gear, and kitchen equipment.
The library now has over 500 items in its storeroom with another 500 waiting to come. These are items that would otherwise have gone into landfill when their owners are 4 them sitting on the shelf — most are still new. "It doesn't need to be like this," says Sabrina. "It's not just about reducing waste when things are at the 5 of their life cycle. And recycling is not enough. We need to rethink purchasing from the very beginning. We need some change."
It's a part of the rise of the share economy, where phone apps allow 6 to share rarely-used goods with people who need them. Libraries have been around for centuries offering public use of shared resources.
Do you want to know what your dog is thinking about？Besides（除……之外)guessing from his barks（吠声）， we can also find out 1he thinks from his body language.
First, 2 the tail. If it wags（摆动）gently, it means your dog is friendly and 3. It s a perfect time for you to play with your dog. If the tail wags fast, your dog is excited. That usually 4 when he meets other animals. When your dog wants to show that he is afraid, he will bend(弯曲) his tail downwards. When he wants to greet you, his tail will move 5 a big circle.
When two dogs 6 each other, they are trying to show that one of them is more powerful. Usually, the bigger dog 7 and the smaller dog will look away.
Now, you can look at your dog s mouth. If it opens a little bit and looks relaxed, that is the 8 we all like to see. Be 9 if your dog shows his teeth. This means " Are you threatening（成胁）10? See these teeth?I know how to use them."
11, the dog's actual body position (位置) will tell you a lot. A position of front down, bottom up means"Let s play! "The 12position, front high, back low means he is afraid or excited. Standing straight hows his confidence.
Once you13 how to guess what your dog is thinking, you will be much better able to stop any harm 14 it starts. When you want to play with your dog, try to do the front down, bottom up position. It looks as if you were speaking his 15!
