说明文 知识点题库
假设你叫李华，你校高二同学正在开展一场讨论，主题是: 高中学生要不要参加体育锻炼。请根据下面所提供的信息，给英文报社写一封信，介绍讨论情况。
55%的同学认为：
应该每天进行体育锻炼；
做早操，打乒乓球、打篮球，但不要时间过长；
锻炼能增强体质，减少疾病；
锻炼能使大脑休息，使学习效果更好。
45% 的同学认为：
锻炼浪费时间;
锻炼容易使人疲劳；
锻炼以后很兴奋，较长时间不能投入学习；
锻炼中途可能会受伤。
写作要求：1. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。2.表达清晰。3.词数100左右。4.开头结尾已写出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：build their body and reduce lot of diseases. 增强体质，减少疾病;
a waste of time and tiring 浪费时间, 使人疲劳
be hurt 受伤
Dear Editor,
I'm writing to tell you about a discussion we've had about whether students should take physical exercise.
……
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
要点如下：1）节日的庆祝时间；
2）节日的象征或传统食物；
3）节日的庆祝方式。
注意：1）词数100左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
My Favourite Festival
1）春节的时间;
2）庆祝春节的方式;
3）春节的习俗。
注意:
1）词数100左右
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
要点包括：
1）学会学习：养成良好的学习方法、习惯（可举例说明）……
2）学会与人相处：对人真诚、友善，帮助别人，与人相处融洽……
3）培养良好的品质：坚定、乐观，挑战困难，努力实现梦想……
写作要求：1）词数100词左右；
2）开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
乐观 optimistic adj. optimistically adv. optimism n.
Ladies and gentlemen,
Good morning! I'm Li Xin.
1)环境污染越来越严重
2)作为学生, 我们应该怎样保护环境
3)号召同学们从现在做起。
注意:
1)词数100左右;
2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
There are few habits as annoying as someone making us wait. However, some punctually-challenged people have no intention of offending anyone. They still want to keep friends, family and bosses happy. They are often painfully aware and ashamed of the damage their lateness could do to their relationships, reputations, careers and finances.
Johnson, a doctor in New York, says his reputation for being unpunctual can sometimes be attributed to a misunderstanding of opinion. "A friend will ask me to come over, and he'll say ‘come anytime from seven.'But if I do turn up at eight or later, he will be annoyed."
Joanna a teacher in London, for whom the most distressing thing is writing school reports, never makes the deadline for herself. "I always spend weeks carefully considering everything about the reports,"she says,"just for fear that any error arises."
【写作内容】
1）用约30个单词为以上材料撰写概要；
2）用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：
⑴退到带来的不良影响（至少两点）；
⑵给Johnson和Joanna提出你的建议，至少两条。
【写作要求】
1）写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2）作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3）不必写标题。
1）高科技产品;国内外广泛使用;
2）主要功能:通话、发短信、上网、照相、玩游戏等;
3）体积小、重量轻、易携带,适用于各年龄段人群。
注意:
1）词数100左右;
2）可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Small businesses hold the key to employed happiness. As the calendar flips to another year, many employees will consider starting the new year on the hunt for a new job.
In today's changing workforce, it is more important than ever for companies to realize that a salary alone is no longer enough to attract or retain strong employees.
According to a survey by Aflac, small business deserve a round of applause for their ability to keep employees happy. The report found that 85 percent of small-business employees are happy in their current job, and more than half（51 percent）agree that most of or all of their happiness in their current job is a result of working for a small business.
Nearly a quarter of participants（23 percent）stated that the feeling of importance was the best part of working for a small business. Small businesses have the unique ability to make employees feel appreciated, respected and valued on a personal and professional level.
In a small-business environment, there are typically fewer layers between newcomers and leadership. This tight-knit structure can create a family-like atmosphere that allows employees to feel that their opinions matter and that they play a significant role in the business's mission.
Flexibility is also vital in creating employee happiness. According to the report, 30 percent of respondents noted that flexible scheduling was the best part of working for a small business. A workplace that promotes healthy work-life balance can create happier, less stressed employees and can also increase productivity.
Although small business excel at keeping employees happy, there is always room for improvement. In a small-business community, money does not seem to be the only motivator. In fact, 65 percent of small-business employees indicate that an improvement in their benefits offerings would make them happier.
By offering a great benefits plan that includes voluntary benefits, small business can ensure that their employees are able to find the right benefits to meet their individual needs.
It is natural for species of animals to become extinct over millions of years. But over the past 200 years, humans have caused the process to speed up. In recent years, the total number of threatened animal species has increased from 5205 to 5345. In most cases this is a result of human activity. How are people speeding up the process of animal extinction?
First of all, people threaten the survival of animal species by destroying their habitats. As the human population grows, people keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread over the land, they destroy animals' homes. If the animals can't find a place to live, they die out. Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this reason.
Overhunting is another way that humans are causing some animals to become extinct. In some parts of the world, the parts of rare animals are worth a lot of money. For example, some people will pay more than $3,000 for a single rhino horn. This encourages hunters to kill rhinos even though the animal faces extinction.
Humans are also polluting the air, water and soil. The effect of pollution on animal species can be complicated. For example, when waste from factories is dumped into rivers, the rivers become polluted. The fish that live in the rivers are poisoned, and the birds cannot lay strong eggs. And some, such as brown pelicans, have become rare and may die out.
Finally, when humans introduce new species into certain environments, the animals that already live there become threatened and face extinction. For example, when European settlers brought rabbits and foxes to Australia, they killed off many native Australian animals, including the bandicoots. Eventually, the rabbits took over the bandicoot habitats. Now bandicoots are threatened with extinction in their own land.
Many of us do the revision work alone by shutting ourselves in a room with a book. Shutting yourself away can make you learn to hate studying. This leads to a situation where instead of being able to pay attention to your work, you are troubled by how unfair it is that you must study. When you hate your work, it's very difficult to make yourself like and do the work. This can be part of a vicious cycle(恶性循环) that you are caught in ineffective revision. Your poor progress makes you dislike the revision work more.
Just being around other people really helps fight against feelings of loneliness and, thankfully, it's perfectly possible to work with a partner. We just need to learn how to deal with distractions(使人分心的事物).
It's not necessary to avoid all people around, just people having nothing to do. Studying in the same room with someone who is ironing(熨烫衣服) or working out is perfectly possible. People who are bored and have nothing to do, however, are terrible to work around. They often try to keep others in conversation.
It's also a good idea to avoid the company(陪伴) of people involved in activities that you like doing very much. Working while sitting next to someone playing video games is much more likely to end with a new high score in the game than a few hours of high-quality revision.
If being around others means working in a noisy environment, a pair of headphones and some background music can keep out even noisy children.
When you're studying for a big exam, it seems like your whole life is taken up with study. Friends and family can lessen feelings of isolation(孤独). And connecting with other people makes us happy, so it's important not to give that up and to make sure that we take the time to be with other people.
注意:
1）短文应包括图中所提供的主要信息，并作适当发挥，使短文内容连贯、完整;
2）词数100左右。
"I think I'm nothing more than a dead fish." "I don't want to do anything." "I'm so beat and so sad." …The young generation in our country used to enjoy their "happy culture" but now they have become "beat and sad" slowly and secretly. Some people even called it "the beat culture". The "beat" youths don't want to do anything. They have no purpose, no desire and they are totally depressed and they only want to live an aimless life. The song "I feel like having been drained" is the example.
Many media concern themselves about this phenomenon and try to persuade the youths into embracing positive and healthy feelings and encourage them to work hard to get rid of decadence. This is really a kind gesture. However, we don't have to worry too much about "the beat culture". In fact, it's not a negative thing. "Beat" never means despair, but a way of self-mockery (自嘲) and pressure relief.
In general, the youths in China are not "beat". According to a recent international research, the youths in China hold positive attitude towards the future. 29% of the Chinese interviewees believe they will live and work in peace in China because "as long as you work hard, you can have your own day". Around 93% of the Chinese interviewees believe the future is promising because of medicine industry, renewable energy sources and computer. Compared with Chinese youngsters, youths in developed countries are more pessimistic.
Of course there are some social reasons for the appearing of "the beat culture". As urbanization develops rapidly, youths living in big cities are facing new challenges that their forefathers have never encountered before. Loneliness and feelings of insignificance and powerlessness are easy to get a hold of the young people. Without proper care, they could threaten the youths' mentality and cause many social problems. These problems probably need our attention more.
In today's world where we have various translation apps that allow us to talk to almost anyone "in his own language", why do we still need to make an effort to learn a foreign language ourselves? There are practical reasons, of course. For example, those who are bilingual (具备双语能力的) have a better chance in the job market. And science has proved that learning to speak more than one language can train one's brain to be stronger.
But there's more to it than that. US author Rita Mae Brown once wrote: "Language is the road map of a culture." By taking a look at the vocabulary and idioms of a language system, we get a glimpse (一瞥) at what's held important in a certain culture. Take the Swedish word "lagom" for example. It means "just the right amount", which doesn't have a matching word either in English or in Chinese. From "lagom", we can see how much the concepts of "moderation (适度)" and "balance" are valued in Swedish culture. By learning a foreign language, you also gain a better understanding of your own culture. Irish language expert Benny Lewis explained this idea in his blog with an interesting metaphor: "Trying to understand your own culture merely from within it is like trying to understand what a bus is like if you've only ever ridden inside it. If you want the bigger picture, you need to get off that bus and examine it from the outside." And by opening our eyes to different cultures, we're able to understand better how people grow up to be different from one another. We also learn to be more tolerant and respectful to the diversity of the world.
As Trinity University professor Leonardo De Valoes wrote on the school's website: "Foreign language study is simply part of a very basic liberal education: to 'educate' is to lead out, to lead out of narrowness and darkness."
实验目的：在盐水中漂浮是否比在淡水中容易。
实验器材：三杯温水, 量杯, 广口瓶, 盐, 勺子, 生土豆。
实验步骤：将一杯半温水倒入广口瓶; 加入三分之一杯盐; 搅拌至盐完全融化; 再加一杯半水, 把这些水慢慢从勺子背面倒入广口瓶使两种液体不混和在一起; 轻轻将土豆放入瓶中, 不要使它掉落到瓶中。
实验结果：土豆会沉入水中——但只会沉入一半。
实验结论：在盐水中漂浮比在淡水中容易。
注意：词数80左右, 可适当增加细节。
核心要点提示：float, salt water, fresh water, measuring cup, wide-mouthed jar, spoon, raw potato, pour, add, stir, completely dissolve, liquid, mix together, gently place...into, sink
Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical (实证的) basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused and lead to relaxation.
Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room's ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings,on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.
In addition to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence a person's ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention. According to another study at the University of Georgia, using nature to improve focus of attention seems to pay off academically. It found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim (暗淡的) light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.
So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. We have a very limited number of studies, so were almost looking at the problem through a straw, architect David Allison says. "How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That's what were all struggling with.”
The Possible Health Dangers of Air-conditioners
Although many of us may feel air-conditioners bring relief from hot, humid or polluted outside air, they pose many potential health hazards. Much research has looked at how the movement of air inside a closed environment—such as an office building—can spread disease or expose people in the building to harmful chemicals.
One of the more widely publicized dangers is that of Legionnaire's disease, which was first recognized in the 1970s. This was found to have affected people in buildings with air-conditioning systems in which warm air pumped out of the system' cooling towers was somehow sucked back into the air intake, in most cases due to poor design. The warm air, filled with bacteria, was combined with cooled, conditioned air and was then circulated around various parts of the building. Studies showed that even people outside such buildings were at risk if they walked past air exhaust pipes.
Large air-conditioning systems add water to the air they circulate by means of humidifiers. In older systems, the water used for this process is kept in special reservoirs, the bottoms of which provide breeding grounds for bacteria which can find their way into the ventilation system. The risk to human health from this situation has been highlighted by the fact that the immune systems of approximately half of workers in air-conditioned office buildings have developed the ability to fight off the organisms found at the bottom of system reservoirs. But chemicals called "biocides" are added to reservoirs to make them germ-free, and they are dangerous in their own right in sufficient quantities, as they often contain compounds strongly linked to cancers.
Finally, it should be pointed out that the artificial climatic environment created by air-conditioners can also affect us. In a natural environment, whether indoor or outdoor, there are small variations in temperature and humidity. Indeed, the human body has long been accustomed to these normal changes. In an air-conditioned living or working environment, however, body temperatures remain well under 37℃, our normal temperature. This leads to a weakened immune system and thus greater exposure to diseases such as colds and flu.
1）家中有能处理一切家务、参与各种活动的智能机器人(intelligent robot);
2）无人驾驶的环保型汽车成为主要的交通工具；
3）月球成为我们度假的好去处。
注意:可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dieters have long sworn that grapefruit helps them lose weight. The Grapefruit, also called the Hollywood Diet, dates back to the 1930s and has a host of celebrity fans including singer Kylie Minogue. It involves having grapefruit or grapefruit juice with every meal while cutting back on calories.
Now, scientists are beginning to believe them.
A study has found that drinking grapefruit juice when eating fatty food lowers the amount of weight put on by up to a fifth.
The research also suggested that grapefruit could be as good as prescription drugs at keeping blood sugar levels under control―a key part of managing diabetes.
The experiments were conducted on mice―but researchers say the results justify studies on humans. Professor Joseph Napoli of the University of California, Berkeley, said," We see all sorts of scams about nutrition. But these results, based on controlled experiments warrant further study of the potential health―promoting properties of grapefruit juice.
The researchers found that when the mice were fed fatty food for three months given grapefruit juice to drink gained up to 18 percent less weight than those given water.
They also had lower blood sugar and insulin levels—despite eating the same number of calories and doing the same amount of exercise as the mice who drank water. In fact, grapefruit juice was as good at controlling insulin as the widely used diabetes drug metformin, the journal PLOS ONE reports.
However, the fruit juice only had an effect on weight when the animals ate fatty food. The researchers said they did not know how grapefruit stops the pounds from piling on.
Spokesman Mariette Abrahams, a dietician, said until then it is too early for people to try grapefruit diets." Grapefruit should be part of a healthy balanced, diet, but it shouldn't be the focus of the diet." she said.
内容包括：
1）活动意图； 2）活动内容； 3）活动反响。
注意：1）词数100左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
