科普类 知识点题库

    What do we really mean by being open? It is important in letting others get to know how we think and feel. In this way we will be understood and accepted by others. If we aren't open with others, we won't fully believe in ourselves or others.

     First, make your outside behavior the same with your inside feelings and thoughts. Second, share how you really feel about something instead of just opinions. Third, try to change your questions into statements(陈述句) and talk in the first person so that people will understand you more easily. Finally, try not to say, "I don't know." This usually means I don't want to think about it anymore.

    Remember also that it is not suitable to be open with everyone in every situation. You may want to be more open with close friends, but not with people you don't know well, Besides, some people may not be used to too much openness.

    In all, being open is a good way for us to get on well with other people, but we'd better keep the balance between being open and not being too open.

A. because you are not sure how someone else will use what they know about you

B. Here are a few ways for you to be more open.

C. We should be open to all the people around us.

D. Being open is a kind of invitation to others to come in, to speak and to share.

E. Opening to others is very important in making real friends.

F. If we say everything we feel or think to them, they will feel very uncomfortable at times.

G. For example, you might say, "I feel happy that you're here," instead of, "Are you glad that you're here?"

Telemedicine System Drones

Doctors diagnose(诊断) patients online. Robots help to send food to 1 Drone(无人) monitor people in crowds. We are using new ways to fight the novel coronavirus. They are safe. They can help people 2 in contact with each other. Let's meet these high-tech helpers.

Telemedicine system

With remote video system, doctors can diagnose patients without seeing them in person. Also, doctors from different hospitals can have a meeting by using the system 3. This saves a lot of time. Both Huoshenshan and Leishenshan hospitals have this system.

Drones warn people in groups

In some rural places, police use drones to monitor people in groups. When the drone  4 big groups of people, police will warn them through the loudspeaker on the drone. In some places, people also use drones to disinfect(消毒 )their 5.

3D "hospital"

A company in Shanghai 6 15 rooms by using 3D technology. They sent the rooms to Hubei for patients to live in Each room is about the 7 of your bedroom, A 3D printer takes 24 hours to build the rooms.

AI system check forever

At the Mudanyuan subway station in Beijing, an AI system can check people in crowds to see 8 they have fevers. When people 9 the system scans people's faces. The system can check about 300 people in one minute.

Smart robots

Time to eat! In some hospitals, smart robots help to deliver food to patients. The robots can also help to 10 medicine and show the way to people.

Can plants eat people? Probably not, but there are many plants that eat meat. Some of them are big.

And they can eat small animals. One famous meat-eating plant is the Venus flytrap (捕蝇草).

The Venus flytrap is a very strange plant. It grows in dry parts of the United States. Its leaves are like the pages of a book. They can open and close very quickly. Inside the leaves, there are three small hairs. If a fly touches one of the hairs, the leaf closes quickly. The fly cannot get out. In about half an hour, the leaf presses the fly until it is dead. Then, the plant covers the fly. Slowly, the plant eats the fly.

Why do plants do it? Most plants get what they need from the sun, the air, and the ground. In some places, the ground is very poor. It doesn't have all these important things, especially nitrogen (氮).Animal meat has a lot of nitrogen, so some plants eat meat to get what they need. Let's hope that some of the bigger plants don't get the same idea.

All our dreams have something to do with (与…有关) our feelings, fears, longings, wishes, needs and memories. But something on the "outside" may have influence on we dream. a person is hungry or tired or cold, his dream may include a feeling of this kind. If the blanket on body has slipped off (滑落) your bed, you may dream that you are or resting on the ice and snow. The material for the dream you will have tonight is probably to come the experiences you have today.

So the subject of your dream usually comes from something that has an influence on you while you are sleeping (feeling of cold, a noise, a discomfort, etc.) it may also use your past experiences and the wishes and interests you have now. This is why very young children are likely to of fairies (仙女) , older of school examinations,people of food, homesick (思乡的) soldiers of their families and prisoners (囚犯) of freedom.

①You may often hear some myths (传言) about animals. For example, one dog year equals (等于) about seven human years, chameleons (变色龙) change color to match their environment … Today, let's talk about birds. It is said that if you touch a baby bird, the parents will completely abandon (抛弃) it. Do you really believe it?

②In fact, most birds have a very poor sense of smell so in most cases they are unable to notice the smell of humans on baby birds. Not only that, but most types of birds aren't so quick to abandon their young when they sense danger. Some types will even do their best to protect their young when they are in danger.

③Indeed, in very few known cases, parent birds sometimes abandoned their nests (鸟巢) from something touching their young, just because they noticed it by sight, not smell. When this happens, the parent birds usually won't care, other than (只会) to be a little more careful than normal. Sometimes, they may temporarily (暂时地) abandon the nest in order to better watch whatever disturbed (扰乱) their nest comes back.

④What's more, in most cases, even if the nest is destroyed by wind or something to that effect (效果), you could create a new one and put all the baby birds back in it, and when the parents came back, they wouldn't care that their baby birds were in a different nest, so long as you put the new nest near where the old one was so they can find it.

Does my goldfish know who Ian?

I think this is a great question. I do spend my days (study)how fish go about their lives. First of all, fish are much smarter than people think. People often talk of goldfish having three-second memories, but in fact they can learn all kinds of things, and remember them quite a long time.

This shouldn't surprise us too much. Just like other animals, they can find enough to eat. and  (know) when it is sale to be out in the open. Being able to learn and remember things helps (they) do this.

Many kinds of fish can tell one from another, according to their group, their relatives, even their own eggs. But fish live in very different world from us, For many kinds of fish, although seeing is important, (sense) such as smell and touch are even more important.

So, does your fish know who you are? I believe your fish will (sure) know when it is feeding time, My own fish become very (excite)when my hand appears near their tank, even before I drop the food in. I'm not sure that your fish will be able to remember what your face (look) like, but I wouldn't be too surprised if it could remember you in other ways, perhaps by the sound of your footsteps as you walk towards the tank.

Imagine that you are running in a park on a very hot day. Will you feel tired? The answer is yes. But besides feeling of being tired, I believe most people will feel thirsty soon. You will feel much (good) right away after you drink some water. Your body needs water, so it tells you to drink. It's simple, right?

Actually, it's not (real) simple. There is a special part in our brains. When our blood is too salty, it says," Drink!" we drink, it is quiet. Water does not go into our blood right away. However, our brains still know that we (drink) before. How? When you swallow(吞) fast, your brain knows and thinks you are drinking water.

If you drink something else, your brain will still be quiet. It will still think you are drinking water. Maybe you drink cola or even oil. You will stop (feel) thirsty.

But in fact, drinking those things is not good you when you feel thirsty. You should just drink water because your body needs it most.

How much water should we drink each day? Here are doctors" (opinion). Some doctors advise (we) to drink eight cups of water every day, while other doctors say that's too much. On a hot day, you lose a lot of water. So, maybe you should drink more. Every person's body has (difference) needs.

Fire can help people in many ways. Fire can make water hot and house warm, give light and cook food. But fire can burn things, too. If some people can't run away from fire, it can kill them. This happens in every country every year.

A month ago, a large forest fire broke out in Yunnan Province. It lasted nearly half a month. The forest in Heilongjiang Province and grassland in Inner Mongolia caught fire in May, 2006. after more than ten days' fight, over 30, 000 people and soldiers put out the fire at last.

Nobody knows clearly when people began to make fire, but there are many interesting stories about the first time a man or a woman started a fire. Today people know how to make a fire with matches. Children sometimes like to play with them. But matches can be very dangerous. A small fire can become a big fire, and destroy many things. Fire kills many people every year. So you must be careful with fire.

Chinese scientists have created the world's first light-based quantum(量子) computer. It's called Jiuzhang.

The name Jiuzhang comes from an old Chinese math text. Compared with today's best supercomputers, Jiuzhang can work out 100, 000 billion times faster. For example, it takes Jiuzhang only 200 seconds to finish a task that Fugaku, the world's fastest supercomputer, would take about 600 million years to finish.

Quantum machines amazing computing power results from their basic building blocks, called quantum bits, or qubits(量子比特), according to the University of Science and Technology of China. Classical computers usually present data(数据) as either 0 or 1. I low ever, quantum computers use qubits to process data, Qubits can be 0, 1 or anything in between. As a result, as the number of qubits that are being used increases, the computing ability of quantum computers increases, too.

According to Pan Jianwei, one of the main researchers behind Jiuzhang, quantum computing has already become anuria of competition in the world. With Jiuzhang, China has entered the race. Compared to Google's qubit computer, Jiuzhang is easier to make and maintain（维护). Google's qubit computer must be kept at a very cold temperature. But Jiuzhang can work at room temperature.

In the future, Jiuzhang might be used for machine learning and other fields. Lu Chaoyang, another key researcher behind Jiuzhang, told China Daily that scientists will keep increasing Jiuzhang's computing power.

Winter sports need to be in cold places Have you ever imagined one day people go to other planes to hold the Winter Olympics?

Mercury（水星）

It's the closest planet to the sun. In the daytime, the temperature can be up to 430℃. but at night it cools down to-200℃. There's one area that the sun can never reach. There's a lot of ice there. Maybe we can go speed skating and figure skating (花样滑冰) there!

Mars

The temperature on Mars is between. 140℃and 30℃. At the north and south poles of Mars, there are areas covered by ice and snow. There is also a big mountain called Mount Olympus. So maybe we can ski on Mars!

Pluto (冥王星)

Pluto is a dwarf planet far away from the sun. It's very cold there, about -229℃. There's a lot of ice. It's even harder than steel So maybe we can go sledding (滑雪械) on Pluto.

We are now living in the modern society. Most of the energy we use for heating, lighting, transportation and manufacturing （制造业）comes from fossil （化石）fuels. These are carbon-based fuels from oil, coal and natural gas. When we burn these fuels we release heat which p the energy.

There are three main disadvantages to using these fuels. Firstly, they are causing climate problems because of the G Effect. When we burn fossil fuels they produce carbon dioxide which causes global warming. Secondly, when we have used up all our coal, oil and natural gas, we will have n left to burn. Thirdly, they are not very efficient. The internal combustion engine （内燃机）that we use in most cars, trucks and buses, for example, is only about 14% efficient.

Scientists are working on another fuel — hydrogen. There are a couple of advantages to using hydrogen as a fuel. Firstly, because two-thirds of the e surface is water and water is made of hydrogen and oxygen. There is an almost unlimited supply of hydrogen. Secondly, burning hydrogen does not cause global warming. Thirdly, it is much more efficient than carbon-based fuels.

Unfortunately there are problems with hydrogen at the present time：there is the problem of separating （分离）it from water c, and there is the difficulty of storing it. It can be stored under pressure but high pressure tanks are far from safe. It can also be stored as a liquid but only at extremely low temperatures. It seems likely, therefore, that there will have to be a completely new technology before hydrogen replaces fossil fuels. S these problems is an urgent （急迫的）matter. Although China, India and Australia have huge amounts of cheap coal, and there are still l oil and gas reserves（储藏量）elsewhere, the effects on the planet's climate will be bad if they are used.

Vira Timbaci's post office job is similar to that of many postal workers around the world. But, there is a difference. He is the manager of the underwater post office.

It is about 160 feet off the coast of Vanuatu which is an island country. The post office opened in 2003. It is the world's first underwater post office. It makes it possible for people to send postcards back home from under the sea.

"Every week hundreds of postcards are dropped off(捎带)at the underwater post office", Timbaci says, the number goes up when ships come into port(港口).

It's Timbaci's job to make sure that the postcards are collected on time at 3 p.m. each day. The postcards are made of waterproof (防水的)plastic. There is a special stamp on the postcard. The post office developed special metal machine that marks each postcard. It does this without using ink(墨水).

Visitors know that the post office is open for business when a flag is flown on the water. At one time, the local postal service trained its postal clerks to scuba dive. But later this additional training became difficult. That is why the dive masters now start working here.

Since its opening, there have been several copycat underwater mailboxes that have opened. This includes ones in Susami, Japan, Risor and Norway. But the one at Vanuatu will go down in history as being the first of its kind.

Do animals have feelings? Of course they .They have feelings just like you and me. They will show (they) feelings by their actions.

Let's look at dogs. You should look at your dog or your (neighbor) dog. What does it mean when the dog shouts at you with his wagging tail(摇尾巴)?If the dog knows you, that means he (love) you. And he wants to play you.

The dog may feel sick when he is very quiet and lies on the ground. If he feels unhappy sad, you look for him everywhere, and at last you may find (he) under your sofa. He will make water in your shoe when he is (real) angry.

Please (be) kind to animals. They will be kind to us. We all know animals are our (friend).

Why do most Japanese people live longer than the rest of us? One reason might be soybean products(豆制品)like tofu and miso(日本豆酱).Scientists from Japan's National Institute of Health and Nutrition did a study into the health benefits of soybean products. They said people who regularly ate tofu and miso were 10 percent less likely to die from diseases than people who ate no soybean products. Eating soybean-based food cut the risk( 风险) of death from heart attacks, stroke and other cardiovascular problems. Eating fermented soy products(发酵豆制品) lowered the risk of death.

Soybeans are super food. They are rich in protein, fibre, minerals and unsaturated fats. Soy fibre helps to lower cholesterol(胆固醇) and reduce weight. Soy is an important part of the cuisine(烹饪) of Asia, especially in Japan. People in Asia have eaten soy since ancient times. The most common types of soy products are tofu(soybean curd), natto( fermented soybeans), miso(a fermented soybean paste added to soups) and soy sauce. Miso is high in salt. Researchers said salt in miso does not put people at risk of high blood pressure. Soybean products are becoming popular around the world.

On Oct 16, 2021, the Shenzhou XIII spaceship rose into the sky. Three Chinese astronauts—Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu—set off for the Tiangong Space station. Wang Yaping is the only woman among the three astronauts. On Dec 9, 2021, the three astronauts gave a science lecture 400 kilometres above Earth! They showed millions of students their life there and did some fun science experiments.

During their six-month stay, they will set up robotic arms and do medical experiments, among other tasks. Wang Yaping will become the first Chinese woman to take a spacewalk.

It's not an easy job to do all these things. Chinese astronauts get difficult training before going into space. All the Chinese astronauts are excellent pilots with hundreds of thousands of hours of flight time. They also receive hundreds of classes to prepare for space travel.

One of the toughest parts is the high—G training. It simulates（模拟） the environment when the spacecraft takes off. Sitting in a superfast spinning （旋转） machine, astronauts' face muscles （肌肉） change shape. They cry tears because of great pain. Blood can't flow to their brains properly, causing a lack of oxygen（氧气） and even blindness. Astronauts must operate the space craft under these conditions.

Another exhausting exercise, as Wang Yaping told People's Daily, is the underwatering training which lasts seven hours each time. It simulates weightless environment. She had to wear a 200-kilogram suit and do tasks in 10-meter-deep water without eating or going to toilet. After each training, Wang lost up to 2kg of body weight.

"We may have to repeat such training every single day for years or decades," said Wang. "But there is no 'give up'in our dictionary.

Wang Yaping went a long way before becoming such an excellent astronaut. She sets a good example for us.

Everybody knows that healthy eating habits are important. You may want to know whether your eating habits are healthy or not. Read and check your habits now. Here are five good eating habits for you.

 Drink at least 8 glasses of water a day. You may need even more water when you are exercising.

  Breakfast is the most important meal of a day. You will have more energy after eating breakfast.

  If you don't have time to go out, take a sandwich with you for a quick lunch. Don't eat lunch which has too much fat. If you don't have lunch, that will be bad for your health.

 We should eat fruits and vegetables every day. Add a banana to your breakfast, have a salad with lunch, and eat some vegetable at dinner.

 Try to have dinner at least 3 hours before you go to bed. Your body needs time to digest (消化) most of food before you rest for 8 hours.

The Palace Museum, one of the greatest ancient wonders of China, is using modern technology to attract visitors.

Back in December 2015, a digital gallery (数字馆) at Duanmen opened in the Palace Museum. A film on the screen helps visitors learn about the museum in a short time. Then visitors can walk into a palace, seeing and touching many treasures through VR. They can even talk with ancient people with the help of AI.

In fact, digitalization of the museum started 20 years ago. In 2001, the museum first opened websites (网站)in Chinese and English. Visitors from all over the world can see the introduction and new notices online. In February2015, the museum offered an app to show its collection. The app introduces one treasure every day. In 2018, the museum developed a program me on WeChat. The programme advises visitors on the best route (路线)through the museum.

In 2020, because of the COVID-19 virus, the Palace Museum closed its door to the public on January 25. Then the museum turned to the Internet. As a result, on April 5and 6, it provided three live-streamed(直播的)tours. The three tours took different routes around the Palace Museum. Two researchers from the museum became tour guides, telling people secrets and stories about the place.

What's more, the Palace Museum has worked with Huawei to build a smart network of 5G throughout the museum. Huawei will also use Al to help with the protection of artworks.