题目

在“探究滑轮组的机械效率”时，小明利用两组滑轮组进行了 5 次测量，用一个动滑轮和一个定滑轮测定前 4 组数据，用两个动滑轮和两个定滑轮得第 5 组数据，测得数据如下表：（1）请根据第 1 次测量数据，在图甲中画出实验中滑轮组的绕绳方法__________．（2）进行第 2 次测量时，拉力做的总功为_____J；进行第 5 次测量时，滑轮组的机械效率为_____（保留三位有效数字）．（3）以前，小明认为“同一个机械，它的机械效率是一个定值”，通过分析实Passage 9(2013 山东烟台，D)    The famous scientist and thinker,Charles Darwin,was born on February 12 ,1809.His family lived not far from the Iliver Severn,England.    Charles' father was a well-known doctor and the son oi a still greater doctor and scientist.Charles father hoped that his son would also become a doctor.    As a boy,Charles liked to go for walks in the fields and forests. He watched nature and compared what he saw with everything he had read in science books. He also liked collecting very much. He collected many things：eggs,stones,and leaves.His father did not like this,as Charles was not studying very well at school.①为了成为一名医生，十六岁时达尔文就被送到爱丁堡大学(Edinburgh University) 学习。But he was interested in the history of nature.    Then he studied at Cambridge University until 1831.    Some time later,he heard that the ship Beagle was going on a trip lo South America and wanted a scientist. His professor advised him to go.He said the trip would he just for Darwin.So when the ship left England in December 1831,Danvin was on it.The research lasted almost five years.The Beagle studied the waters in the sea near South America.lt also visited New Zealand,Australia and islands in the Pacific. Dam in saw many new plants and animals. He collected all kinds of plants,which he sent home from the places he visited.    When he returned home,Darwin was warmly greeted by his families and many friends.    In 1842,Darwin went to live in Kent,where he continued his studies of the changes in nature.②Darwin understood that plants and animals are not always the same,and that they really change.    By 1859,Darwin had finished his famous book The Origin of Species A[ made a great hit in the world of science.③He was opposed (反对) by the church and even by some scientists. But later,more and more scientists agreed with him.    Darwin continued his studies in science until he died in 1882.     请根据文章内容回答问题。l.Why didrrt Charles become a doctor?2. When did Charles start the research with the Beagle?    根据短文内容，完成下列各题。3. 请将①处LB」线句子翻译成英语。4. 请将②处両线句子翻译成汉语。5. 请改写③处両线句子，使其意思与原句一致(每空一词) 。The church and even some scientists    him.