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Technology is playing a vital role in preservation and ecology research. Drones hold huge potential in the fight to save the world’s remaining wildlife from extinction. So researchers can now【1】 wild animals through dense forests and monitor whales in vast oceans. It’s estimated that up to five living species become extinct every day, making it urgent that universities developed technologies to capture the data that can persuade authorities to act.
The British International Education Association hosted a conference in January to 【2】the importance of technological solutions in protecting vulnerable species and ecosystems. Speakers underlined how technology can help preservation: drones can circle high above the ocean to 【3】 whales, while certain cameras can identify members of an individual species.
According to Claudio Sillero, biology professor at Oxford University, technology is changing how preservation research is done-but it’s in a(n) 【4】 way. As technology gets better and cheaper, researchers become better at doing what they were already doing. For example, remote sensing used to be a very technical tool but is now widespread, and everyone uses global positioning system(GPS) for surveying.
But teaching preservation and ecology courses in university 【5】. Some teach drone surveying methods in depth while others don’t even mention them. “The fact is, using drones is quite a 【6】 to the interdisciplinary ‘unknown’ of engineering, and 【7】 an area where lecturers may not feel confident to teach yet,” Serge Wich, an expert in primate biology says. “ Students are taught about well 【8】 technologies such as automatic sound recorders, but drones are often missing from university teaching. Consequently, drone use among researchers is still fairly limited and focused on getting photos.”
Wich’s team of researchers used techniques to develop a fully automated drone technology system that tracks and monitors the health of endangered animals globally. It’s designed to be cheap, stable and simple to use, so that local communities in developing countries can operate it independently without technical background. Yet it’s not more widely used on the grounds of researchers’ 【9】 of skills to use this technology. In biology, where drones are used, few can program an algorithm 【10】 for their preservation or research problem. “There’s much that needs to be done to bridge those two worlds and to make AI more user-friendly so that people who can’t program can still use the technology.” Wich says.

The term ‘dark tourism’ is far newer than the practice, which long predates(早于) Pompeii's 【1】 as a dark attraction. Dr Philip Stone, perhaps the world’s leading academic expert on dark tourism, considers the Roman Colosseum to be one of first dark tourist sites, where people travelled long distances to watch death as sport. Later, until the late 18" century, the appeal was crueler in central London, where people paid money to sit in grandstands to watch mass hangings. Dealers would sell pies at the site, which was 【2】 where Marble Arch stands today.
It was only in 1996 that ‘dark tourism’ entered the scholarly vocabulary when two academics in Glasgow 【3】 it while looking at sites associated with the murder of John F.Kennedy. Those who study dark tourism 【4】 plenty of reasons for the growing phenomenon, including raised awareness of it as an identifiable thing. 【5】to sites has also improved with the arrival of cheap air travel. It’s hard to imagine that the Auschwitz-Birkenau memorial and museum would now welcome more than two million visitors a year were it not for its 【6】 to Krakow’s international airport. Peter Hohenhaus, a 【7】 travelled dark tourist based in Vienna, also points to the broader rise in off-the-beaten track tourism, beyond the territory of popular guidebooks and TripAdvisor rankings. “A lot of people don't want 【8】 tourism and that often means engaging with places that have a more recent history.” he says. “ You go to Sarajevo and most people remember the war being in the news so it feels closer to one’s own biography.” Hohenhaus is also a fan of beauty in decay, the contemporary cultural movement in which urban ruins have become 【9】 matter for expensive coffee-table books and a thousand Instagram accounts. The crossover with death is clear. “ I have always been drawn to ruined things,” the 54-year-old says. But while, like any tourism, dark tourism at its best is 【10】 , the example of Grenfell Tower (a London tower block, destroyed by a fire in 2017 with 71 deaths) hints at the unease felt at some sites. “ ...I would not stand in the street taking a selfie merrily.”