题目

从候选人角度，我国的选举方式分为（ ）A. 直接选举与间接选举B. 等额选举与差额选举C. 直接选举与等额选举D. 间接选举与差额选举 答案：【答案】B【解析】根据题目的表述，从候选人角度，我国的选举方式分为等额选举与差额选举。等额选举即正式候选人名额与应选名额相等的方式，差额选举即正式候选人名额多于应选名额的选举方式。故B选项入选。A选项是从选民的角度来划分的。C、D选项错误，排除。 角度从选民角度从候选人角度The poorer mental function seen among alcoholics，many of whom also regularly smoke cigarettes，may be partly due to the long term effects of nicotine(尼古丁)，new research suggests.“People who are also smokers are at a much higher risk，” Dr.Jennifer  M.Glass of the University of Michigan's Addiction Research Center said. In her study，“Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking，” she said.This finding may seem counterintuitive(违反直觉的)，since many smokers show that they feel quicker and focused after smoking. Indeed，research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure. Chronic(慢性的)smoking，however，is known to have the opposite effect. Studies show that up to 87 percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes.Yet，few studies have looked into cigarette smoking as a factor that might explain the cognitive(认知的)lack reported among alcoholics. To search for that association，Glass and her colleagues examined brain function among 172 men from the same area，including 103 men who abused alcohol. The team found that men with higher scores on the lifetime alcohol problems scale(LAPS)and those who reported a higher number of pack years of smoking both had lower IQ scores.Upon further research，the researchers found that smoking also appeared to be independently associated  with weaker word and space reasoning. Thus，though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers，it did seem to account for some of the effects，the report indicates1.What is the passage mainly about?A.Cigarette smoking contributes to decreased IQ and thinkingB.Alcohol abuse is to blame for the poorer mental functionC.Most of the alcoholics are also heavy smokersD.Non-smokers mostly have higher IQ scores2.The underline sentence “Chronic smoking, however, is known to have opposite effect” in paragraph 3  suggests:A.Chronic smoking can improve mental functioningB.Chronic smoking has an immediate influence on mental functioningC.Chronic smoking has side effect on mental functioning improvementD.Chronic smokers feel quicker and focused after smoking3.From the passage we can learn thatA.cigarette smoking is not related to reasoningB.nicotine exposure can improve mental functioning temporarilyC.the long term effects of nicotine cause alcoholicsD.men with lower scores on the LAPS have lower IQ scores4.It can be inferred from the passage thatA.many alcoholics suffer a great deal from smokingB.giving up smoking is significantly challenging for the alcoholicsC.alcoholics who do not smoke much have higher IQ scoresD.other factors can cause the poorer mental functioning besides smoking5.The purpose of this passage isA.to warn us of the bad effects of smoking on IQ and thinkingB.to tell us why people are addicted to smokingC.to give us some advice on how to improve IQ and reasoningD.to compare the bad effects of alcohol and cigarette