题目

材料一  1825年，英国爆发了资本主义世界的第一次经济危机。不断扩大商品市场、增加廉价原料供应，成了英国资本主义继续发展生死攸关的问题。英国国内旧的保护关税的制度问题则日益凸显起来。1776年，亚当·斯密出版了《国富论》，在此书中，他尖锐地抨击了重商主义的保护政策，提出以“自由贸易”来代替以前的商业竞争。1852年，“国会以468票对53票正式通过自由贸易原则”。同年，免除关税的货物达123种，以后15年，除茶、酒、可可外，其 People often say that “failure is the mother of success”. 【1】 As a result, Manalo, a professor of educational psychology in Japan says, “We know we shouldn’t give up when we fail—but in reality, we do.”Manalo and Manu, a professor of learning sciences in Swiss, put together a special issue (专利) last December on benefiting from failure. The issue’s 15 studies provide teachers and educational researchers with a guide for achieving success. 【2】 Another confirmed that advice on failures is most constructive when the receiver is prepared to experience unpleasant feelings.Manalo and his co-authors also focused on overcoming one everyday form of failure: not completing a task. They asked 131 students to write an article about their school experiences. Half of the students received instructions for their writing, and half were left to their own. 【3】 Afterward the researchers found that those in the instructed group were more willing to complete their articles, compared with those who lacked guidance—even if the latter were closer to being done. 【4】【5】 Stephanie Couch, the director of the Lemelson-MIT Program, holds the opinion. Couch, whose work was also featured in the special issue, says that we should tell them to think of failure as part of a process toward success.A.However, all were stopped before finishing.B.The saying shows the importance of success.C.Teaching students not to fear failure makes goals achieved more easily.D.One study reported that the sooner students fail, the sooner they can move forward.E.Though having some truth to it, the saying does not tell us how to turn a loss into a win.F.They believed that learning how to fail can help people avoid becoming lasting failures.G.Knowing how to finish, in other words, was more important than being close to finishing.