群落演替在后期的成熟阶段 A 总生产量与生物量的比值最高 B 总生产量、净生产量达到最大 C 总生产量大于总呼吸量 D 总生产量与总呼吸量大体相等 答案:D群落达到成熟阶段,总生产量与总呼吸量大体相等,生物总量保持相对稳定。4、 People have
wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another
is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of
questions.They want to
explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought
on the matter have developed.As one might expect, the
two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal
of debate between proponents of each theory.The
controversy is often referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior
patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our
abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is
predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our
instincts.
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that
our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in
determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner, sees humans as beings whose
behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists’ view of the human being is
quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans’ respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior.In fact, it is quite likely that the
key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
1.Which of the following statements would the
supporters of the “nature” theory
agree with?
A.A person’s instincts have little effect on his actions.
B.Environment is
important in determining a person’s behavior and
personality.
C.Biological reasons
have a strong influence on how we act.
D.The behaviorists’ view correctly explains how we act.
2.Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the writer
of this article .
A.supports the nature
theory
B.supports the nurture
theory
C.believes both are
completely wrong
D.thinks that the
correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories.
3.In the United States, Black people often score below
White people on intelligence tests.With this in mind,
which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.Nature proponents
would say that Whites are genetically superior to Blacks.
B.Supporters of the
nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a superior
environment.
C.Behaviorists would say
that Blacks often lack the educational and environmental advantages that Whites
enjoy.
D.Nurture proponents
would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to Whites.