For the love that shaped my childhood and still cocoons (把……包围起来) me today, I can never repay my grandfather or my father… I felt the back of my grandfather's rough 1 touch gently my jaw today as he used to when he was till 2 , when I was only a child… I 3 a beautifully stamped envelope from the States in the mail. I immediately 4 one stamp and my father's scrawl （潦草的字迹）below.
5, I used a knife to open the envelope, knowing that occasionally my 6 sent me valuable treasure through the 7. Inside, I found another 8. On it, I saw two scripts（手稿）. The first one had my father's explanations:
“In the 40's, my great-grandfather bought a 9. He used it in his office at the family restaurant and when he 10 , my grandfather started using the desk.
When the family 11 was sold, the desk was 12 to my grandfather's house in Normandy. Later, my father decided to move the desk 13 and begin using it. When he did so, he looked through the drawers of the desk and 14 an envelope.”
The second script bore my grandfather's handwriting:
“In 1972, on the eve of my departure from France to Canada, I had 15 my grandparents and given my beloved 16 a wildflower, as children will. He lovingly 17 it and put it in an envelope, saying, “A gift from my ‘bouchon’. Will I ever see her again?”
Today, I received proof that the people in our hearts, even if their travels take them to heaven, can 18 touch us in the most surprising ways. Today, I 19 the back of my grandfather's rough fingers touch 20 my jaw as he used to when I was only a child, when he was still alive…
She looked up at me sadly, her pain unbearable obvious. I 1her as she swam silently around the small pool, surrounded by people she didn't know. The top left corner of her yellow shell was 2 and her flippers(鳍状肢)were filled with cuts and scars. Then she swam slowly to others.
I couldn't help but think that these3 creatures looked as though they were war heroes wounded in battle, but they weren't. They were just a group of innocent sea turtles that had been injured by4 humans.
Earlier that day, our group of forty high school students had learned that those endangered sea turtles were being 5all the time6water pollution, litter, and careless boaters and fishermen. We were taught how to 7 the deaths and injuries of this species and to encourage others to conserve our ocean life and environment.
I had always been conscious of the damage our environment was suffering8I had never truly been given the opportunity to 9the devastating(毁灭性的)effects of environmental destruction until I observed that 10 seeing a picture or movie of these animals cannot truly capture the11 on their faces. Now that I have witnessed the12caused by the pollution and people's carelessness. I try to encourage my peers to 13 their daily habits to 14the environment by recycling, conserving water and energy, or15 time and money to help save endangered animals. I stress to them that we need to start saving our environment now16it's too late. We must fight for those creatures that cannot17for themselves because we have only one world to live in and one18 to save it. Now I will always be that person19that ice cream wrapper flying crazily in the wind just because I hate the thought of even one piece of20on the ground.
The eyes are one of the most expressive instruments of body language.
Keith，seventeen，from Montclair New Jersey，learned the hard way about one1the eyes can make .“I had a2who graded heavily on classroom discussion,”
Keith says. “He seemed to have a strong ability to know just when I didn't have the 3.I couldn't figure out how he could be so 4.Then it dawned on（为……所明白）me.5 I didn't know the answer，I would avoid looking at him
When I6know what so say，I always7straight back at him.
From that moment on，I 8myself to look him in the eye,9 I knew the work or not.
That trick has saved me a lot of trouble.”
Many people，including some policemen，believe eye contact is a good10of honesty.
If someone can't look at you directly in the eye，then he or she is not playing 11,they insist.
After many experiments,12,a number of experts have found out that good liars can make false eye contact.
Eye contact，though not a（n）13 sign of honesty，is a clear way to show interest in another person.
When a person looks at you and 14to do so，you know his15is placed on you.
When he turns his head away，his mind is probably16.17 there are exceptions.
A 18person may have trouble making and keeping eye contact，no matter how interested he is in the other person. And certain 19,such as the British and Germans，are much20oriented（适应）to eyeball to eyeball contact than，say，the French and Arabs.
Global Positioning System (GPS) is now a part of everyday driving in many countries. It is a space-based system that provides position and time information in all weather conditions. GPS can help people get to where they want to go.When this happens, the driver is often to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, it is a combination of the two.
Barry Brown, a GPS technologist, took an incident as an example. His friend once flew to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use. He wrongly plugged in the home address in the west. It wasn't until he was driving for thirty minutes that he realized it. Mr. Brown says this is a common human error. But he says, “One problem is that GPS has a very small screen and it can just tell you the next turn.”
“The Normal and Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS” lists several areas where GPS can cause difficulties. They include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. GPS may fail due to these reasons and then lead to confusion for the drivers.
Although GPS sometimes causes difficulties when people are driving, the most attractive point of this system is its 100% coverage on the planet. It is important for you to have to know what you are doing when you use GPS. You need to have the “ability” to be able to use GPS because it sometimes goes wrong.
A. There are quite a few situations showing the problems of using GPS.
B. That means that it is not really telling you about going to the wrong place.
C. This space-based system is an important tool for civil and commercial users.
D. But sometimes it sends you to the wrong place or leaves you completely lost.
E. They also contain timing problems related to when GPS commands are given.
F. Advances in technology play an active role in modernizing GPS in many ways.
G. To make GPS well used, you need a good understanding of how drivers and GPS work.
There may be a 1 between later bedtimes and weight gain, new research suggests.
Researchers studied 3, 342 adolescents starting in 1996, 2 them through 2009. At three points over the years, all reported their 3 bedtimes, as well as information on fast food consumption, exercise and television 4. The scientists 5 Body Mass Index at each interview.
After Controlling for age, sex, race, ethnicity and socioeconomic 6, the researchers found that each hour 7 bedtime during the school or workweek was 8 with about a two-point increase in B.M.I. The effect was 9 even among people 10 got a full eight hours of sleep, and neither TV time nor exercise 11 the effect. But fast food consumption 12.
The study, in the October issue of Sleep, 13 questions, said the lead author, Lauren D. Asamow, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley. "14 what is driving this relationship?" she said "Is it metabolic changes that happen when you 15 late? And second, if we change sleep patterns, can we change eating 16 and the course of weight change?
The scientists 17 that their study had limitations. Their sleep data 18 on self-reports and they did not have 19 diet information. Also, they had no data on waist circumference, 20, unlike B.M.I. can help distinguish between lean muscle and abdominal fat.
In product design, imagining users' feelings leads to more original outcomes
Researchers find that in new product design, connecting with users' heart, rather than their head, can lead to more original and creative outcomes.
Developing original and 1 products is critical to a company's long-term success. Thus, understanding what influences originality can have important and potentially 2 consequences for businesses. Ravi Mehta, a professor of business administration, shows that adopting a(n) 3 that imagines how the user would feel while using a product leads designers to experience greater empathy（同感）, which 4 creativity and, in turn, outcome originality for new product design.
There are two ways that the product designer can 5 the consumer's product usage. One focuses on objective use of the product—how consumers might use the product, that is, an "objective –imagination" approach. The other focuses on feelings—how the product makes the consumer feel, a "feelings-imagination" approach.
Consumers always want to have new products that solve problems more efficiently and at a less cost. So product designers 6 this trap of being very objective in focusing on the use of a product. That's important, but the 7 of usage can only attract consumers in some ways.8, the feelings-imagination approach leads designers to experience greater empathy, which makes them more 9 to the consumers' ideas. This leads to greater outcome originality. Mehta said, "when you imagine consumers and focus on their feelings, that's powerful and will lead to something much more innovative than only focusing on a product's usage." The research shows that a feelings-based approach is 10 to the commonly used objective-based approach, the researchers wrote. It not only helps product designers build a better product, but it also helps them create more innovative products.
The implications of the findings extend to everyday consumers, who now play a role in shaping companies' design. Mehta said, "Marketers are increasingly 11 consumers for new product ideas."12, there was a very successful campaign a few years ago that focused on getting consumers to create a new potato chip flavor.
The experiments demonstrated a 13effect of adopting a feelings-imagination approach. That suggests that these designers may 14 imagining users' feelings. In this way, designers can develop products that could 15 to the masses. Companies can easily adopt this process and promote feelings-imagination exercises through their websites or social media.
Most people make treehouses using a pile of wood, a hammer, and some nails. Mitchell Joachim, an architect from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has a(n) 1 vision. He pictures a day when homes will be created from 2 .
Joachim's vision 3 an idea called bleaching (编织), where tree branches are grown so that they 4 weave together. Since the growth patterns of trees are 5 by wind and sunlight, it may be 6 to control the way a tree develops.
These Fabricated Tree House Habitats would use trees grown into shapes as housing. One of the 7 of these designs is that trees would not have to be cut down 8 .
"A 100 percent treehouse would take 9 to create," Joachim said. 10 the climate, a house could take anywhere from 5 to 30 years to grow. Fortunately, there's a way to 11 the process. Joachim suggests including 12 materials such as sod (草皮), grasses and living branches in the housing designs. "This material would be able to move 13 the house grows," Joachim said.
A home would become an actual ecosystem, a community of plants, animals, and bacteria working together. The trees would also give off water vapor that would assist in 14 the homes. Solar panels and wind would help provide 15 . The tree homes might even have soil pockets, 16 plants could grow from the structure itself.
Work has already 17 on Joachim's first design—a house made from 50 percent recycled and 50 percent living things. Joachim is confident about the 18 of his work, as he uses natural products 19 nature.
"The environment and its study are very important. We need to respect nature, don't 20 ,"he said.
Washoe is a young chimpanzee. She is no 1 chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing a research 2 her. They want to see how civilized (驯化) she can 3. Already she does many things a human being can do.
For example, she has been learning how to exchange 4 with people. The scientists are teaching her 5 language. When she wants to be picked 6, Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finger 7 she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after every meal.
Washoe has also been 8 to think out and find answers to problems. Once she was put in a 9 with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to 10. After she considered the 11, she got a tall box to stand 12. The food was still too high to be reached. Washoe found a 13 pole. Then she climbed onto the 14, grasped the pole, and 15 down the food with the pole. Washoe16 like a human, too. The scientists keep her in a fully furnished house. After a hard 17 in the laboratory, she goes home. 18 she plays with her toys. She 19 enjoys watching television before going to bed. Scientists hope to20 more about people by studying our closest relative — chimpanzee.
Do you shop for groceries online and have them delivered to your door? Well, this might be just the start of a digital revolution in food. How about tattooed(刺花的) fruit, ice cubes which send text messages, and wine from the bottom of the ocean? All these things are on the 1 according to global innovation research firm Stylus.
They say stickers and wasteful packaging on fruit could be 2 by eatable tattos. These would be 3 "directly to the skin of the fruit without 4 damaging skin cells, "according to Stylus's senior vice-president of content, Tessa Mansfield.
Our 5 are changing rapidly too, and some companies are cooking up menu of technological advances. 6, there's a smart knife which can 7 the freshness of food and any bacteria present as it is being used.
Innovative ways to 8 what we consume are always being 9. Mandy Saven, Stylus's head of food, beverage and hospitality says new digital ice cubes send a text message to a friend if you drink too much alcohol.
Indeed, some companies are helping consumers stay 10 and make environmentally-friendly choices. Dutch firm Bilder and De Clerca sells food organized by recipe, which helps customers avoiding 11 by buying too much.
This makes the retailer more than just a supplier of food—it becomes "kind of food 12 to a shopper." says Tessa Mansfield.
For the discerning(有眼力的) drinker, the future holds another new experience. How would you like to try "ocean-aged wine"? This is wine which has been sunk to the bottom of the ocean to help it 13 before you enjoy it.
I find all these 14 exciting. What about you? Are you happy to 15 the new frontier of food?
Do you remember how you felt the first time you rode bike? What about your first heartbreak? 1 moments and the emotions they arouse can resonate in our minds for decades, powerfully shaping who we are as individuals. But for those who experience severe trauma(创伤), such painful memories can leave people with life-changing mental conditions. So, what if traumatic memories did not have to cause so much 2 ? For now, the work is happening in mice.
Neuroscientists usually define a singular memory as an engram—a physical change in brain tissue 3 a particular recollection. While at MIT in 2013, Steve Ramirez of Boston University and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrough: They were able to target the cells that 4 one engram in a mouse's brain and then implant a false memory. In their work, mice 5 in fear to a particular stimulus even when they had not been conditioned in advance.
In their current work, Ramirez and his colleagues are investigating whether 6 memories can be "overwritten" by positive ones. In their experiments, positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female ones for an hour, and negative memories are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief foot shocks. After a surgical operation on the mice, the researchers find that 7 positive memories while mouse is in a cage makes it less fearful. They think that this memory "retraining" may be helping to 8 some of the mouse's trauma. 9 , it is unclear whether those original fear memories are completely lost or just suppressed(抑制).
10 Ramirez's team stresses that their work in mice is preliminary(初步的), they see treatment potential for humans down the road. Those suffering from PTSD or depression could have their memories 11 , for instance, so that they don't have a strong 12 response to painful recollections.
If it's one day possible to alter human memory, who should be allowed to receive that treatment? And would the 13 system be at a disadvantage if key witnesses and victims cannot remember a crime? These are questions New York University bioethicist Arthur Caplan says are worth thinking about before the technology is ready for human clinical settings.
As neuroscientists progress with their research, they say these 14 issues are being taken into account. Ramirez sees the idea of 15 memories as neither good nor bad. Like water, it just depends on how you use it.
As our Earth's temperature warms up because of climate change, it is having unexpected effects on our world's forests. When temperatures rise, trees close their skins to 1 the loss of water, and this, in turn, slows down the 2 of photosynthesis(光合作用). As a result, these trees are shorter and grow slowly, as well as have a 3 death rate.
Climate change also increases the 4 of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to 5 , and in some cases, the forests are 6 permanently. Trees that are stressed are also 7 to attacks by bacteria(细菌). In tropical forests, vines that use the trees as 8 can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients. Finally, humans have 9 the forest landscape through logging. When trees are replanted on the soil, they will never grow as large as the 10 trees that were cut down.
As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change, 11 the variety of those systems. 12 , some endangered species are unable to 13 and die. Old-growth forests are disappearing in all regions of our world. When forests die, younger forests that are reestablished in the same area grow back weaker and smaller 14 poor vegetation. With trees dying increasingly and continuously, will future generations 15 out on the wonders of forests?
Music produces profound and lasting changes in the brain. Schools should add classes, not cut them. Nearly 20 years ago a small study advanced the 1 that listening to Mozart's Sonata could boost mental functioning. It was not long 2 trademarked "Mozart effect" products appealed to anxious parents aiming to put toddlers (刚学步的孩子) on the fast track to the famous universities like Harvard and Yale. Georgia's governor even 3 giving every newborn there a classical CD or cassette.
The 4 for Mozart therapy turned out to be weak, perhaps nonexistent, although the 5 study never claimed anything more than a temporary and limited effect. In recent years, 6, scientists have examined the benefits of a continuous effort to study and practice music, as opposed to playing a Mozart CD or a computer-based "brain fitness" game 7 in a while.
Advanced monitoring 8 have enabled scientists to see what happens inside your head when you listen to your mother and actually practice the violin for an hour every afternoon. And they have found that music 9 can produce profound and lasting changes that 10 the general ability to learn. These results should 11 public officials that music classes are not a mere decoration, ready for being given up in the budget crises that constantly troubles public schools.
Studies have shown 12 instrument training from an early age can help the brain to 13 sounds better, making it 14 to stay focused when absorbing other subjects, from literature to mathematics. The musically experienced are better able to 15 a biology lesson despite the noise in the classroom or, a few years later, to finish a call with a client when a colleague in the next office starts screaming at a subordinate (下属). They can be engaged in several things at once, which is an essential skill in this era of multitasking.
My name is Gillian Healy. I run a small start-up company in Dublin called Gut Instinct, and we 1 a fermented (发酵的) drink called kombucha. It originated in China around 200 BC and later spread across Asia and into Europe. It's been quite 2 in America and Australia for a number of years 3 it's just hitting Ireland now.
People are becoming more health-conscious today, and kombucha is very good for your gut (肠). I first got into kombucha because I 4 soft drinks, but if I had too many, I wouldn't feel great and my skin would break out. Then I found that kombucha was a really good 5. I think people buy our kombucha mainly for one reason: they're increasingly aware of the 6 connection between a healthy stomach and a healthy mind.
I spend part of most days going out to customers, 7 the product is selling well and finding out if they'd like me to do a promotional tasting for them. That's a(n) 8 side of the business for us at this stage because it's such a niche product (利基产品). A few potential customers will be familiar with kombucham, but 9 won't, which is why it's good to let people see if they like it before they 10 a bottle.
11, we'd like to go into export markets, but I want to get our 12 established in our home market first. England is already quite a(n) 13 market, with a number of kombucha microbreweries (小型酿造厂) there. However, I think that when we're 14 to look abroad, Germany will be one of the first places we'll 15. After all, a lot of their foods are fermented.
Bad Dreams Are Good!
Most of us dream, whether we remember them or not. What are dreams for? A handful of 1 dominate. Sigmund Freud famously maintained that they reveal hidden truths and wishes. More recent research suggests that they may help us process intense emotions, or perhaps sort through and strengthen memories, or 2 random neuron (神经元) activity, or prepare responses to threatening situations. Others argue that dreams have no evolutionary function, but simply 3 personal concerns.
Despite being largely unsupported by 4, Freud's view maintains a strong following around the world. Researchers found that students in the U.S., South Korea, and India were much more likely to say that dreams reveal hidden truths than to accept better 5 theories. In the same study, respondents said that dreaming about a plane crash would cause them more 6 than an official warning about a terrorist attack. Even if dreams can't foretell the future, they seem to 7 our shared fascinations. The majority of dreams occur during REM sleep (深度睡眠) cycles, of which the average person has four or five a night.
A study of Canadian university students found the most common dream topics include school, falling, being chased, and arriving too late for something. For all the commonalities dreams 8, they vary across time and culture — people who grew up watching black-and-white TV are more likely to dream in black and white. A 1958 study 9 that compared with Japanese people, Americans dreamed more about being locked up, losing a loved one, finding money, being 10 dressed or encountering a mad person. Japanese people were more likely to dream about school, trying repeatedly to do something, being paralyzed with fear, or "wild, violent beasts." If human dreams sound 11, bear in mind that even negative ones can have positive effects.
In a study of students taking a French medical school entrance exam, 60 percent of the dreams they had beforehand 12 a problem with the exam, such as being late or leaving an answer blank. But those who reported 13 about the exam, even bad ones, did better on it than those who didn't. So the next time you dream about an education related experience in which you are unable to answer the questions or solve a problem, don't 14: It's probably totally meaningless. Then again, your brain might be practicing so you'll be 15 if such an event ever comes to pass.
Around 13000 years ago North America had a wider variety of mammals (哺乳动物) than modem Africa. There were multiple horse species，camels and some now-extinct animals. And such1creatures were not just found in North America. On every continent mammals on average were a lot larger from around 2.5 million until about 11700 years ago.
Scientists have long debated what caused all these large creatures to go extinct while many of the smaller ones2.A team of researchers led by biologist Felisa Smith analyzed evidence from millions of years' worth of mammalian extinctions and found that on each continent large mammals started to3Ground the same time humans first showed up.
If the extinction trend continues, many more large mammals will soon disappear as well, as the primary threats from humans have4from overhunting to indirect processes such as habitat loss. In their new study Smith and her team analyzed a database of all land mammals that lived from 65 million years ago until today. "We found5no effect of climate on mammalian extinction over 65 million years," she says. But starting around 125000 years ago and continuing until today, large mammals have been more likely to go extinct than smaller ones, the researchers found. The average6of surviving mammals has decreased as a result. And those large-mammal extinctions are tightly coupled with the7of humans. For most of mammalian8history, an animal's size was not predictive of its extinction risk. That9only appeared once humans began to live alongside large mammals.
This finding does not mean climate-related changes could not have10some wildlife populations, enabling humans to more easily bring about their eventual downfall.11, it suggests the greater likelihood of large mammals going extinct is tied to human activities. The animals that evolved without the risk of hunting from humans were suddenly faced with a new12. They simply could not13fast enough to survive the invasion of humans.
Smith says the lesson to be learned from the new findings is that our ancestors prepared us to be extremely skillful killers. "What's14now," she says, "is that some of us are comfortable enough, have a high enough standard of living, that we can start thinking about our use of the Earth," Rather than simply behaving as15, many of us are now in a position to become environmental protectors.
Conservationists are breeding (饲养) lions in the Southern African nation of Zimbabwe. The wildlife experts hope to increase the lion population to keep the great cats from 1.
In some areas, lions and human beings are 2 control of land. Researchers believe something must be done quickly to 3 the animals.
The African Lion and Environmental Research Trust (ALERT) has more than 100 4in its breeding program. Antelope Park Farm is one of two sites ALERT operates in Zimbabwe.
Gary Jones heads the Antelope Park Farm. He says ALERT has become involved 5a sharp drop in the number of lions. His group believes this has been6mainly by humans. There are more people moving to this area every year. The lions have 7 land on which to live.
Gary Jones says the decrease in the lion population affects the whole 8. He adds that other African nations are also seeing the 9 effects of this.
There are countries,10in central and north Africa, where the lion population has reached a(n) 11 level. Burundi, a country of east-central Africa, for instance, does not have lions in its national parks. It 12 wants to have lions reintroduced back into its national parks. The reason is that when you take the lion out of the equation (平衡) , suddenly you get all 13 things start happening with the balance of 14. For example, you get too many prey (猎物) species, like giraffes and zebras.
The United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization says 15 animals are threatened when farmers try to 16 their plants or animals.
Rene Czudek works for the UN agency. He says his organization has17a human-wildlife tool kit (成套工具) that some countries are using to reduce 18 between human and wildlife. "In fact the tool kit is a kind of instrument that extension workers can use with the 19—explain to them how wildlife behaves, and then show them what the risky behaviors are, and how they should 20 their fields accordingly," Mr. Czudek said.
Sometimes modern problems require ancient solutions.
A 1,400-year-old Peruvian method of diverting water could supply up to 40,000 Olympic-size swimming pool's worth of water to Lima each year. It is one 1 of how ancient methods could support existing modern ones in countries without enough water. Man-made reservoirs store rainwater and water overflow for use during dries times. But reservoirs are costly, require years to plan and can still 2 to meet water needs.
Peru's capital, Lima, depends on water from rivers high in the Andes Mountains. It takes only a few days for water to flow down to the city. So when the dry season begins in the mountains, the water supply quickly disappears. The city 3 this with modern structures such as man-made reservoirs. These reservoirs are not the only solution, 4. Over a thousand years ago, indigenous people developed another way to solve water problems.
Water diverted, 5.
The 1,400-year-old system is designed to increase the water supply during the dry season by diverting and slowing water as it travels down the mountains. This 6-based method is made of special canals that guide water from its source to a series of water bodies and hillsides. The water goes 7 into the ground, then flows downhill through the soil and 8 in water bodies near the community.
Its aim was to increase the water's travel time from days to months in order to provide water throughout the day season. The researchers 9 how much the system slowed the flow of water by injecting special dye in the highlands and noting when it reappeared in water bodies. The dyed water started to 10 two weeks later and continued flowing for eight months — a huge 11 over the hours or days it would normally take.
12 increase in supply.
The researchers next considered how using a larger version of the system could help Lima. They combined what they learned in Huamantanga with the knowledge of physical 13 of Lima's surroundings. The resulting estimates say the system could increase Lima's dry-season water supply by 7.5 percent overall and up to 33 percent at the start of the dry season.
The system is also 14 sound. Ochoa-Tocachi, a researcher, estimated that building canals similar to those in Huamantanga would cost 10 times less than building a reservoir of the same size. He also said former highland societies in other parts of the world had methods for diverting and slowing water flow. And, they could use these methods today to support their 15 modern methods.
My name is Miranda Gibson. I have been at the top of a tree for five months now. Some people might wonder1 on earth I would choose to do that.
I have walked through this forest many times. On 12 December, 2011，2 rolled into the forest and the destruction (摧毁) began. I couldn’t 3 the thought that these forests would be 4 forever. So, on 14 December, 2011，I packed up my life, 5 of my job plans, and climbed 60 meters to the top of this tree. I have been here ever since.
Life in the tree tops can be 6 at times. I have times when I feel frustrated (沮丧) and wish I could 7 ， to anywhere, just have a 8 of scenery for a minute!There are times too, when I feel terribly 9. I miss my friends and family. 10 these times, I find myself loving the 11.
Living on the tree has been inspiring. I am willing to12 up here for as long as it takes, 13 I honestly hope it won’t be too 14 before I can put my feet on the ground below and stand in a forest that will never be 15.
Trackers on Ice
Just because a scientist puts a GPS tracking collar on a wild polar bear does not mean the animal will obligingly keep it on. 1, these huge collars are purposefully loose. If one becomes annoying, a bear can 2 it. But scientists have now found a way to use 3 from the discarded（丢弃的）devices.
"These dropped collars 4 would have been considered garbage data," says Natasha Klappstein, a polar bear researcher at the University of Alberta. She and her colleagues instead used 5 from such collars, left on sea ice in Canada's Hudson Bay, to track the ice itself. For their study, published in June in The Cryosphere, the researchers identified twenty collars that transmitted movement data in line with ice drift rather than polar bear 6 between 2005 and 2015. The resulting records of how melting ice typically drifts in Hudson Bay are unique. There are no easily 7 on-the-ground sensors, and satellite observations often cannot accurately capture the motion of small ice sheets.
The team 8 the discarded collars' movements with widely used ice-drift modeling data from the U. S. National Snow and Ice Data Center（NSIDC）. Collar data indicated that the NSIDC model underestimates the speed at which ice moves around in Hudson Bay-as well as the overall 9 of drift. Over the course of several months, the model could drift away from an ice sheet's location by a few hundred kilometers, the researchers say.
This means the bears may be working harder, when moving against the direction of the ice, than scientists had 10: "Since we're underestimating the speed of drift, we're likely underestimating the energetic effort of polar bears," says Natasha Klappstein. The research reveals 11 insight into how highly mobile ice moves. As melting increases in the coming years, such ice will likely become more 12 farther north, in the central Artic. Scientists had known NSIDC data could underestimate drift speeds, but "any time we can find a data 13, it is a good thing."
Plus, such data could improve predictions about how oil spills or other pollutants may 14 in seas. littered with drifting ice, says Walt Meier, a senior NSIDC research scientist, who was not involved in the study. The findings may even 15 future NSIDC models: "It's a really nice data set," Meier says. "And certainly one we'll take under consideration."
Canadian smartphone maker Research In Motion (RIM), which makes the BlackBerry, says it's back. The company is 1to reclaim a market it once dominated by 2two new devices. The last few years have been a painful time for the company as customers deserted its platform in 3of newer and more 4devices. This may be the company's last chance to 5a vital player in an increasingly crowded marketplace.
Two brand new devices are perhaps a fresh 6for a company that has seen its global market share 7from 20 percent three years ago to just over 3 percent today.
For BlackBerry CEO Thorsten Heins, it's another chance to remake a faded 8. "We have 9been on a journey of transformation, not only a journey to transform our business and our brand, 10one that I truly 11 transforms mobile communications into true mobile computing, " he said.
The company promises the same 12 level of network security the BlackBerry is known for, 13a fast new browser and a more intuitive operating system. The Z10 14much like the touch-screen phones popularized by its competitors (竞争者), but the Q10 maintains the "qwerty" keyboard that has become BlackBerry's trademark.
Besides the technical and cosmetic (外观上的) updates, Heins says the company will no longer be called RIM or Research In Motion.
"Our customers use a BlackBerry, our15work for BlackBerry and our shareholders are owners of BlackBerry. From today on, we are BlackBerry 16in the world, " he said.
Shareholders will be watching if customers 17the new devices. The company's stock has dropped as much as 90 percent in the last four years as it lost 18to competitors. But company shares have doubled in the last four months as anticipation (预期) 19for the new models.
Analysts say the new devices could make or 20a company, which many people praise for starting the technological revolution in smart-phones.
