上海市2018年高三上册英语期中考试带答案与解析

1. 语法填空

详细信息

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct .For the blanks with a given word , fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
In 1915,Maurice E. McLoughlin, a well-known tennis player, published an instructional autobiography 【1】 (call) Tennis as I Played It. Two years earlier, McLoughlin had become the first American finalist at the Wimbledon tournament in England and tennis fans were excited to uncover the secrets of his success. Anticipation for McLoughlin’s story grew even more in 1914.Winning a number of major tournaments that year, he 【2】 (declare) the Number 1 tennis player in the world. When Tennis as I Play It 【3】 come out in 1915,no one had any reason to suspect that it might have been written by 【4】 else. However, the author of Tennis as I Play was not McLoughlin at all, but the as-yet unknown novelist Sinclair, his ghostwriter. Why, then, is Tennis as I Play It considered the tennis player’s book?
A ghostwriter is an author who writes a text that is officially credited to another author, and the history of such practices is 【5】 (long) than we might expect. In other words, Tennis as I Play It was not the first famous ghostwritten book, and it won’t be the last. Ghostwriter can happen for a number of reasons, and 【6】 its merits are debatable, it remains an acceptable practice in the publishing world. Some in the industry suggest that as many as half of non-fiction books are written with the help from ghostwriter.
Today, ghostwriting 【7】 take a number of different forms. It is perhaps most prominent in the autobiographies and memories of celebrities. Is the practice restricted 【8】 celebrity autobiographies and memories? No, ghostwriting is equally prominent in lesser-known spheres as well. Political speeches, for example, are often credited to the politician who delivers them, and then that politician just reads the speech from a teleprompter. In addition, many popular songs claim a popular singer or performer as songwriter; therefore they have been shaped more by a producer than by any of the credited songwriters.
Ghostwriting--whether we approve of or not--is here 【9】 (stay).Sometimes as in the case of Sinclair Lewis, the ghostwriters will eventually become famous authors in their own right. Much more often, we are moved by the writing of authors 【10】 names we will never learn.

2. 短文填空

详细信息

Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

When we meet someone for the first time, we usually get a vague sense of what kind of person they are by the way they shake hands, talk, or walk. In the age of social networking. however, first impressions are sometimes made even before we 【1】 meet someone in person--that is, by looking at their profile photo.
According to a recent study, these social images say a lot about our personality. In the study, resented in a paper at the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, a group of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania in the US used software to 【2】 the profile pictures of 66,000 users of US social platform Twitter and 3,200 of their tweets. At the same time, about 434 participants were asked to complete a survey about their personality type.
The researchers wanted to find out if there was a 【3】 between personality traits--like openness, extroversion, and neuroticism--and a person’s profile picture. According to the results, open people are more 【4】 to pose in an unusual way and use objects such as glasses or a guitar in their profile photo because they enjoy new and exciting experiences. Meanwhile, neurotic people often hold back their 【5】 emotions. They try to avoid showing their face; instead, they use an image of something like a pet, a car or a building. That’s because neurotic people are strongly 【6】 by the “strong social norm against a very sad or angry appearance in profile pictures,” Daniel Preoiuc-Pietro from the University of Pennsylvania wrote in the research paper.
Apart from the objects in profile pictures, the colors used in them also give us some 【7】 about the photo’s owner. For example, extraverts were found to have the most colorful profile images, as they want to 【8】 their personality and show themselves off, the researchers wrote.
Although social media photos “usually represent an extension of one’s self, they also allow a user to shape his or her own personality and 【9】 view,” according to the researchers.
So, when choosing a profile photo, maybe we should ask ourselves first what kind of image we’d like to convey. After all, first impressions always 【10】.

3. 完形填空

详细信息

How Arts Promote Our Economy
When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music, or an award-winning __________ in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities. The economic impact of the arts is often __________ and badly judged.
The arts create jobs that help develop the __________.Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, mangers, musicians, or writers to create a(n) __________ piece of art. These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.
Another group of folks is needed to help market the event. “If you build it they will come” is a misleading belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and __________ the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent __________.
A __________ arts neighborhoods creates a ripple effect （连锁反应）throughout a community. In 2005,when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town. After investing more than 51 million in __________ the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz concerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008.Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.
No doubt the theater has __________ the area’s development and economic growth. Today, there are galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy.__________,arts and culture also serve as a public good.
Teco Theatrical Production Inc. made use of Bloomberg’s investment of $35,000 to get nearly $40,000 in public and private sector support during the two-year period. Further, Dallas arts and arts-based business produce $298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and support 44,000 jobs,80 percent of which actually lie __________ the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.
The arts are efficient economic __________ and when they are supported, the entire small-business community __________.
It is wrong to __________ arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups must produce returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B. But those who __________ understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.
【1】A.performances B.preservation C.project D.rehearsal
【2】A.regarded B.confused C.informed D.overlooked
【3】A.idea B.economy C.finance D.cultivation
【4】A.reliable B.accessible C.appealing D.fragile
【5】A.organize B.promote C.deliver D.oppose
【6】A.contractors B.participants C.activists D.residents
【7】A.delightful B.specific C.successful D.supportive
【8】A.removing B.transferring C.reforming D.reconstructing
【9】A.related to B.contributed to C.opposed to D.objected to
【10】A.In this way B.On the other hand C.After all D.As opposed to
【11】A.inside B.outside C.within D.among
【12】A.designs B.indicators C.drivers D.experts
【13】A.benefits B.possesses C.strands D.imposes
【14】A.present B.challenge C.resemble D.assume
【15】A.extremely B.truly C.currently D.socially

4. 阅读理解

详细信息

Called 'the man who shaped America' and 'the father modern industrial design', Raymond Loewy must be one of the most influential designer of all time. He revolutionized the industry, working as a consultant for more than 200 companies and creating designs for everything from packaging to refrigerators, from cars to the interiors of spacecraft.
Loewy's design all had one thing in common. They were shaped by the MAYA principle - Most Advanced Yet Acceptable. His idea was that people will not accept solutions to design problems if the solutions are too different from current designs.
After a short period as a fashion illustrator, Loewy started his career in industrial design in 1929 by re-designing a copying machine for the British manufacturer, Sigmund Gestetner. The 28-years-old designer completed the task in three days and the design of the machine lasted for the next 40 years.
The Gestetner duplicator was the beginning of many design which used streamlining. He described this as 'beauty through function and simplification'. He spent the next 50 years streamlining everything from postage stamps and company logos to the interiors of stores. The famous Greyhound bus and Studebaker car show his use of streamlining in action.
He is perhaps most famous for his re-design of the Lucky Strike packaging. In 1940 , the President of the Lucky Strike Manufacturing Company, Goerge Washington Hill, be Loewy $50,000 that he could not improve the appereance of the green and red Lucky Strike . Loewy accepted the challenge. He changed the background of the packet from green to white. Then he put the red lucky strike target on both sides of the packet. This made it more eye-catching and greatly increased sales. It is now recognised as a design classic.
Loewy's logo design aimed at 'Visual retention'. He wanted to make sure that anyone who saw the logo, even for a short while, would never forget it. He designed many highly visible logos for famous companies such as Shell Oil , Exxon, Greyhound and Nabisco.
By the mid 20th century, his industrial design firm was so famous that he could say 'the average person, leadinga normal life lose is bound to be in daily contact with some of the things, service or structure' designed by his firm.
【1】Loewy’s biggest influence was in ______ .
A.completely changing the industry
B.successfully shaping Americans’ taste
C.changing people’s idea about design
D.building a professional design team
【2】Loewy’s designs were based on the idea of ______.
A.offering original but not revolutionary answers to problems
B.providing completely different design
C.providing most immediately recognizable designs
D.speeding up the design process
【3】The word “retention”(in paragraph 6) most probably means ______.
A.keeping B.escaping
C.forgetting D.remembering
【4】What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Loewy provided service to ordinary people.
B.Loewy’s design were famous and influential.
C.Loewy’s design firms existed all over the world.
D.Loewy was welcomed and respected by the public.

5. 阅读理解

详细信息

Professional sportspeople will go to extraordinary lengths to gain an edge over their opponents, But what really works?

Cashew nuts Kelly Holmes, Britain’s double-Olympic gold medalist, said cashew nuts were her secrets weapon at the Athens Olympics. ‘Cashew nuts are my little secret,’ she said, adding that they helped to boost her powers of recovery so she was fully prepared for her next race. A 50g serving of cashew provides one-fifth of a woman’s daily iron requirements and around one-tenth of a man’s zinc needs.	Expert Verdict: ‘All nuts are a rich source of dietary protein-- needed to enhance the recovery process of muscles after intense activity,’ says Jeanette Crosland, consultant dietician to the British Olympic Association.
Fancy contact lenses Developed over eight years, the MaxSight contact lens is designed specifically to improve the sharpness of an athlete’s vision. The lenses are currently being tested by AC Milan players and use what the developers call ‘Light Architecture’ optics to filter specific wavelengths of light in order to ‘enhance key visual elements’--such as a ball--at the same time as reducing sun glare.	Expert Verdict: ‘They could offer an advantage over normal lenses for sport by reducing the glare of light and sun,’ say Louise Sutton, principal lecturer in Health and Exercise Science at Leeds Metropolitan University.
Nasal strips They look like sticking plasters and were developed to help people with health problems like excessive snoring, but in recent years Breathe Right nasal strips have gained in popularity among sportspeople who believe that they improve airflow through the nose and into the lungs. They can often be seen worn by professional footballers and other athletes.	Expert Verdict: ‘During exercise when we begin breathing harder, the air coming in is predominantly supplied via the mouth,’ says Sutton,’ It may improve airflow through the nasal passage, but there is no evidence that it reaches the lungs and boots performance.’
Low oxygen tents Exposure to thin, mountain air has long been known to benefit competitors in endurance events like cycling and running because it helps the body to adapt to using oxygen more efficiently. Manufacturers have now developed low-oxygen tents to stimulate this effect	Expert Verdict: Stephen Day, an exercise physiologist at Stafford Shire University, carried out tests on runners to see how effective sleeping in a low-oxygen tent can be, ‘We found that one athlete’s aerobic capacity improved by a massive 30% several months of sleeping in a low-oxygen tent,’ he says. during

【1】The passage talks mainly about .
A.the foods athletes eat to enhance their strength
B.the approaches athletes take to improve their performance
C.the ways in which experts try to help athletes do better in competitions
D.the methods by which manufactures promote their products to athletes
【2】The effects of ______ haven’t been proved scientifically.
A.cashes nuts B.fancy contact lenses
C.nasal strips D.low oxygen tents
【3】Which of the following tools may help a marathon runner to a great extent?
A.Cashew nuts and fancy contact lenses.
B.Fancy contact lenses and nasal strips.
C.Nasal strips and low oxygen tents.
D.Low oxygen tents and cashew nuts.

6. 阅读理解

详细信息

Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.
It found many youngsters（少年）now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “likes”. Some change their behavior in real life to improve their image on the web.
The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children’s Commissioner (专员）Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.
Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13. The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends — and friends of friends — to demand “likes” or their online posts.
The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.
Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their posts. However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts” , suggesting a “ need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.
Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media” .
She said: “Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”
As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves” .
Miss Longfield added: “Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don’t care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once.”
“For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally.” The Children’s Commissioner for England’s study—Life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.
However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12 — suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.
By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.
However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities（名人）or more brilliant friends online. The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.
The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield（雷区）they faced online. And she said social media companies must also “ take more responsibility” . They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.
Javed Khan, of children’s charity Barnardo’s, said: “ It’s vital that new compulsory age-appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.
“ It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”
【1】Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?
A.They were not provided with adequate equipment.
B.They were not well prepared for emotional risks.
C.They were required to give quick responses.
D.They were prevented from using mobile phones.
【2】Some social app companies were to blame because_________
A.they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration
B.they organized photo trips to attract more youngsters
C.they encouraged youngsters to post more photos
D.they didn’t stop youngsters from staying up late
【3】Children’s comparing themselves to others online may lead to_________.
A.less friendliness to each other
B.lower self-identity and confidence
C.an increase in online cheating
D.a stronger desire to stay online
【4】According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to_________.
A.circulate their posts quickly
B.know the qualities of their posts
C.use mobile phones for play
D.get more public approval
【5】What should parents do to solve the problem?
A.Communicate more with secondary schools.
B.Urge media companies to create safer apps.
C.Keep track of children’s use of social media.
D.Forbid their children from visiting the web.

详细信息

Directions: Read the passage carefully, fill in each blank with a proper sentences given in the box. Each sentences can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Many college students today struggle with cheating. The Internet offers many temptations--there are term papers for sale along with articles and news reports that can be copied for free with the click of a mouse. It is not surprising that cheating is sometimes difficult to resist.
【1】.Polly Sanders, a student at a small liberal arts college, knows that handing in a paper from the Internet is plagiarism. But what about using a paragraph? She admits that she has often taken a paragraph and changed a few words to make it “her” own work. That is not plagiarizing, is it? Polly may not know it, but according to her college, it is.
Polly is not the only student who isn’t sure what is cheating and what is not 【2】.A 2001 survey by the Center for Academic Integrity shows cheating is becoming acceptable. The survey found that 41 percent of the students believe that plagiarism is common. Perhaps most worrying was the 27 percent who said that falsifying lab data happens, often or very often on campus. It is hard to believe that all of these young scientists change their ways after graduation.
If students are becoming less concerned about ramification of cheating, colleges and universities are working harder to catch the cheaters. Some administrators use sophisticated computer search engines to find Internet plagiarists. However, many other colleges are using honor codes to combat cheating. And effective honor code clearly describes the boundaries of legitimate and illegitimate work. In addition, it sets punishments for breaking it.【3】 “It is a psychological effect; if people expect you to be honorable, you are more likely to respond with honorable behavior” says O. Koehance, the President of Duke University in north Carolina.
【4】.They may offer students more freedom, but if they do not obey, the punishment is severe. For example the honor code at Wellesley College in Massachusetts allows students to take exams when and where they want. The students simply inform the teacher when they will taking the exam. Then they can choose to go wherever they want. The students are trusted, But if they are caught cheating, the punishment can be severe.
Some people say that simply putting in an honor code will not solve the problem, but several studies since the 1980s have shown that schools without honor codes tend to have about twice as much as cheating as those with honor codes in place.
A. If she gets caught, she would receive a failing grade, or maybe slowing out of school.
B. This uncertainty is partly because of the fact that standards are changing.
C. Honor codes can be boasts a carrot and a stick.
D. Educators say that the simple act of students singing the honor code makes a difference.
E.A culture where people are genuinely offended by cheating have to be built. F. Furthermore, students often do not understand exactly what constitutes cheating.

8. 翻译	详细信息
Translation 【1】不掌握大量词汇是无法学好一门外语的。（without）【2】对于怎么解决我的问题，我的同事提出来很多建设性建议。(as to ) 【3】她的演讲非常有趣，观众忍不住时不时发出笑声。（cannot help）【4】生态保护对人类的福祈和未来至关重要，也孕育着世界发展的历史性机遇。(bring about )

9. 书面表达

详细信息

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是李华，你有个英国笔友John（pen pal）要来中国交流两周，需要住在中国交流家庭里。他发邮件向你询问一些中国相关的习俗，你要回复邮件的内容应当包括以下内容：
1. 询问John 到达的具体时间；
2. 推荐John 合适的给中国招待家庭的礼物并说明原因；
3. 告知John 日常生活中需要注意的礼节
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