科普环保类 知识点题库

Dogs are very popular pets all over the world. Some people keep dogs because the dogs help them. These dogs may1someone's house. They can also help a 2 man by leading him to places3 he needs to go. Other people keep dogs as pets4 they like dogs. Almost 33 percent of the homes in the USA and England have dogs, and these dogs come in 5 kinds of shapes and sizes.
By all accounts, the largest dog in the world is a dog named Zorba. This dog is a mastiff that lives in London, England. When it was 7 years old in 1989, it was 92.5 centimeters tall. In6 words, it was more than half as tall as an adult man. Some Great Danes can grow taller than 98 centimeters, but they do not grow as large as Zorba. At its7 ,Zorba weighed more than a heavyweight boxer at 156 kg.
However, the8 dog was a Yorkshire terrier from England. This dog was only the 9of a matchbox measuring 5 centimeters tall and, at most, 8 centimeters from nose to10.

    Stress is the feeling you get when you're really worried about something. This is the kind of worry that troubles you for hours, or 1 days. It makes you feel blue, scared or angry. You may find it 2 to eat and sleep, or you might eat and sleep much more than usual.
Too much stress is bad for you. Stressing out can lead to serious 3 like heart illnesses. But a moderate (适度的) amount of stress keeps your body and 4 alert (警觉的) and can make your performance better, like when you are doing a presentation to your class or 5 to the finishing line.
    But, if you are seriously stressed out, look at these quick and easy ways to 6. Firstly, you can go for a run, play tennis or ride your bike for a while 7  exercise produces more beta-endorphin(B-内腓) that controls stress. Secondly, having a good 8 is very important. You should try to get at least eight hours of sleep every night. Thirdly, eating a healthy, balanced diet that 9 all the food groups will help. Also, you can talk to the people you trust . Keeping your feelings inside may make the situation10 while talking to a person you trust may make you feel better. They may be able to give you advice and help you solve your problem.

      Everyone should do something to protect the environment. How did we help to save our earth this week? Let me tell you.
      First, my family try to save 1. We never left the lights on when leaving the rooms. We turn off the TV when2 is watching it. Mom only uses cold water in the washing machine.
　　Second, we also start recycling this week. We 3 to write on both sides of the paper, not just on one side. We also4our rubbish into different bags for bottles, cans, paper and food. Mom keeps the plastic shopping bags from the supermarket to use them again as rubbish bags. These are great5 to help our environment.
　　Third, my family also save water. We never take long baths and have short showers 6. We wash the toilet with used water. My sister and I don't7 the tap running when we brushed our teeth.
　　At last, mom and dad begin to save gas. Mom 8to drive us to school, but now my sister and I start riding our bikes to school. It's hard work9 good exercise! This week dad and his workmates(同事) also start to go to work together in one10 and share the cost. This also help reduce greenhouse gases.
　　These are great ways to help protect our environment.

阅读下列短文，从文后各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

     Hearing is very important to all of us. We can 1beautiful music, nice songs of birds, the laughter of people or other different kinds of  2 in the world with our ears. 3 we must try to protect our ears. The following will tell you  4 protect ears.

    Listening to 5 usic a lot can be bad forears, especially when headphones are used. So 6 the volume(音) when you're wearing headphones or try not to wear headphones. You should give your ears a rest if you like wearing headphones.

    Before swimming, remember 7 earplugs （耳塞) into your ears or wear a swim hat to stop water from getting into your ears.

If you are going to a concert, wear earplugs to protect your ears 8 the terrible music! In fact, special earplugs can be made for you if you go to concerts a lot or if you are a musician yourself.

    See a doctor if your ears 9. Take some medicine if the doctor asks you to do so. Follow the advice above now and you won't be saying"what?"when you are getting 10.

根据短文理解, 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。

    Have you ever taken a tour of a zoo? If so, it's likely that the person who led you through the zoo helped you to learn a lot about the   1.

    Amelia Rinas is a high school student who lives in Ohio. One day Amelia 2   the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo. The moment she saw the gorillas there, she left 3  about them. She wondered if they were getting the right foods.

    Amelia read all she could about gorillas and learned what they like to 4 . Then she started a "gorilla garden". She grows the fruit and vegetables that gorillas love to eat. Some of those foods are tomatoes, carrots, and strawberries. Amelia works with other volunteers in her community who use their 5   time to help Amelia and the gorillas. When they take the food to the zoo, the gorillas are thrilled. They look so excited!

    Who is responsible for Amelia's interest in animals? Amelia is a member of Roots& Shoots. Its members are young people who   6   animals and the environment. They helped Amelia understand that animals need our care too. The slogan on the Roots &Shoots Website is "Inspire, take action, make a difference." These words tell  7 the group is all about. The group urges(力劝) kids and grown-ups, including parents and teachers, to do what they can to make a   8where they live.

    When interviewed about her project, Amelia said, "I joined Roots & Shoots  9    I wanted to make a difference in the world."

      There are many 10 to make a difference in the world. Amelia Rinas' gorilla garden has helped make gorillas happier and healthier.

根据短文内容判断正误。

B

    We can get the weather report on the Internet. We can also know it by watching TV or listening to the radio. But how can we know it without TVs, radios or the Internet? Now let me tell you some other ways.

    One way is to study the clouds. In fact, the higher the clouds are, the better the weather will be; the lower the clouds are, the worse the weather will be. If the thick and fluffy(轻软状的) clouds get bigger early in the day, then it will rain. If a sudden, cool and dark thunder­cloud appears, then a storm is about to come.

    Colours in the sky tell us about the weather, too. A golden ring around the moon warns us that a storm is on the way.

The rainbow has a message, too. If the sun is in the west and the rainbow is in the east, the rain will be moving away from you.

完形填空

    Air pollution(污染) is a big problem. It's bad for all 1 things on Earth，and it is not the only one kind of 2.Water pollution makes fishand pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us get3more easily.

Many countries are making rules(规定) to fight against pollution. They try to stop people 4 burning coal(煤)in the city and releasing(排放) dirty smoke into the5.And if people use 6fewer cars，the air will get 7.

    8earth is our home. We must protect it and not destroy it. That is to say, we should keep the land, water and air 9.At the same time, we had better plant more trees10they can provide a lot of things for us and make our earth beautiful.

阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    The universe is really mystical(神秘的）.Scientists have done lots of study about it but there is still much they haven't discovered.

    Scientists think that there1life on the earth for hundreds of millions of years. However, we have not found life on any other planets2.

    There are eight planets going around the sun. The earth is one of them. There are humans, animals, and many other kinds of life on the earth. There is water and air, too. And compared to other planets, the earth is not too3or too cold. None of seven other planets has an environment like that of the earth.

    The sun and its planets are called the solar system, and our solar system is a small part of a4larger group of stars and planets, called the Galaxy or the Milky Way. There are5stars in the Galaxy, and our sun is only one of them.

    Scientists have also discovered many other galaxy in the universe. They are very far away and their light has to travel for many years to reach us. So 6is the universe? It is impossible to imagine.

    Scientists have sent spaceships to the planet Mars to7photos. They have even sent spaceships to travel outside 8 .However, no spaceship has traveled9to reach other stars in our Galaxy.

    When we see stars twinkling(闪耀）in the sky at night, we may think a lot:10so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life out there in space? Have there been visitors to the earth from other planets? Why has no one communicated with us? We do not know the answer...

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。

    Red squirrels were common (常见的) in British forests and countryside. But there are1than 140,000 red squirrels left now and most of them are in Scotland. However, grey squirrels are now so common that many people2them. They can hunt and kill them legally (合法的).

    The two types of squirrels look similar. They both have a long3, which helps the squirrel to jump from tree to tree, and the same large eyes, small ears and powerful back legs.4, the grey squirrel has a clear advantage (优势) over the red. The red squirrel has a head—and—body length of 19 to 23 cm and a tail length of 15 to 20 cm. But the grey squirrel is a5animal. The head—and—body length is between 23 and 30 cm. This6allows (允许) them to store more fat and7them to live in a hard winter.

    So why is the number of red squirrels smaller than that of grey squirrels? Size is one reason, but there are others. Red squirrels live high up in8, while grey squirrels spend more of their time on the ground. This means the missing of forests greatly influences the red squirrel's population. Another reason for the grey squirrel's success (成功) is its9to get food easily from people. Like the fox, the grey squirrel10live in towns and cities. The other problem for the red squirrel is illness, it is fatal (致命的) to them.

阅读下面材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

D

    Hi, everyone. I'm Tina. I think our life in 2060 will be different from our life at the moment. There will be many robots in my house. Because robots will be cheap. And these robots will help my family do many kinds of work every day. Every morning the clock-robot will ask me to get up. Then the clothing-robot will dress me quickly. Next the kitchen-robot will make breakfast for me. When I get out of the house with my schoolbag, a car-robot will wait for me. After I show it my school ID card, the car will go. And then the car-robot will check my homework. When I get to school, the car-robot will say to me "See you tomorrow, Tina. Good luck."

    In the morning, I will have three lessons with my classmates. We'll study on the Internet. We'll use the e-book. The teachers are all robots. They are in different sizes and they can answer any question about any subject. In the afternoon, we will go to science lab to have two classes in a new plane. After class, we'll play football with robots. My classmates and robots can all be my friends. Don't you think the life with robots in the future will be fantastic?

完形填空

    Natural resources are things that we use that come from Earth.  Out natural resources are limited(有限的). This means that they will not1 forever.

    Some are renewable, like when you plant a new tree when you2one down. Others are not renewable, like when you dig coal out of the 3.Once it is used, it is gone. People realize the4that Earth's natural resources are limited, and can do things to help save those resources.5you try to save a natural resource, you try to use less of it, so it does not run out so 6 One way that people save fuel, like gasoline, is by riding a bicycle or walking when the 7is short instead of driving everywhere. Water is a very important natural resource because we all need it to stay8. We can keep water9making sure that our pipes and taps do not leak(漏). We can also make 10 choices to save water, like only using the dishwasher or washing machine when they are full.

    Everyone can make contributions to protecting natural resources.

完形填空

    The weather is not the same in many places. In some places it is always 1^, but in other places it is always wet. If the weather is too dry, the land (土地) is not2 for animals or plants. In wet weather there is too much3 and the water in rivers could 4crops (庄稼) away. So people won't have lots of5 to eat. In some other places the weather is very 6. There is always lots of snow. When it snows, all things look 7 

    In winter, days are short and 8 are long. On cold winter nights, when there are no clouds 9 winds, the moon and the stars are very beautiful. People go out to see them. When they 10to their houses, they are always happy to have hot coffee and nice cakes by the fire (炉火).

完形填空

    Life in the year 3044 is very different 1  life in the 21st century. We still do many of the things you do, but we do them 2  For example, we now have e-friends to help us and company us. An e-friend is a machine that looks just 3 a human being. It can walk and talk and can do almost 4 we human beings do. My e- friend is a lot like me and we have 5 fun together. She helps me 6 my homework and we often go swimming. She is programmed to take care of me if anything 7, so I always feel safe when we are together.  She can also send me messages, just like old-fashioned emails, and I can download information from her memory. It's great  8an e-friend--I am never lonely and I always have someone to talk 9.

    I would like to tell you more about life in the year 3044, but I have to send my e-friend to clean up my room. Maybe 10 I will be able to travel back in time and visit you.

完形填空

    Australia is one of the largest countries in the world. It is 1 smaller than China. It is in the south of the earth. Australia is big, but its population is 2. The population of Australia is nearly as large as that of Shanghai.

    Enough laws have been 3 to fight against pollution. The cities in Australia have got little air or water pollution. The sky is blue and the water is 4. You can clearly see fish swimming in the rivers. Plants5very well.

    Last month we visited Perth, the biggest city 6 Western Australia, and went to a wild flowers' exhibition(展览 ). There we saw 7 large number of wild flowers we had never seen 8. We had a wonderful time. Perth is9 for its beautiful wild flowers. In spring, every year Perth has the wild flowers' exhibition.10visiting Perth, we 11 a day in the countryside. We sat down and had a rest near a path at the foot of a hill. It was quiet and we enjoyed ourselves. Suddenly we heard bells ringing at the top of the hill. What we saw made us 12all our things and run back to the car as quickly as we could. There were about three hundred sheep 13towards us down the path.

    Australia is well-known for its sheep and kangaroos. After a short drive from 14 town, you will find yourself in the 15of white sheep. Sheep, sheep, everywhere are sheep.

完形填空

    Imagine this: you are walking in the desert. Your feet are in the 1 sand. When you are trying to walk, you find your feet are so heavy 2you can hardly move them. So 3 do people move around in the desert? They move around by sitting in the ship of the desert-the camel. The camel is an animal that can move 4 on the sand.

    When a camel 5, it moves both feet on one side of its body and then the other two feet on the other side. It 6 it is moving like a boat. So it gets the name.

    The camel has special feet, which help it walk freely on the sand. 7 it looks thin, it is strong enough to carry as much as its weight. What's more, it can walk for miles 8 any food or water. When the sandstorm comes, the camel will close its nose. And its long eyelashes(睫毛)can 9 its eyes from the sand as well as the sun.

    You see, 10 is so amazing. It gives the camel so many things to help it live in the desert.

阅读下面短文, 从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。

    How did we help to save our earth this week? Let me tell you.

    First, my family tried to save electricity (电). We never left the lights1 when leaving the room. We2the TV when nobody was watching it. Mum only used cold water in the washing machine.

    Second, we started recycling (回收) this week. We tried to write on 3of our paper, not just on one side. We also divided our rubbish into4bags for bottles, paper and food. Mum kept the plastic shopping bags from the supermarket to use them again as rubbish bags.

    Third, my family started to save5. We stopped6long baths and had short showers (淋浴) 7. We washed toilet with used water. Mum and dad used less water to do the washing. My sister and I didn't leave the tap (龙头) running when we brushed our teeth.

    At last, mum and dad began to save gas (汽油). Mum used to 8 us to school, but now my sister and I started riding our bikes to school. It's hard work 9good exercise! This week dad and a few of the people in his company also started to go to work in one car and share the 10.

    These are great ways to help protect our environment.

完形填空

    The earth is our home. We must take good care of it. Life today is easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought some new 1. One of the biggest problem is pollution. We can see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it. Man has polluted the 2 The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so 3 because there were not so many people. When the 4 was used up or the river was not clean in a place, man went to another place. However, man is 5 polluting the whole world nowadays. Air pollution is still the most serious pollution. It's bad for living things in the world.

    Many countries don't let people 6 anything bad in the houses and factories in the city. Pollution brought by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of 7 pollution. It's mainly caused by heavy traffic. People say riding bikes is the 8 way to protect the environment in terms of means of transportation. Riding causes no pollution. But even in developed countries, most people don't go to work by bike. It's not because bikes are expensive or people would become tired if they ride to work. It's because the number of cars on the roads becomes larger. More and more people 9 their bikes and go to work by car and then things get worse and worse. There should be special roads only for bikes, making it so difficult and expensive for drivers to drive their cars in the city that they will go back to 10 their bikes.

阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思完整、句子通顺。

    Different animals have different communications, many of them use some kinds of language .They use signals (信号) and the signals have meaning, For example, When a bee has found some food, it goes1 its home .It is 2 for a bee to tell3bees where the food is by speaking to 4, but it can do a little dancing. This tells the bees 5the food is and how far away it is.

    Some animals show how they feel by making sounds. It is not difficult to 6if a dog is angry because it barks (吠) .Birds make several different sounds .and7 has its own meaning. Sometimes we humans make sounds, 8we make sounds like OH or OUCH to show we feel about something or when we9something on our feet.

    We humans have languages. We have words. These words have the meaning of things actions (行动), feeling or ideas .We are able to give each other information by writing down words. In this way, we can10what has happened or send the messages to people far away.

阅读理解

    Teenagers have a lot of new ideas. Let's have a look at these teenage inventions that might change the world.

Banana leaves usually go bad in two or three days. Tenth Hadith, a teenager from India, used UV to make the leaves stay fresh for a year. Tenth thinks that one day the leaves will be used for making plates, cups and other things.

David Cohen, an American teenager, built an earthworm（蚯蚓） robot. It is able to go into the smallest places, where humans or dogs can't go. It will be used for finding people in a fire or an earthquake.

Remya Jose, a 14­year­old girl from India, found it tiring and boring to hand wash clothes in the nearby river. She reused some bicycle parts and created a washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time.

Kenneth Shinozuku, a 15­year­old boy from New York, noticed that his grandfather who got Alzheimer's disease (老年痴呆) would often leave home and get lost. So he invented the wearable sensors (感应器) to help people find their family members like his grandfather.

阅读理解

    What would the world be like if cars could drive themselves? Imagine seeing an empty car passing by on its way to pick up its owner, or a car full of passengers who are reading, listening to music or even sleeping. But none of them are worried about the road ahead.

    Well, all of this could be the future of driving. There are several companies, including Google, working on driverless (无人驾驶) cars. These cars are now in testing (测试). If the tests are successful, these self-driving cars can be used very soon. But how is it possible for a car to drive itself?

    Some cars already have many features (特点) allowing them to take the place of drivers during certain situations. Some features include cars being able to park themselves, or slow down when they discover objects close by. They can also control the speed (速度) if there are dangerous conditions, such as snow or wet roads.

    Other features have also changed the way drivers deal with some situations. Scientists believe, with the help of wireless signals (无线信号), cameras and GPS, making a safe self-driving car can be possible. The cause of serious road accidents is usually careless driving or dangerous conditions. The self-driving car may be able to prevent (阻止) these. However, some people do not like the idea. American lawyer White Drake, for example, doesn't believe these cars are safe. He thinks that technology can also make mistakes.