| 1. | 详细信息 |
|
Women Whose Inventions Changed Life Rachel Zimmerman-Blissymbol Printer (1984) At the age of 12, Zimmerman invented the Blissymbol Printer, which helps people with physical disabilities communicate via symbols that get translated into written language. What began as a project for a school science fair ended up competing at the World Exhibition of Achievement of Young Inventors. Zimmerman now works at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where she develops innovations combining space technology and assistive intelligence. Olga D. Gonzalez-Sanabria—Long Cycle-Life Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries (1987) Director of the Systems Management Office and the highest ranking Hispanic at NASA Glenn Research Center, Gonzalez-Sanabria played a critical role in the development of the "Long Cycle-Life Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries" which help enable the International Space Station power system. She has since won the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal and the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. Ann Tsukamoto-Stem Cell Isolation (分离) (1991) Tsukamoto and her colleagues were the first scientists to identify and isolate blood-forming stem cells. Patented in 1991-the first of 12 patents related to her research-Tsukamoto has furthered her research and thanks to her, bone marrow transplants (骨髓移植) have saved the lives of thousands of people battling blood cancer. Donna Strickland-Chirped Pulse Amplification (2018) The third woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics, Strickland, along with Dr. Gerard Mourou of France, has significantly advanced the science of lasers (激光). They developed a technology for creating short, powerful laser pulses. The technique, called Chirped Pulse Amplification, has been used in corrective eye surgeries. 【1】What can we know about the invention developed in 1987? A.It is the inventor's first of 12 patents. B.It is used in the International Space Station. C.It can translate symbols into written languages. D.It connects space technology with assistive intelligence. 【2】Whose invention inspired a cure for blood cancer? A.Ann Tsukamoto's. B.Donna Strickland's. C.Rachel Zimmerman's. D.Olga D. Gonzalez-Sanabria's. 【3】Which invention may benefit those with poor eyesight? A.Blissymbol Printer. B.Stem Cell Isolation. C.Chirped Pulse Amplification. D.Long Cycle-life Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries. |
|
| 2. | 详细信息 |
|
Several years ago, Chris Williams was driving home on a Wednesday night in Conroe, Texas, just like he always did. “It was dark and raining hard, and I could barely make out two people walking on the road,” he recalled. Born and raised in Louisiana, Williams often watched his father go out of his way to help people in trouble. So he did something his dad would have done. He asked the two women if they needed a ride. They jumped in, and Williams learned why they were walking. Their truck had been in the repair shop for nearly three months. “I asked the woman who owned the truck why it was in the shop so long, and the woman hung her head and told me, ‘I can’t afford to fix it,’” Williams continued. Williams had always dreamed of opening his own auto repair garage that would help women in need. “Right then and there, I decided I needed to figure out a way to get my dream of opening a free garage off the ground,” he said. As a father of two girls, Williams had a calling to help single moms, widows and military wives. Williams borrowed money and asked people he knew for donations to start his new career, and several months later, he opened The Garage, a nonprofit that repairs vehicles for women in need-at no cost. The organization gives renewed vehicles away, too. Williams understood the economic difficulty being carless can cause, and how his nonprofit could help. “Car repairs can be expensive, and where I live, it’s very rural.” Williams explained. “So if you don’t have a car, you can’t get a job. And if you don’t have a job, you can’t buy a car. It’s a cruel dilemma.” The Garage ended that dilemma for a whole lot of women in the surrounding community last year. The nonprofit gave away 146 vehicles and repaired 127. One of those recipients was Jeanne McGowan. “Several years ago, I became ill and could not maintain my job and I lost my car because I could not work,” she told a local TV reporter. “I’m thrilled to be a receiver of one of their cars.” 【1】Why did Williams give the two women a lift? A.He was asked to lend a hand. B.He was doing some voluntary work. C.He wanted to follow his father’s footsteps. D.He was going to the same destination as theirs. 【2】What do the underlined words “off the ground” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A.At a loss. B.In progress. C.Out of sight. D.Beyond reach. 【3】What do we know about The Garage? A.It was set up by Williams for his daughters. B.It has donated 127 vehicles to those in need. C.It helps poor women repair their vehicles for free. D.It has won financial support from the government. 【4】What did McGowan mean by her words? A.She expected local TV to do her a favor. B.She was seriously ill after losing her job. C.She was excited to have a car from The Garage. D.She determined to donate her old car to the poor. |
|
| 3. | 详细信息 |
|
What if the Moon had never existed? For starters we know that the geophysical and climatological history of the Earth would have been different. Although there is still large uncertainty about how the Moon was formed, the most currently favored theory describes a disastrous collision between the Earth and another planetary object. That event forever changed many aspects of the Earth's evolution. For example, with a relatively large natural satellite putting gravitational tidal forces (潮汐力) on it, the Earth's spin behavior has been quite different than it would have been otherwise. Day length has increased more rapidly than without a moon. And the natural changes in the direction of the Earth's spin axis (轴)-its poles-have been less than they would have been otherwise. A shorter day length and axial variations like these would have changed the Earth's climate history, and almost certainly have changed the way any life evolved. But if a species like us had still appeared, its landscape for space exploration would also have been completely different. Without a large natural satellite, a mere quarter of a million miles away, there would have been no "easy" trip to make to another world. If there had been a first human mission to another world, it would likely have been to Mars. But this would surely have called for far more extensive designing of spacecraft and life-support systems for deep space. Perhaps instead the initial focus would have been entirely on Earth-orbiting equipment for people and robotic missions to other worlds. Or, maybe the attraction of the seemingly near impossible would still have encouraged these humans from an alternate reality to take the great leap to Mars as their first step outwards. It is of course, impossible to know exactly what our world would really be like without the Moon-both physically, and in terms of human exploration. But one thing does seem clear: we probably take our natural satellite's existence far too much for granted. Not every inhabited planet in the universe will have its own ready-made gateway to the universe. 【1】Why does the author use the question at the very beginning? A.To introduce the widely accepted theory. B.To mention the destructive collision. C.To prove a wrong assumption. D.To attract readers' interest. 【2】What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2? A.Compare day lengths in different climates. B.Introduce the evolution of life on the Earth. C.Explain why the Earth's spin behavior remains. D.Show how the Moon greatly influences the Earth. 【3】What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.The Earth's evolution. B.The mission to Mars. C.The trip to the Moon. D.Earth-orbiting equipment. 【4】What's the author's purpose in writing the text? A.To call on people to study the Earth. B.To stress the significance of the Moon. C.To speak highly of human exploration. D.To prove assumptions about moonless Earth. |
|
| 4. | 详细信息 |
|
Faster, cheaper, better-technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future. But as the 2020s dawn, optimism is in short supply. The new technologies that dominated the past decade seem to be making things worse. Social media were supposed to bring people together, but they are better known for leaking privacy. E-commerce, ride-hailing (网约车) and the gig economy (零工经济) may be convenient, but they are charged with underpaying workers, worsening inequality and blocking the streets with vehicles. Today's pessimistic mood is centered on smart phones and social media, which took off a decade ago. Yet concerns that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good have arisen before. The 1920s witnessed a criticism against cars, which had earlier been seen as an answer to the problems caused by horse-drawn vehicles which filled the streets with noise and animal waste and caused accidents. And industrialization was criticized in the 19th century by Romantics who worried about the replacement of skilled workers, the robbing of the countryside and the suffering of factory hands. However, that pessimism can be overdone. Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology while taking its benefits for granted. Worries about screen time should be weighed against the much more substantial benefits of convenient communication and the instant access to information and entertainment that smartphones make possible. A further danger is that Luddite (反对技术进步者) efforts to avoid the short-term costs associated with a new technology will end up denying access to its long-term benefits-something Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford academic, calls a "technology trap". Fears that robots will steal people's jobs may discourage their use. Yet in the long run countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer. Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill. It is the choices people make about it that shape the world. Perhaps the real source of anxiety is not technology itself, but growing doubts about the ability of societies to hold this debate, and come up with good answers. So as the decade turns, put aside the pessimism for a moment. To be alive in the tech-obsessed 2020s is to be among the luckiest people who have ever lived. 【1】What phenomenon is described in Paragraph 1? A.The seriousness of social inequality. B.The rapid development of technology. C.Problems brought by personal privacy leaks. D.Worries about the influence of new technologies. 【2】Which word can best describe Romantics' concern over industrialization? A.Negative. B.Uncertain. C.Sympathetic. D.Enthusiastic. 【3】What might be a result of a "technology trap"? A.A lack of good jobs in the job market. B.An increase in the number of Luddites. C.A decrease in the number of skilled workers. D.An interruption to the advancement of a new technology. 【4】What is the best title for the text? A.Pessimism vs Progress B.Technology vs Civilization C.2020s: The Age of Technology D.Robots: Our Future Caretakers |
|
| 5. | 详细信息 |
|
Have you ever had a chat with Siri? Do you ask Google to play your favorite song? Have you ever had Alexa order a pizza for dinner? 【1】 Voice assistants are programs on digital devices that listen and respond to verbal (口头的) commands. Users can say, "What's the weather like?" and the voice assistant will answer with the weather report for that day and location. They could say, "Tell me a story," and the assistant will jump into a tale. But how do voice assistants understand us? A complex system of codes? An actual person listening on the other end? 【2】 It all starts with a signal word. Have you ever called a friend's name to get their attention? Users say the names of their voice assistants for the same reason. They might say. "Hey Siri!" or simply, "Alexa!" 【3】 It signals to the voice assistant that it should begin paying attention. After the voice assistant hears its signal word, it starts recording. The device waits for a pause to know you've finished your request. It then sends your recorded request over the Internet to its database. Once in the database, your request is compared to other requests. 【4】 The database then sends these commands back to the voice assistant. Once it receives the commands, the voice assistant knows what to do next. Voice assistants are improving all the time. Have you ever asked a voice assistant for something and received results you didn't expect? 【5】 That teaches the device that the command it received from its database was wrong. It communicates that with the database and tries to do better next time. A.The battle for voice assistant market share is fierce. B.Whatever the signal word is, it wakes up the device. C.The answer is less complicated than you might think. D.Voice assistants are inside smart speakers in our homes. E.Each time this happens, the voice assistant learns from its mistake. F.Today's voice assistants can help you out with just about anything. G.It's split into separate commands your voice assistant can understand. |
|
| 6. 完形填空 | 详细信息 |
|
This might be the most magical way to lose weight. A California resident __________ how he lost 150 pounds: by going to Disneyland. After a major health __________, his then-girlfriend-now-wife suggested taking long walks around the popular amusement __________. Mark Gautier had just __________ from a two-week coma (昏迷) when he got some __________ news from his doctor. "The doctor said, 'You really need to do something or you're not going to __________ much long.'" After the time, he weighed 400 pounds and his kidneys (肾) were reportedly __________. His situation was so __________ that doctors had once given up on him. In order to get the __________ he needed, his girlfriend suggested that they __________ to Disneyland and __________ walk around. "The first two times that I came to Disneyland just to walk around it was __________ because I wasn't used to walking," Gautier said. "Then after about two weeks, I __________ the place." At length, he was walking seven miles a day through the park. __________ exercise, Gautier also changed his eating habits. "It wasn't so much that we changed what we ate; it was the __________ of food that we ate," he explained. "We cut down on everything," Gautier said. This __________ him to still eat foods like turkey legs and corn dogs. It took Gautier about five years to lose 150 pounds using this __________. Now, he's married, has a daughter and __________ works for Disneyland as a houseman at their hotel. He's also taking __________ of the Disney Aspire education program to get his bachelor's degree, and __________, master's degree. 【1】A.imagined B.wondered C.observed D.exposed 【2】A.scare B.technology C.benefit D.service 【3】A.company B.club C.shop D.park 【4】A.separated B.recovered C.originated D.learned 【5】A.controversial B.amusing C.shocking D.useful 【6】A.wait B.last C.hide D.rest 【7】A.missing B.shot C.failing D.recorded 【8】A.serious B.regular C.similar D.ridiculous 【9】A.permission B.knowledge C.fortune D.exercise 【10】A.agree B.head C.move D.compare 【11】A.hardly B.especially C.gradually D.simply 【12】A.unique B.tough C.popular D.realistic 【13】A.fell for B.came across C.cleaned up D.picked out 【14】A.Instead of B.But for C.Aside from D.Regardless of 【15】A.quantity B.quality C.type D.safety 【16】A.forced B.persuaded C.allowed D.inspired 【17】A.explanation B.method C.research D.standard 【18】A.actually B.suddenly C.naturally D.secretly 【19】A.place B.hold C.care D.advantage 【20】A.previously B.traditionally C.eventually D.uncertainly |
|
| 7. | 详细信息 |
|
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式（每空最多可填3个单词）。 With the six solar terms (节气) in spring 【1】 (arrive) in order, everything wakes up from winter. Start of Spring is the first of the 24 solar terms, 【2】 is considered the beginning of spring. On this day, Chinese People have a custom of "biting spring", where they eat carrots or spring cakes to celebrate 【3】 (it) arrival. A shower of Rain Water awakens hibernating creatures. The spring thunder surges (涌动) after Insects Awaken and then Spring Equinox falls, marking the true arrival of spring. 【4】 follows is Clear and Bright, when the ever-changing temperature makes many people not very 【5】 (comfort). However, after finishing dates with blooming flowers, Grain Rain arrives. It indicates the hot summer is coming. Traditional Chinese agricultural production 【6】 (guide) by solar terms and so has tea production. Picking tea leaves has been one of important spring activities in China. According to data of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 【7】 row China's annual tea production has ranked first for years. China has been a major tea producing country 【8】 ancient times. Tea culture covers a 【9】 (vary) of fields and is rich in content, so getting the Chinese tea culture known to the world is 【10】 vital importance. |
|
| 8. 改错 | 详细信息 |
|
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。 修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Kobe Bean Bryant was an former American professional basketball player. After complete high school, Bryant decides to pursue a career in basketball. He became one of the few players who was chosen directly from high school. His performance improved with every game but added a new feather to his crown. "Do you know that what Los Angeles looks like at 4 a. m?", which has become a classic sentence to describe Kobe Bryant. Kobe devoted him to charity, helping poor children in various way. He spared no effort contribute to the community. Sad enough, Kobe died on January 26, 2020 in a helicopter crash. |
|
| 9. 书面表达 | 详细信息 |
|
假如你是李华，作为交换生受英国的一所学校之邀，就中国正在实施的垃圾分类（garbage classification）向英国的同学们作一介绍，请你就此写一篇发言稿。 内容包括：1．中国的做法；2．垃圾分类的意义。 注意：1．词数120左右；2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Good morning everybody, I am Li Hua, a senior high student from China. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ |
|
