题目

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life style without any exercise. The freedom to虫草中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)具有抗衰老作用。研究人员培育了能合成SOD的转基因酵母菌。回答下列问题:注:Hind Ⅲ和ApaLⅠ是两种限制酶,箭头表示酶的切割位置。(1)将图中的重组DNA分子用Hind Ⅲ和ApaLⅠ完全酶切后,可得到____种DNA片段。图示的表达载体存在氨苄青霉素抗性基因,不能导入用于食品生产的酵母菌中,据图分析,可用________切除该抗性基因的部分片段使其失效,再用DNA连接酶使表达载体重新连接起来。(2)作为受体细胞的酵母菌缺失URA3基因,必须在含有尿嘧啶的培养基中才能存活,因此,图示表达载体上的URA3基因可作为____供鉴定和选择;为了筛选出成功导入表达载体的酵母菌,所使用的培养基____(填“需要”或“不需要”)添加尿嘧啶。(3)目的基因进入受体细胞内,并且在受体细胞内维持稳定和表达的过程,称为____。为了确定受体细胞中SOD基因是否转录,可用标记的____作探针进行分子杂交检测,分子杂交的原理是_____。(4)利用蛋白质工程获得活性更高的SOD时,需根据所设计蛋白质的结构推测其____序列,最终确定相对应的脱氧核苷酸序列并经____获得所需的基因。