说明文 知识点题库
注意：1）词数100左右（开头已给出，但不计入总数）;
2）可以适当增加细节，已使行文连贯。
Share housework
It is reported that many students are unwilling to do housework a home, saying that they're too busy studying.
参考词汇：图表chart词数：120字左右。
What is eco-fashion? Eco-fashion is about making clothes that considers the environment, the health of consumers and the working conditions of people in the fashion industry.
A closer look at the fashion industry points out many problems that are common practices in the creation of our fashions from the field to the factory. Firstly, the production of textiles pollutes the environment heavily. Cotton-planting uses pesticides; sheep-farming and wool-cleaning bring about global warming. Secondly, every stage of clothing production consumes a great deal of energy and some also involve chemicals which obviously do harm to the surroundings. In addition, there is a lot of waste produced in the process, especially in the form of polluted water. Thirdly, growing purchasing power and our shopping habits further worsen the bad effects. We are now buying clothes in increasing quantities and we are also quick to throw away clothes that have been worn only a couple of times.
Then, how to solve the problem? To a large degree, it is the fashion producers that really have the power and the responsibility to shape our future. There are a great many ways these producers can reduce their ecological footprint, from switching to green energy and reducing energy use, through selecting sustainable materials and choosing local suppliers, to recycling and minimizing waste. On the other hand, as consumers we can all play our part by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and reducing clothing buying.
There is some concern that eco-friendly fashions are just a trend that we will eventually grow tired of but we can make sure that doesn't happen. Now many people are beginning to shop for organic food products because the benefits of eating food free of chemicals are immediate. They relate directly to our personal health. In fact, choosing eco-fashion can also do good to our personal health, though it is mostly done by way of keeping the health of the planet.
⒈你喜欢的运动；
⒉你喜欢该运动的原因。
注意：⒈词数100左右；
⒉可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。
Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.
Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.
Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children.
They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time, children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by them- selves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.
You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries. They found surprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one of three people said so. What explains the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame(责备) themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends, or bad luck. In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported. This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.
For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation. And don't forget—if you are shy, you are not the only one.
你的文章必须包括以下几点:
1）概括图片内容;
2）打赢脱贫攻坚的社会意义;
3）谈谈你在脱贫攻坚战中应担当的社会责任。
【参考词汇】eliminate poverty消除贫困
Leeches as Medical Treatment
Leeches are small wormlike creatures that live in water and suck the blood of animals and humans. In the past, though, leeches were commonly used in medicine. Then advances in science led to other kinds of treatments, and leeches disappeared from the sick room. Now, however, they are making a comeback.
The use of leeches in medicine goes back at least 2,500 years. Doctors used them to treat the sick in ancient Egypt, India, Persia, and Greece. It was believed in those days that taking blood from patients helped to bring their bodies back into balance. This belief and the practice of draining blood with leeches continued through the ages.
Another use of leeches has been investigated by a team of German doctors who study the ability of leeches to reduce pain. Their patients suffer from arthritis, a painful joint disease that often affects knees, shoulders, or fingers. When the German doctors put leeches on the arthritic knees of their patients, almost all of them felt immediate relief from the pain. Most of the patients continued to be pain-free for over a month and some for as long as six months.
Leeches have also proved indirectly useful in treating patients with heart and blood diseases. Since the 1880s, researchers have understood that certain chemicals in. leeches prevent blood from clotting or becoming hard. Many people with heart or blood problems live with a serious risk of the formation of blood clots, which can travel through the blood to the heart or brain and cause death. In the 1950s, a scientist identified the chemical in a leech that prevents clotting. Later studies led to experiments with the chemical and the development of a drug that thins the blood of patients who are at risk for blood clots.
Though doctors today do not view the use of leeches as the all-purpose treatment it once was, they now see that for certain problems, this ancient remedy may be valid after all.
Two years ago, Li Yuhua's daughter taught her how to shop online. Since then, the 51-year-old farmer in Wushan has been a regular online shopper. Shoppers like Li Yuhua are the new target for China's ecommerce giants, including Alibaba Group, which operates the Taobao platform, and JD.com. Rural China added 3 million more Internet users in the first half, taking the total number to 225 million, or 26.3%, of the country's total Internet population of 854 million, according to a report on rural ecommerce development released last week by the China International Electronic Commerce Center. That helped improve rural online sales in the first half of the year by 21% to 777.1 billion yuan (US$109.6 billion), outpacing the national growth rate by 3.2 percentage points.
"However, it is a little bit early to say that China's ecommerce battlefield is moving to rural China," said Chen Tao, a senior analyst at consultancy Analysys. Unlike urban residents, most rural Chinese haven't experienced ecommerce shopping. While that provides online platforms with one of the last undeveloped markets for ecommerce, progress has been slow due to the lack of infrastructure (基础设施) and logistics (物流) support.
To address that problem, China's second-largest ecommerce operator, JD.com hired more deliverymen and tested drone (无人机) delivery services to improve service in rural China. Alibaba Group, China's largest ecommerce player, announced in April last year that it had invested US$717 million in Huitongda Network Co., which helps to boost sales in 15,000 towns across 18 provinces.
Another inhibiting factor in the development of rural ecommerce is the income gap. In 2018, annual per capita disposable income (人均可支配收入) in rural areas was 14,600 yuan (US$2,065) compared with 39,300 yuan (US$5,559) in cities. "Lower disposable incomes in rural areas limit the consumption," said analyst Chen. "It also takes time to educate rural residents to accept ecommerce services as most of them are new to online. There is still a long way to go to popularize online shopping in rural China."
Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable dict...We are surrounded by the word" diet" everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically.
Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, influenced by diet products, people tend to watch their weight rather than their diet. Diet products make us Jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤）instead. All we have to do is to recognize the word" diet" in food labels in the supermarket. On another level, diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle. For example, every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results.
The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients. Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the potential harm that comes from using them.
How to Improve Your English Pronunciation
Accurate pronunciation is an important part of learning English, or any language for that matter. The way your speech sounds can have a big impact on whether or not people understand what you are saying and their initial impression of you. There are no shortcuts to perfect pronunciation; there are, however, some ways you can practice more effectively and improve your skills faster.
It's often difficult to hear pronunciation errors in your own speech because you are concentrating on actually communicating rather than the sound you are making. If you can't hear your pronunciation problems, it's tough to correct them. Try recording your speech with your smartphone or PC and making a note of specific areas you need to improve on.
Moreover, many English learners think that speaking fluently means they need to speak fast. This is wrong. Speaking too fast reinforces bad habits and makes the speaker sound nervous and indecisive. Speaking slowly will give you time to breathe properly and think about what you want to say next.
Pronunciation is a physical skill. You're teaching your mouth a new way to move and using different muscles. Focus on difficult sounds each day. Having trouble with "th"? Put your tongue between your teeth (don't bite down) and blow air out of your mouth. Feel the air move over the top of your tongue. Another method worth a try is learning popular English songs. Singing helps you relax and just get those words out, as well as helping your rhythm and intonation (语调). Because you don't need to concentrate on constructing sentences for yourself, you can concentrate on making your pronunciation sound great!
Being a high school student is probably one of the hardest things in the world. From the countless classes to the endless homework, your school may seem stressful some days. So, it's understandable if you feel under pressure sometimes.
However, by making a few changes, your high school life could become easier. First, as starters, try to build a better relationship with the most important people in your life: your parents. "To succeed, teens need love, acceptance and support from their parents,” psychologist Sara Villanueva wrote on Psychology Today website. With this in mind, try to explain your difficulties to your parents. That way, they'll understand you better. To do this, simply talk to your parents and share your feelings with them and they may be able to help you. Having a good relationship with your teachers is important too. If you're finding a certain class too hard, talk to your teachers and ask them for help. It's teachers' job to make sure their students understand what they teach, so they'll be more than happy to help you.
And then, you also should start by helping yourself to become more successful at anything you do. To start with, set yourself some realistic goals, like "I'll improve my math grade by next semester," or "I'll join one more after-school club." And rather than just tell yourself these goals, plan them out carefully－and stick to them. You can get yourself a calendar, and mark every piece of school work you have on there, for example. That way, you can see exactly what you need to do and when you need to finish it by.
Another thing to remember, however, is that relaxation is just as important as working hard. "It is good to take time to relax during heavy periods of work to stay energized (精力充沛的) and focused," US student Anna Pohoryles wrote on university website Odyssey. So, if things get too difficult, taking a break may be the best solution of all.
1）促进学习；2）有益健康；3）缓解压力；4）增进友谊。
注意：1）词数：100左右；
2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇： 幽默感：a sense of humor 压力： stress 友谊：friendship
内容：
1）说明设计理由
2）介绍新功能。
注意;:
1）词数不少于120个字
2）不能使用真实姓名和学校名称 
Virtual Fitness
Exercise plays a very important role in a healthy lifestyle. But you may not have time or money to go to a gym on a regular basis. The good news is that today's technology lets you access fitness classes from the comfort of your home. A quick Internet search will turn up thousands of online fitness classes. You can watch videos on your phone, computer or tablet and do the exercises right where you are. All you need is an Internet connection and a space large enough to move around in.
Online fitness classes take a wide variety of forms. Some focus on stretches and slow movements. Other classes involve fast aerobic activity, while others build muscle strength. Some require equipment such as weights, but others use only your body. This means that you can choose a class that does what you like. And you can try a different one whenever you like.
Anyone can post a fitness video on the Internet. Not everyone knows what they are doing. So it is important to think about who is teaching the class. Try to find teachers who are certified by an organization with a good reputation. I tried some virtual fitness classes several years ago. The reason was simple: convenience. I could do a fitness class at any time of day. I didn't need to travel to a gym and back, which saved me a lot of time. But being able to work out any time meant I kept putting it off. I'd do everything else first and then the day would be over. I'd never actually get around to exercising.
Having to exercise at a definite time means I have to put it on my schedule. So for me, scheduled classes such as those at a gym are helpful.
Anyhow, if the gym isn't for you, you may want to give an online fitness class a try.
1）姚明被公认为一名著名的篮球运动员。(recognize)
2）他非常自信、乐观、愿意接受任何挑战。(optimistic)
3）他对篮球如此入迷以至于他把所有的精力都用在篮球上。(so… that)
4）他经常志愿帮助他人，这给青少年树立了一个好榜样。(volunteer to…)
5）姚明给我们留下了好印象，对我国的篮球一定会有很大的影响。(make difference to…)
Does writing come hard to you？Are you discouraged to find yourself poor in writing？Nobody is born knowing how to write. Good writing habits, which help make you write on a regular basis, are necessary for you to improve your writing.
Firstly, you are supposed to read a wide range of books. It's obvious when a writer is not well read lack of reading will be obvious in every sentence one writes. Reading prepares you with necessary knowledge to be a good writer. What's more, it provides you with basic skills for writing. The importance of reading cannot be stressed too much: read as much and as often as you can.
Secondly, it's important to make a writing schedule and write daily if it is possible. Whether you write for two hours a day or fifteen minutes a day, daily writing is the key to developing good writing habits. It's better to write for fifteen or twenty minutes every day than to sit for five or six hours to write over the weekend. However, if you can make a daily writing schedule with longer hours on your writing on weekends, then it's much better.
One of the worst habits is never to get help from others to improve your writing. It is advised that you share your work with others. For example, you can send your writing to a few friends, round up some readers and let them comment on your writing. That way, you'll find your writing gradually improved.
Over the past few years, there has been a big increase in the number of people sharing information online. In this article we will learn about some positive factors for people to share information online.
We often share information with our friends in the office or at home to educate, entertain or pleasantly surprise them. In this way we can connect with others. This is also true while sharing information online. If you look at the Facebook wall posts of your friends, you will realize that most of their updates are usually famous quotes, entertaining videos, inspirational images, funny jokes, etc. 94% of those who responded to a survey by The New York Times said they put a lot of thoughts into how the content they are sharing will be beneficial to others.
A lot of people share information online to represent their true self to the outside world. Some people, especially those who are shy and not comfortable talking about their areas of interest in the presence of others, find it extremely convenient to share that information online with like-minded individuals.
78% of the respondents in the study of The New York Times said they shared information online because it helps them develop better relationships. Today, a lot of people do not have the time to meet each other in person and the Internet has become a great substitute. A lot of people now "meet" each other online, rather than in conventional places like restaurants and pubs.
Lastly, when we share our thoughts online, we are actively engaging with the vast community of people who are a part of the World Wide Web. Sharing information will make a difference to the viewpoints of others, or add to their understanding about the world.
American English began in the 17th century. At the beginning of the 17th century, the English language was brought to North America by colonists (殖民者) from England. They used the language spoken in England, that is, Elizabethan English, the language used by Shakespeare.
In order to find new resources in America, British colonists settled down there and from 1607 to 1732 set up thirteen colonies, including Virginia, North Carolina, New York, and New Jersey. In these thirteen areas, English was a common language used by all people. The first colonists established the English form in America.
As time went by, the English language gradually changed on both sides of the Atlantic. Foreigners longing for wealth set foot on the coastal area to trade. Americans borrowed many words from foreign languages and invented numerous new words to meet their commercial needs.
Following American Independence, famous people like Thomas Jefferson, the President, began to consider that the country should have a language of its own. Noah Webster compiled (编撰) three elementary books on English. Later, he expressed the idea that as an independent nation, America should have a system of its own in language as well as in government.
Since the rise of the United States to a position of world importance, American English has been developing and changing. There is no doubt that American English will enrich the English language greatly. With the rapid development of modern mass media and the common needs of economic, cultural and political exchanges, American English is more widely used in the world than British English.
While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers (同龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.
This pattern of age segregation (隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults.
School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in agesegregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children.
Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 to 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent to 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size as well as in terms of its impact on society's other cultures (adults, younger children).
Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents' daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous (自治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
In 2002, an Australian man went to his friend's 21st birthday party. He got drunk, fell off some steps and cut his lip. He took a picture of his injuries and shared it with his friends online. "And sorry about the focus," he wrote. "It was a selfie(自拍). "That was the first recorded use of the word "selfie", according to some experts at Oxford Dictionaries.
Oxford Dictionaries declared "selfie". In recent years, the act of taking a picture of oneself with a mobile phone, placing the subject center-stage, has won great popularity with everyone from Britain's Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ to U. S. President Barack Obama joining in.
But the rise of selfie photography in some of the world's most beautiful, and dangerous places has also inspired a lot of risk-taking behavior, such as hanging from a tall building, standing in front of a rushing train and crossing a busy street. People who get addicted will never stop taking selfies, completely ignoring where they are. In fact, there have been several reports about people losing their lives while taking selfies. Several governments have now begun treating the selfie as a serious threat to safety, warning visitors to pay attention to the dangers when taking selfies.
"Walt Disney World is also banning selfie-sticks in its theme parks because selfie-sticks have become a growing safety concern for our guests, " Disney World spokeswoman Kim Prunty said under the new policy, and guests will be checked for the equipment during the routine bag check that happens near the parks' entrances.
