| 1. | 详细信息 |
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Automatic dishwashers have been around for more than 100 years. It started in 1886 with Josephine Cochrane, a woman in Shelbyville, Illinois. She was a rich woman who could afford servants to wash her dishes, so she really didn’t mind the work. What she did mind was that her servants broke the dishes. She hosted quite a few dinner parties, and after every party the servants broke more of her expensive dishes. Finally, Cochrane took action. First, she measured her dishes and bent wire into racks to hold them. Next, she put the racks on a wheel in a large copper boiler. Then, the boiler sprayed hot, soapy water on the dishes as a motor turned the wheel. After a hot water rinse(冲洗), the dishes were clean! Josephine Cochrane’s friends were impressed with the machine and asked her to build more. After that, word got out fast. Soon hotel and restaurant owners who didn’t like broken dishes also were interested. Cochrane then knew that she had a wonderful machine, so she received a patent from the government, which said that only the inventor can make money from an invention. Then in 1893 Chicago held a World’s Fair where inventions from all over the world were shown. Cochrane’s labor-saving machine was a big hit. Her dishwasher won the highest award. Cochrane’s company came out with a smaller machine in 1914. It was supposed to be for the ordinary home, but it wasn’t an immediate success. Many homes couldn’t produce the extremely hot water it needed. Also, in most homes, dishwashing wasn’t considered very difficult compared to most other housework. In fact some people liked to relax at the sink after a hard day! Sales of the home model finally picked up in the 1950s when people had more money and wanted to have more time to enjoy themselves. Now many homes have electric dishwashers that aren’t very different from the one Josephine Cochrane invented more than 100 years ago. 【1】Why did Josephine Cochrane invent the dishwasher? A.To avoid possible damage to the dishes. B.To reduce the number of servants. C.To host more dinner parties. D.To make the dishes cleaner. 【2】What does the underlined words in Paragraph 3 suggest? A.The machine wasn’t as efficient as described. B.Josephine Cochrane could no longer keep it a secret. C.The invention drew immediate attention of the public. D.Josephine’s friends soon began to talk about the new machine. 【3】The smaller machine became popular only when . A.people had more relaxing jobs B.hot water was not needed C.housework became easier D.people’s living conditions improved |
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| 2. | 详细信息 |
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Say you're in the supermarket parking lot, holding your baby, bags of goods, and trying to open your car. A stranger walks up and says, “Here，let me hold your baby.” Should you let him? According to a new New York University study, knowing whether or not to trust someone is so important that we can tell whether a face is trustworthy before we even consciously know it's there. The researchers knew from previous studies that people are fairly similar when it comes to how they judge a face's trustworthiness. They wanted to find out whether that would be true if people only saw a face for a quick moment—an amount of time so short that it would prevent making a conscious judgment. To carry out their study, the researchers monitored the amygdala (扁桃腺结构) of 37 volunteers while showing them 300 faces for 33 milliseconds each. Those faces had already been tested with a different set of 10 subjects, who saw them for much longer. In those earlier tests, people agreed about whether to trust each face. In this new study, fascinatingly, different parts of the amygdala lit up when a subject saw an untrustworthy face and a trustworthy one—and it lit up more when the face in question was suspicious. “Faces that appear likely to cause harm are suddenly tracked by the amygdala, so it could then quickly change other brain processes and make fast responses to people—approach or avoid,” says Jon Freeman, the study's senior author. “Our talents for making instant judgments could either come from birth or be learned from the social environment.” So should you trust the guy in the parking lot? Your brain already knows. 【1】The amygdala lit up more clearly when people __________ . A.came across a neutral face mask B.met a reliable person C.saw an untrustworthy face D.saw a familiar face 【2】What can we infer from Freeman's words? A.Brain processes cannot be changed. B.The ability of making fast judgments can be acquired. C.The amygdala decides the accuracy of judgments. D.The amygdala tracks only faces of bad men. 【3】What would be the best title for the passage? A.Is facial trustworthiness reliable? B.You can judge a person even without being aware of it C.Can the amygdala reveal how people make automatic judgments? D.Your brain decides whether to trust people in milliseconds |
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| 3. | 详细信息 |
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The other day, my sister and I were sitting in the restaurant, trying to have a conversation, but her children, four-year-old Willow and seven-year-old Luca, would not stop fighting. The arguments-over a fork, or who had more water in a glass-never stopped. Then my sister reached into her handbag, produced two shiny iPads, and handed one to each child. Suddenly, the two were quite. They sat playing games and watching videos, and we continued with our conversation. After our meal, as my sister stuffed the iPads back into her bag, she said, “I don’t want to give them the iPads at the dinner table, but if they keep them occupied for an hour so we can eat in peace, I often just hand them over. I am afraid that it’s bad for them. I do worry that it makes them think it’s OK to use electronics at the dinner table in the future.” Dr. Gary Small, director of the Longevity Center at the University of California, Los Angeles says that the brain is highly sensitive to stimuli（刺激物），like iPads and smartphone screen, and if people spend too much time on one technology, and less time interacting（互动）with people like parents at the dinner table, that could prevent the development of certain communication skills. “Conversations with each other are the way children learn to have conversations with themselves, and learn how to be alone,” said Sherry Turkle, a professor of science, technology and society at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She fears that children who do not learn real interactions, which often have imperfections, will come to know a world where perfect, shiny screens give them a false sense of intimacy（亲密）without risk. However, they need to be able to gather themselves and know who they are. So someday they can form a relationship with another person without a panic of being alone. “If you don’t teach your children to be alone, they will only know how to be lonely,” she said. 【1】What did Willow and Luca fight about? A.Little things. B.iPads. C.Delicious food. D.Interesting things. 【2】How did the author’s sister feel about offering children iPads? A.She was critical of it. B.She was uncertain about it. C.She felt it was worth a try. D.She felt surprised at its effect. 【3】According to Dr. Small, what should parents do? A.Provide their children with various technologies. B.Teach their children communication skills. C.Limit their children’s screen time. D.Talk to their children at the dinner table. 【4】What is Sherry Turkle worried? A.Children are afraid of taking risks. B.Children try to escape from the real world. C.Children can’t deal with companion-less situations. D.Children can’t live without electronic devices. |
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| 4. 其他阅读题型 | 详细信息 |
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Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy, as there's no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. 【1】. Give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. 【2】, children can give more logical, complete and creative answers. Watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don t jump in with “That's right" or “Very good”. 【3】. But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying "That's interesting or "I have never thought of it that way before”，or coming up with more questions or ideas. Never force a child to think. 【4】, as children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What's more, giving them freedom to think can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement. 【5】 Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass (放大镜), and they'll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates (蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop. A. It doesn't make sense B. Listen to their questions C. Teach them by examples D. You only have to share your children's curiosity E. It began with a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours F. When adults increase their "wait time” to three seconds or more G.These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior |
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| 5. 完形填空 | 详细信息 |
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It seems that the great desire among the young is to be popular. And once they achieve ________, they want to keep it and ________ it. But the desire to be popular can________ you into looking and acting like everyone else. You can lose yourself in a sea of ________ hairstyles and thinking styles. I was forced to ________ popularity long before in a talk I had with my daughter. Margy had to ________ schools when my busy work schedule made it ________ for me to move houses. I suppose that, for a girl in her teens, ________ a new school is as easy as spending a season alone in the tropical jungles. However, as the school year ________ to an end, one student after another came to her. They said they would have liked to be friends sooner. I told Margy that I would have been more concerned if she had been a(n) ________ social success in her new school. That, to me, would have been the ________ that she had betrayed her ________ self in order to become popular. Sometimes young people try to force friendships into blossom by opening ________ their innermost thoughts to people they have just met. Such friendships are the least likely to ________. I know that it has become harder and harder for a young person to stand up against the popularity wave and to ________ his or her own way. This leads to a great ________ for the young person who wants to find his or her own ________. But the barrier is worth climbing over. The road is worth ________. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. Well, come on! Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come with the people who ________ you for who you are. That’s the only kind of popularity that really ________. 【1】A. permission B. popularity C. safety D. ambition 【2】A. improve B. create C. abandon D. express 【3】A. persuade B. cheat C. frighten D. force 【4】A. personal B. childish C. similar D. ridiculous 【5】A. think about B. speak out C. comment D. discuss 【6】A. leave B. change C. arrange D. apply 【7】A. famous B. important C. necessary D. impossible 【8】A. believing B. finding C. entering D. handling 【9】A. came B. developed C. finished D. spent 【10】A. academic B. slim C. political D. instant 【11】A. evidence B. means C. qualification D. purpose 【12】A. innocent B. numb C. complex D. true 【13】A. thoroughly B. exactly C. partly D. typically 【14】A. form B. last C. break D. adjust 【15】A. recall B. desert C. transfer D. seek 【16】A. choices B. lessons C. barrier D. goals 【17】A. motivation B. path C. hobby D. potential 【18】A. destroying B. following C. preparing D. noticing 【19】A. encourage B. sympathize C. respect D. remind 【20】A. varies B. differs C. does D. counts |
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| 6. 语法填空 | 详细信息 |
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阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Students have responsibility to learn well and pay more attention to learning. If a long reading assignment (任务) is given, 【1】 (instruct) expect students to be familiar 【2】 information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The ideal student 【3】 (consider) to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high 【4】 (grade). Sometimes homework is returned with brief 【5】 (write) comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for learning the material distributed. When research is distributed, the professor expects the student to take it 【6】 (active) and to complete it with minimum guidance. It is the students’ responsibility to find books in the library. Professors do not have the time 【7】 (explain) how a university library works. Professors will help students 【8】 need them, but prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United States, professors have many other duties besides 【9】 (teach), such as regulative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours 【10】 make an appointment. |
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| 7. | 详细信息 |
| Is this the best slogan, or should I go with the ________(原版）? (根据汉语意思填空) | |
| 8. | 详细信息 |
| She says she pulled out of the campaign, _______ (恐惧）and angry. (根据汉语意思填空) | |
| 9. | 详细信息 |
| Enter your user name and password ,______(确认) password before you click Next. (根据汉语意思填空) | |
| 10. | 详细信息 |
| At a time of the _______ (经济) crisis, our priority should be very clear about what we need to do. (根据汉语意思填空) | |
| 11. | 详细信息 |
| _______ (感恩) and honor what you have instead of focusing on what you do not. (根据汉语意思填空) | |
| 12. | 详细信息 |
| Years of _______（分歧）between the North and the South finally burst into civil war in April 1861. | |
| 13. | 详细信息 |
| I think what China will look for in the future are lower fuel _________(消耗) technologies. (根据汉语意思填空) | |
| 14. | 详细信息 |
| Love comes to those who still hope although they have been disappointed, to those who still believe although they have been______(背叛), to those who still love although they have been hurt before. (根据汉语意思填空) | |
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| What if you could see into the future? That is the promise of_______（基因）research. (根据汉语意思填空) | |
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| If the contract is canceled, it will be a _______ (灾难) to everyone concerned. (根据汉语意思填空) | |
| 17. 书面表达 | 详细信息 |
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假如你是李华，你校英语俱乐部将进行换届选举，现向大家征求主席人选。请给负责英语俱乐部的外教史密斯先生写封英文信推荐你们班长王林，并从以下方面说明他的优势并表达你的希望和感激之情。 1. 领导能力；2. 个性特点；3. 群众基础4. 英语水平 注意 ： 1. 可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯. 2. 词数：150左右 Dear Mr. Smith， I am writing to___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Lihua |
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